快速发展的中国氨基酸和维生素工业

随着养殖业的持续发展和产品结构的进一步调整，我国饲料产量持续增长（图1），产品结构也相应调整，水产、奶牛、观赏动物饲料比重有所增加。结果大大促进了配合饲料核心成分氨基酸、维生素的发展。     

猪的市场状况和对相关行业的影响

供求关系决定价格,最为典型的就是2007年生猪价格的波动。下面展开讨论今年生猪市场状况和对相关行业的影响。     

Beef and pork packing industries.

A remarkable transformation of the meatpacking industry occurred in the last 25 years. That transformation consolidated the industry into one that could deliver large volumes of meat at low costs. Slaughter plants grew much larger and realized economies of scale from their size, and operations within plants were rationalized to emphasize the delivery of a small set of consistent major products (boxed beef, cut-up pork, and by-products) to retailers, wholesalers, and other processors. Similar developments occurred in livestock feeding whereby the industry realized significant cost reductions by consolidating production in very large cattle feedlots and hog farms. Gains from scale have largely been met (absent the development of new technologies that are not yet on the horizon); therefore, we are unlikely to see similar shifts in plant sizes in the next 25 years. The major forces affecting meatpacking and livestock feeding in the near future are more likely to revolve around tighter coordination among livestock production, meatpacking, wholesaling, and retailing. Although much of the recent response to food safety concerns took the form of investments in equipment, testing, and training within meatpacking plants, packers and retailers are likely to focus more on assurance of livestock production quality and methods in the future. Such assurance can be met through vertical integration or through a greater reliance on tightly drawn contracts; producers who attempt to provide the assurance while still selling through cash markets will need to develop paper trails of testing and quality assurance that will move through the marketing chain with livestock. Similarly, because of likely increased future demand for meats of assured consumer qualities, such as organically grown products or branded meat products with very specific traits, producers will likely need to provide similar indicators of assurance throughout the marketing chain. Finally, the funding offered through federal environmental assistance programs such as the USDA's Environmental Quality Incentives Program along with related regulations governing waste management will likely lead to greater control over livestock production practices by investors, financiers, integrators, and packers through contractual design. Shifts toward tighter vertical coordination will force continuing changes in traditional ways of doing business in livestock production and in meatpacking. In turn, public policy discussions and corporate strategies in meatpacking are likely to focus continuing attention on the particulars of contract design: how to meet consumers', retailers', and regulators' requirements for quality assurance while ensuring efficient low-cost production without retarding competition in the industry.     

生猪养殖产业链相关行业利润分配分析

本文主要分析了生猪养殖产业链相关行业利润分配问题,并对生猪养殖如何应对行业利润分配不均提出了建议,呼吁政府和行业有关管理部门参与宏观调控管理,促进行业和社会生产和谐健康有序发展。     

The structure and regulation of the Irish equine industries: Links to considerations of equine welfare

The equine industries in Ireland are vibrant and growing. They are broadly classified into two sectors: Thoroughbred racing, and sports and leisure. This paper describes these sectors in terms of governance, education and training in equine welfare, and available data concerning horse numbers, identification, traceability and disposal. Animal welfare, and specifically equine welfare, has received increasing attention internationally. There is general acceptance of concepts such as animal needs and persons' responsibilities toward animals in their care, as expressed in the 'Five Freedoms'. As yet, little has been published on standards of equine welfare pertaining to Ireland, or on measures to address welfare issues here. This paper highlights the central role of horse identification and legal registration of ownership to safeguard the health and welfare of horses.     

美国苜蓿草产业成功经验对甘肃省苜蓿草产业之借鉴

美国是全世界苜蓿（Medicago spp.）种植面积和出口量最多的国家,其生产和贸易对于我国来说有许多值得借鉴的地方。甘肃省是中国苜蓿种植面积最大的省份,近些年苜蓿草产业发展迅猛,但由于发展时间较短,还存在诸多问题。本文深入分析了美国苜蓿生产与贸易现状、总结其成功经验,并以此为借鉴,结合对甘肃省苜蓿草产业存在的突出问题的综合分析,进一步提出促进甘肃省苜蓿草产业健康发展的对策建议。     

The role of veterinary surgeons in the dairy,meat and wool industries of New Zealand

Extract

You have probably all heard the schoolgirl definition “A veterinarian is an old soldier that eats vegetables.” My only personal quarrel with this definition is that I like a little meat occasionally. This morning I intend to exercise an old soldier's privilege and talk to you about the role of veterinary surgeons in the dairy, meat and wool industries of New Zea1and.     

禽流感对国内饲料业及相关产业的影响

进入21世纪，随着全球经济的飞速发展。畜牧业也进入快速崛起时期，伴随着饲料养殖行业的快速发展，畜禽疫情也频频发生。譬如禽流感。在2003年还只是零星发生，但到2005年即出现迅速蔓延的态势。本文主要阐述禽流感疫情的回顾及后期的发展趋势及对相关产业的影响。同时，也对饲料养殖业未来如何预防及应对重大疫情简单作一阐述以供读者参考。     

Animal welfare provision for land-based livestock industries in Australia

The land-based livestock industries in Australia face particular challenges in assuring high animal welfare standards due to large land areas and stock numbers, climatic extremes and relatively low inputs in terms of manpower and infrastructure. These factors make a major contribution to welfare issues associated with nutrition, health, mustering and handling, and transportation. In addition, welfare is seriously compromised by the invasive procedures that are conducted on livestock, such as castration, dehorning, mulesing and tail-docking. At least partial solutions to welfare issues associated with nutrition, health, mustering and handling are available now and should be universally adopted. There are potential solutions available for castration and dehorning, which require some further research and development. Genetic technologies can also provide a solution for dehorning, mulesing and tail-docking. Inevitably, all livestock experience transportation, and research and development is required to determine optimal practices for Australian conditions in order to minimise the negative impacts on animal welfare.     

Adoption of biosecurity practices in the Australian poultry industries

OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of adoption within the Australian poultry industries of a range of standard biosecurity practices. DESIGN: A questionnaire survey of owners and managers of 1753 commercial poultry farms. Procedure Information was collected by telephone or in person from the owners and managers of poultry farms. Data were entered onto an Excel spreadsheet and analysed using the statistical tools within Excel. RESULTS: The response rates to the questionnaire for the chicken meat, egg, duck and turkey sectors were 94%, 37%, 92% and 96% respectively. Within the chicken meat sector, the adoption rate exceeded 98% for 11 practices with only the rates for appropriate disposal of spent litter/manure (94%) and development of farm level biosecurity plans (88%) falling below this level. Adoption rates for all practices had increased or remained at 100% since the last survey conducted in 2001. Integrated companies in the turkey and duck sector also reported high levels of adoption for most biosecurity practices although rates for the use of fresh litter, cleaning of sheds between batches of birds and maintenance of single age flocks were lower than in the chicken meat sector. Adoption rates for biosecurity practices on independently owned farms in the turkey and duck sectors were lower than for farms operated by integrated companies. CONCLUSIONS: Farms in the chicken meat, turkey and duck sectors of the Australian poultry industries have a high level of adoption of biosecurity practices with only a small proportion of farms needing to further enhance their biosecurity.