多效唑对番茄后期生长的影响

多效唑能明显控制番茄幼苗的徒长,在番茄育苗生产中已广泛应用.我市很多农户在早春大棚栽培的番茄中,为防止番茄中后期徒长,也采用喷施多效唑的方法,有的却严重影响番茄的产量.为探索多效唑对番茄后期生长影响及适宜的使用浓度,进行本试验,现将结果总结如下.     

3种植物生长延缓剂对温室甜瓜生长发育的影响

以厚皮甜瓜‘西洲密25号’为试验材料,采用3种植物生长延缓剂进行处理,探究其对温室厚皮甜瓜生长发育的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,3种植物生长延缓剂对厚皮甜瓜生长发育指标和产量的影响均达到显著水平。多效唑150 mg·L^-1的处理对蔓长、节间长的抑制效果以及对单瓜质量和总产量的增加效果达到极显著水平,矮壮素50 mg·L^-1处理对增加茎粗效果最为明显;多效唑250 mg·L^-1处理对叶柄长的抑制效果最明显;多效唑150 mg·L^-1与缩节胺200 mg·L^-1处理对增加叶绿素相对含量效果显著。缩节胺300 mg·L^-1处理对可滴定酸含量的增加作用最明显,缩节胺400 mg·L^-1处理减少可滴定酸含量;多效唑150 mg·L^-1处理对维生素C含量的增加作用最显著;多效唑50 mg·L^-1的处理对中心可溶性固性物含量的作用最显著;3种植物生长延缓剂处理对甜瓜硬度及果形指数均无明显影响。综上所述,多效唑150 mg·L^-1处理对厚皮甜瓜生长发育、果实品质及产量等相关指标的综合影响效果最显著,可为厚皮甜瓜温室栽培提供理论参考。     

不同浓度多效唑处理对西瓜幼苗生长和生理的影响

培育健壮的种苗是育苗工厂的重要目标,西瓜种苗在环境条件控制不当时容易徒长。笔者研究了在西瓜幼苗生长的2个时期(种子萌芽期和子叶微展期)下,采用不同质量浓度的多效唑(0、5、10、15、25 mg·L~(-1))喷施,调查各处理对西瓜幼苗生长和生理指标的影响。结果表明,西瓜种子萌芽期喷施多效唑培育壮苗的最适质量浓度为5 mg·L~(-1),而子叶微展期喷施的最适质量浓度为10 mg·L~(-1),这2个浓度均能使西瓜幼苗的植株高度显著降低,茎粗度增加,叶片相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)、根系活力、根冠比和壮苗指数显著提高。     

不同浓度多效唑浸种对西瓜苗期生长的影响

培育壮苗是西瓜高产稳产的基础,西瓜幼苗在环境条件控制不当时容易徒长.采用不同浓度的多效唑(0、15、25、50、100、200 mg· L-1)浸泡种子6h,研究不同浸种浓度对西瓜苗期生长的影响.结果 表明,多效唑浸种能够有效抑制西瓜苗期的徒长,显著降低西瓜幼苗的株高;其中,以T1(15 mg·L-1浸种6h)最为合适...     

不同浓度多效唑和比久浸种对甜瓜幼苗质量的影响

为解决新疆吐鲁番地区甜瓜工厂化育苗当中遇到的容易出现徒长苗,不易培育出适龄壮苗等问题,选用甜瓜品种"西州密十七号"为试材,研究不同浓度植物生长延缓剂多效唑(PP333)和比久(B9)浸种处理对甜瓜幼苗质量的影响。结果表明:甜瓜幼苗发芽势随着PP333溶液浓度的增大而降低,幼苗的株高和下胚轴长显著小于对照;浓度为60mg/L的PP333溶液浸种处理下的幼苗叶片厚度和幼苗壮苗指数最大;60mg/L和80mg/L的PP333溶液浸种处理下幼苗根冠比最大。PP333溶液浸种处理对甜瓜幼苗的株高、下胚轴长、叶片大小和厚度的抑制作用大于B9溶液,可以用于防止幼苗徒长,培育壮苗。     

多效唑对辣椒幼苗的矮化效应

以“热辣1号”辣椒为试验材料,研究了不同浓度多效唑处理对辣椒幼苗质量及生理特性的影响,以期为采用多效唑调控辣椒幼苗生长及培育壮苗提供科学依据.结果表明:100～350 mg/L 15％多效唑可湿性粉剂喷施叶片均能有效降低辣椒幼苗株高,增加茎粗,减小叶面积,提高根冠比,同时显著提高SOD、POD活性.200 mg/L 15％多效唑是最适宜的喷施浓度,能达到培育壮苗的目的.     

