Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against formalin-inactivated Nipah virus isolated from the lungs of a pig

Eight clones of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to Nipah virus (NV) were produced against formalin-inactivated NV antigens. They reacted positive by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test, and one of them also demonstrated virus neutralizing activity. They were classified into six different types based on their biological properties. These Mabs will be useful for immunodiagnosis of NV infections in animals and further research studies involving the genomes and proteins of NV.     

Rabies virus infection in a pet guinea pig and seven pet rabbits

Raccoon-variant rabies was confirmed in 7 pet rabbits and 1 pet guinea pig in New York State, and postexposure treatment was required in several adults and children. To prevent rabies virus infection, domestic rabbits and pet rodents should be protected from contact with wild animals, including double-cage housing when housed outside. Pet rabbits or rodents with any possible contact with a wild animal, particularly if the rabbit or rodent had wounds of unknown origin, should be quarantined for 6 months for observation, to prevent escape, and to avoid contact with humans, who will require treatment if the rabbit or rodent develops rabies. Bites and scratches to humans from rodents and lagomorphs should be evaluated for potential rabies exposure on an individual basis, with consideration of whether the animal was caged outside or permitted outdoors unsupervised.     

Histopathologic and immunohistochemical lesions in liver of mink infected with Aleutian disease virus

Parvovirus of Aleutian disease causes mainly damage to kidneys, but immune complexes deposition and damage may occur also in other organs. In mink farms of Latvia the liver dystrophy or hepatic lipidosis of mink is widely distributed. The goal of this study was to examine probability of liver damage and regeneration of mink infected with Aleutian disease virus. Liver injury was assessed histologically. The mink liver demonstrated inflammation of liver parenchyma and foci of fatty liver. In immunohistochemistry, during liver regeneration the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-9, vascular endothelial growth factor and beta-defensin 2 expressions were lower, but MMP-2 and nerve growth factor receptor p75 expression was increased.     

尼帕病毒研究进展

尼帕病毒(Nipahvirus,NiV)是近年来新发现的副粘病毒属的亨尼帕病毒,是一种引起人和猪的急性、高度致死性传染性疾病。主要侵害中枢神经系统和呼吸系统,引起急性发热、头痛和不同程度的意识障碍。本文就NiV的流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、病原学、分子生物特性、诊断、治疗等方面进行简单综述。     

Hendra and Nipah virus infections.

The most important clinical and pathological manifestation of Hendra virus infection in horses and humans is that of severe interstitial pneumonia caused by viral infection of small blood vessels. The virus is also capable of causing nervous disease. Hendra virus is not contagious in horses and is spread by close contact with body fluids, such as froth from infected lungs. Diagnosis should be based on the laboratory examination of blood, lung, kidney, spleen, and, if nervous signs are present, also of the brain. Evidence of infection with the more recently identified and related Nipah virus was found in the brain of one horse in which there was inflammation of the meningeal blood vessels. Fruit bats, especially Pteropus s., have been incriminated as the natural and reservoir hosts of both Hendra and Nipah viruses.     

Asia 1 FMDV重组鸡痘病毒在豚鼠体内免疫原性和体内分布

为检测Asia 1口蹄疫(Foot and mouth disease,FMD)重组病毒免疫原性和安全性,将构建表达Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒(Foot and mouth disease virus,FMDV)3C基因、P1-2A基因和猪白细胞介素18(Interleukin 18,IL-18)基因的重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-P1-2A-3C和rFPV-3C-P1-2A-IL-18间隔2周免疫豚鼠3次,进行特异性抗体、中和抗体、淋巴细胞增殖、淋巴细胞亚类数量、IFN-γ、攻毒保护以及体内分布研究。重组鸡痘病毒可有效刺激豚鼠产生特异性抗体、中和抗体、T淋巴细胞亚类数量、IFN-γ分泌均显著高于对照组;重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-3C-P1-2A-IL-18的T淋巴细胞亚类数量、T淋巴细胞转化和IFN-γ分泌高于重组病毒rFPV-P1-2A-3C免疫组;2个重组病毒的攻毒保护率分别为4/5、3/5。2个重组病毒在接种最早12h可检测到重组病毒的基因,最晚7d可检测到重组病毒的基因。结果表明重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-P1-2A-3C和rFPV-3C-P1-2A-IL-18具有良好的免疫原性,可以有效抵御病毒的攻击,体内残留时间短,对免疫动物安全,为开发、应用新型FMDV疫苗奠定了基础。     

尼帕病毒病研究进展

尼帕病毒病是近几年才发现的一种严重危害畜牧业和人类健康的传染病,已引起重大的经济损失和人员死亡。本文结合最新研究材料,简要介绍了该病的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、发病机理、病理变化以及诊断和防治,旨在防患未然。     

Histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in two white-tailed deer fawns persistently infected with Bovine viral diarrhea virus.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important pathogen of domestic cattle. Serologic, experimental, and individual case studies explored the presence and pathogenesis of the virus in wild ungulates; however, there remain large gaps in knowledge regarding BVDV infection in nonbovine species. Live twins were born from a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) doe infected with noncytopathic BVDV during its first trimester of pregnancy. The twins died at 1 day of age from trauma unrelated to the infection, and tissues were collected for histologic and immunohistochemical examination. The most significant histologic abnormality was diffuse depletion of B-lymphocytes in both fawns. The BVDV antigen was distributed widely throughout many tissues and cell types, most notably epithelium and vascular endothelium, consistent with that reported in cattle. In contrast to cattle, lymphocytes exhibited only very rare positive staining.     

A guinea pig model of low-dose Mycobacterium bovis aerogenic infection

In order to develop a model of Mycobacterium bovis infection with pathogenetical relevance, a modified version of the Henderson apparatus was used to deliver infectious aerosols directly to the snouts of guinea pigs. Aerosols generated from 10(6), 10(7), 10(8)CFU/ml M. bovis suspensions established disease in every animal, with estimated retained doses of 10, 100, 1000 CFU, respectively. For comparison, other guinea pigs were inoculated with 100 CFU M. bovis intramuscularly (i.m.). Pathology and bacterial colonisation of lungs and spleen varied according to the dose and route of inoculation. Animals inoculated i.m. gave a significant cutaneous tuberculin hypersensitivity reaction earlier after testing than those infected aerogenically. A serological response to M. bovis antigens was detected in all infected animals. Intensity of antigen recognition was dose-dependent and although the range of antigens recognised varied between animals, a 25 kDa antigen present in the cell fraction was serodominant. Thus, a reproducible guinea pig model has been defined that may be suitable for virulence, vaccination, and immunological studies.