家蚕农药中毒综合防治对策

家蚕属鳞翅目昆虫,在农作物病虫防治中,鳞翅目害虫是主要的防治对象,因此在农作物治虫时稍有不慎就极易造成家蚕的农药中毒事故。轻,部分蚕中毒死亡或不能结茧,重造成绝收。广大蚕农要采取“预防为主、综合防治”方针,积极从源头（农药）、污染途径（桑叶、蚕具、空气）、中毒体（蚕）三方面进行防治,     

家蚕农药中毒的发生与预防

家蚕是对农药十分敏感的昆虫,在农药施用或储存过程中,可直接或间接地通过触杀、胃毒、内吸、熏蒸等多种途径造成家蚕中毒.在我省,夏秋季长期高温少雨加上台风影响,是农作物病虫害暴发的季节,因而也是农药使用最为集中、面最广、量最大的时期.在农作物病虫防治中,鳞翅目害虫是主要的防治对象,所以在夏秋季施用防治鳞翅目害虫的农药极为普遍.而家蚕也是一种鳞翅目昆虫,因此在农作物治虫时稍有不慎就极易造成蚕的农药中毒事故.轻者,部分蚕中毒死亡或不能结茧,重者造成绝收.因此,应高度重视农药中毒事故的发生,做到早预防早发现早处理,以减少损失.     

40%乐桑乳油对桑尺蠖毒力的测定

桑尺蠖[Phthonandria atrineata(Butler)]属鳞翅目,尺蠖蛾科.分布于各蚕区,其幼虫在桑园里常年可见,桑树生长季节都能造成为害,其中首推春季对桑芽所造成的危害最严重.桑叶生长期食害桑叶,造成桑叶损失很大,再加上各蚕区有时候防治不当,又会造成家蚕大面积中毒.生产上一般是采用甲胺磷、灭多威和辛硫磷来防治.     

农药对家蚕的毒性研究进展

农药在农业生产上的广泛应用,导致农药污染对蚕业生产构成严重威胁.为了给蚕业生产上有效预防家蚕农药中毒提供较为系统、全面的技术参考,介绍了常用农药的种类(如有机磷类、有机氮类、菊酯类等)及其作用机制,各类农药对家蚕的毒性和残毒期以及导致家蚕中毒的典型症状等的研究进展,并对蚕业生产上如何加强家蚕农药中毒的预防工作提出了一些...     

大蚕期敌杀死中毒的处理

蚕农在养蚕过程中，因预防农药中毒意识薄弱，家蚕农药中毒现象时有发生。家蚕农药中毒轻者造成减产，茧质差，重者则颗粒无收。但如果家蚕农药中毒后处理措施得当，中毒较轻的蚕，经精心饲养仍可恢复并能正常营茧。笔者在生产中遇到家蚕敌杀死中毒后的处理证明，只要不轻易放弃，及时解毒，中毒不深的蚕经解毒是可以恢复正常的，再通过精心饲育，...     

空气污染物对蚕业生产的危害及防治

由空气污染引发的蚕儿中毒而直接导致蚕茧产质量下降的现象,已成为制约蚕桑生产发展的隐患。通过阐述不同污染物对家蚕毒害的表现,对氟化物污染、煤气中毒、农药中毒提出了相应的防治措施,和综合防治建议。     

家蚕常见农药中毒现象及预防措施

针对生产过程中经常发生的家蚕农药中毒现象,分析了近年来全国各蚕区出现的家蚕农药中毒情况。总结了引起家蚕中毒的农药种类、中毒的症状、中毒原因,提出防治家蚕农药中毒的具体措施。提出今后研究针对家蚕农药中毒的方向及需要注意的问题,为防治家蚕农药中毒提供科学理论依据。     

家蚕农药中毒的发生与防治

江苏省射阳县现有桑园3 666.7hm2,年发放蚕种16.5万张。近年来,由于农药市场管理难度大,农药流通缺乏监管,因农药质量而发生农药中毒的事件屡见不鲜。同时部分蚕农用药不规范,农业治虫与蚕作时有冲突,家蚕中毒事故频频发生,蚕茧产量、质量受到影响,蚕农养蚕积极性受挫。笔者分析了家蚕中毒的症状、原因及中毒后应采取的措施...     

家蚕氟化物中毒与防治

蚕桑生产是我省的一项传统产业,历史悠久.近年来,随着我省经济的快速发展,我省蚕桑生产基本上向经济欠发达的偏远农村转移.但这些蚕区多是发展砖瓦厂的好地方,砖瓦窑排放大量氟化物气体和尘氟,日益污染着大气环境,家蚕氟化物中毒日趋严重,在砖瓦窑密集蚕区,区域性氟化物中毒时有发生,给蚕农造成了严重的经济损失,极大地挫伤了蚕农种桑养蚕的积极性.针对我省家蚕氟化物中毒现状,笔者认为,了解中毒途径和氟化物对家蚕的毒性,掌握中毒症状和中毒机理,总结分析影响中毒的主要因素,制定相应的防治措施,可以有效地防止和减轻家蚕氟化物中毒的发生.     

新农药氯虫苯甲酰胺中毒蚕的症状及补救效果

农用杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺,对鳞翅目昆虫有独特的毒杀功效,近几年在我国被广泛用于水稻、蔬菜、豆类、玉米等大田作物的虫害防治。家蚕是特殊的鳞翅目昆虫,为探明氯虫苯甲酰胺农药对蚕儿的毒害,通过添食不同浓度的氯虫苯甲酰胺试验致蚕儿中毒,观察其中毒蚕症状及中毒后的补救效果,以指导蚕桑生产。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。