外源化学物质控制黄瓜幼苗徒长的效果

为筛选出能有效控制夏季黄瓜徒长的混合溶液配方,以不同浓度的氧化亚铁、缩节胺、磷酸二氢钾3种试剂不同比例配制混合溶液,对黄瓜进行叶片喷施,研究不同外源化学物质对黄瓜穴盘育苗幼苗生长状况的影响.结果表明,外源喷施不同浓度配比的氧化亚铁、缩节胺、磷酸二氢钾能有效控制黄瓜幼苗高度,增强黄瓜长势,起到控制徒长的作用.主要表现在黄...     

多效唑对'库尔勒香梨'枝条内源激素及抗寒性的影响

探讨多效唑对'库尔勒香梨'枝条生长过程中内源激素含量的影响,为有效控制'库尔勒香梨'枝条徒长和提高抗寒能力奠定基础。于盛花后25 d对'库尔勒香梨'新梢喷施不同浓度多效唑,定期测定枝条内源ABA、GA、IAA、ZR含量,分析不同浓度多效唑对其动态变化的影响。结果表明:喷施不同浓度多效唑后,'库尔勒香梨'枝条内源ABA含量均呈逐渐增加趋势,GA含量呈现"下降—升高—下降"趋势,IAA含量呈"上升—下降"趋势,ZR含量呈"上升—下降"趋势,ABA/GA值呈持续上升趋势,同时提高了枝条抗寒性;1 500、2 000 mg/L多效唑的施用可提高休眠期'库尔勒香梨'枝条内源ABA含量及ABA/GA值,降低枝条内源GA含量,同时对控制'库尔勒香梨'枝条徒长及提高抗寒性有显著作用。     

叶面喷施外源硒营养液对甜瓜产量和品质的影响

为筛选出甜瓜叶面喷施硒肥的最佳浓度配方,以3个不同品种的厚皮甜瓜为试验材料,设计了5个浓度梯度的有机硒营养液,分3次喷施于甜瓜叶面,研究喷施硒营养液对甜瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:浓度为30 mg/L和15 mg/L的硒肥喷施处理,甜瓜果实含硒量和产量均显著增加;甜瓜果实中可溶性固形物含量提高;但果实中的可溶性蛋白和VC含量变化不明显。30 mg/L和15 mg/L可作为生产上栽培生产富硒甜瓜的最佳浓度配比。     

硅对设施厚皮甜瓜弱光胁迫的调控效果

以"维科厚甜2号"甜瓜为试材,5 000lx弱光条件下在培养箱中对厚皮甜瓜幼苗喷施0.7~2.8mmol·L~(-1)硅素,研究了叶面喷施硅素对甜瓜苗期生长和相关生理指标的影响。结果表明:在弱光环境下,叶面喷施0.7~2.8mmol·L~(-1)硅素可促进甜瓜功能叶片硝酸还原酶活性提高和可溶性蛋白质含量增加,从而促进了光合性能提升。叶面喷施1.4~2.8mmol·L~(-1)硅素可显著抑制弱光下幼苗徒长,表现为甜瓜株高、节间长和下胚轴长度显著降低,茎粗和根叶干物质积累增加,但以1.4mmol·L~(-1)硅素促壮效果最佳。因此,1.4mmol·L~(-1)硅素可作为早春茬棚室甜瓜苗期叶面喷施硅肥的参考指标。     

Modification of chilling susceptibility in seedlings of cucumber and zucchini squash by the bioregulator paclobutrazol (PP333)

Application of paclobutrazol at 1, 5 or 10 mg 1^?1 by soil drench inhibited growth and increased chlorophyll content of leaf discs of cucumber and zucchini squash. The treatments also significantly postponed symptoms of chilling injury of seedlings at 5°C. The degree of protection from injury sustained at low temperature increased with increasing duration of the paclobutrazol treatment. Cucumber seedlings were more sensitive to chilling injury and were more responsive to the paclobutrazol treatment than seedlings of zucchini squash.     

基质中添加不同浓度多效唑对甘蓝幼苗生长的影响

以甘蓝H-60为材料,采用穴盘育苗的方法,将5种浓度（0.125、0.25、0.5、1.0、1.5 mg/L）多效唑添加到育苗基质中,研究不同浓度多效唑对甘蓝幼苗生长的影响。研究结果表明,基质中添加1 mg/L多效唑能有效降低甘蓝幼苗株高,缩短下胚轴长。综合幼苗的茎粗、株高、生物量、下胚轴长、壮苗指数等各项生长指标,基质中添加多效唑浓度为0.125 mg/L和1.0 mg/L时,能有效提高甘蓝幼苗的壮苗指数,有利于培育甘蓝壮苗。     

湘南地区辣椒冬播春育规模型育苗技术探讨

从辣椒品种选择、播种量确定、不同多效唑浓度调控等3个方面研究了湘南地区辣椒冬播春育规模型育苗技术,结果表明,湘研15号、丰泰21号2个品种在湘南地区苗期表现较好;规模化育苗以每1 m2播种8-10 g为宜;喷施200 mg/I,的多效唑能提高壮苗素质.     

Influence of paclobutrazol on water consumption and plant performance of Arbutus unedo seedlings

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of paclobutrazol on the water consumption, plant water relations, gas exchange and development of strawberry tree seedlings (Arbutus unedo L.), to evaluate water resource management. Seedlings (8 cm in height) were subjected to a single drench of 60 or 100 mg of paclobutrazol and pot-grown in a greenhouse for 4 months. Untreated plants acted as control. Paclobutrazol reduced the development and improved the water status of the seedlings. At the end of the experimental period, it was seen that the two doses studied had reduced the plant dry weight, plant height and foliar development compared with the untreated plants. Paclobutrazol significantly reduced water consumption by 10% (60 mg) and 20% (100 mg) compared with the control. Plants treated with 100 mg showed the highest leaf water potential values at predawn. Paclobutrazol-treated plants presented turgor potential at values midday higher than control. This retardant stimulated a more efficient stomatal regulation, permitted an improved water status; however, it altered photosynthesis, reducing the plant growth. The lowered water consumption in paclobutrazol-treated plants was the result of a combination of mechanisms which reduced water loss through transpiration.     

PP333对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理指标的影响

对多效唑(PP333)浸种或喷雾处理黄瓜幼苗进行了研究。试验结果表明,PP333能有效抑制幼苗株高和叶片细胞的生长,显著降低株高、减小叶面积,而对幼苗叶绿素含量、根系活力的影响没有规律。浸种比喷雾处理作用更直接,苗整齐度更好,PP333浓度以20mg/L较好。     

樱桃茎吸收的PP333在植株中运转方向及途径

利用~(14)C 的同位素示踪技术,通过宏观自显影法和测量法观察~(14)C 的分布,研究了樱桃茎吸收的 PP333在植株中的运转方向和途径.结果表明,地上部施用的 PP333,不仅能经木质部随蒸腾流向上运转,到达枝端,也可经韧皮部向下运转,累积在根中.     

多效唑在苹果树体内的残留及其在抑制生长中的作用

通过盆栽试验显示,土施多效唑后植株生长受到强烈的抑制,抑制效果可在当年维持整个生长季节.第二年更换土壤、除去多效唑后,体内贮存的多效唑可以抑制植株生长约半个生长季.土施情况下,多效唑抑制作用的多年持续效果,主要靠植株从土壤中不断吸收新的多效唑.     

猕猴桃种质的离体保存研究

MS培养基中附加多效唑,室温(3—34℃,平均19℃)条件下能减少继代次数,延长猕猴桃种质试管苗的保存时间.浓度为0.5mg·1~(-1)效果最好,保存11个月的存活率为90%.对多效唑与猕猴桃试管苗衰老的关系研究表明,低浓度多效唑能延缓猕猴桃试管苗衰老,高浓度多效唑则促进猕猴桃试管苗衰老.     

Production of four commercially cultivated Echinacea species by different methods of in vitro regeneration

Summary

Efficient in vitro procedures for mass propagation of four commercially important Echinacea species have been deveoped. Plants of E. angustifolia, E. pallida, E. paradoxa and E. purpurea were regenerated by three methods, namely axillary bud proliferation, adventitious shoot formation and somatic embyrogenesis. Shoot tips obtained from in vitro germinated seedlings, adventitious shoots or somatic embryo-derived plantlets, when cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium enriched with 1 μM 6-benzylaminopurine, 2 μM kinetin, 0.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid and 4 mg^–1 paclobutrazol multiplied three-fold within 3–4 weeks in culture. Incorporation of paclobutrazol in the shoot multiplication medium was necessary to recover healthy and robust shoots suitable for rooting. Direct, high-frequency shoot formation on intact leaves of shoots grown on 6-benzylaminopurine and kinetin-supplemented media, an unusual and novel observation made in this study, occurred in all the species studied. Rooting of in vitro developed shoots was achieved relatively easily with Murashige and Skoog basal medium rather than with auxin-enriched media. Culturing of hypocotyl explants on medium containing 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (commonly known as dicamba), or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, resulted in direct somatic embryogenesis in all the species examined. The presence of cytokinin was required for somatic embryo germination, but further development of germinated somatic embryos into normal plantlets occurred in Murashige and Skoog medium. We conclude that the procedures described here could be used for rapid propagation as well as genetic transformation of commerically cultivated Echinacea species.