CONTENT OF INOSITOL PHOSPHATES IN SOME ENGLISH AND NIGERIAN SOILS

The mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexaphosphates of inositpl accounted for between 11·2 and 30·4 per cent of the organic P in three English and four Nigerian soils. M yoinositol hexaphosphate was the component present in greatest amount in all soils. The lower esters (mono-, di-, and triphosphates) accounted for less than 3 per cent of the organic P in all soils, with the lowest amounts in the soils from Nigeria. For the penta- and hexaphosphates the ratio of myo- plus dl- isomers to scyll oinositol varied from 2·9 to over 10, the highest ratio occurring in the soils from Nigeria. Examination of the techniques showed that they gave approximately correct estimates of the inositol phosphates. The organic P in soil which was not estimated as inositol phosphate occurred in other forms.     

CONTENT OF INOSITOL PENTA- AND HEXAPHOSPHATES IN SOME CANADIAN SOILS

The combined amounts of inositol penta- and hexaphosphates in a number of Canadian soils of differing origin have been measured. The esters were precipitated as barium salts from alkali extracts and purified by anion-exchange chromatography; their identity was confirmed by paper-partition chromatography. An alternative method involving precipitation of the esters as ferric salts in acid medium was found to give much lower values, probably because of incomplete precipitation. Values for eighteen surface soils ranged from 20 to 71 and for twelve subsoils from 18 to 43 ppm P. The amounts found were related to the contents of both total phosphate and total organic phosphate, and accounted, on average, for 6 per cent of the former and 17 per cent of the latter. A correlation of +0.67 (P < 0.01) was found with orthophosphate retention capacity but correlations with soil N and C contents were poor. Amounts of the esters were higher in forest soils than in grassland soils.     

OCCURRENCE OF INOSITOL PHOSPHATES AND OTHER ORGANIC PHOSPHATE COMPONENTS IN AN ORGANIC COMPLEX

A calcareous organic soil was extracted by shaking with Na⁺-resin suspended in 0·2M acetyl acetone at pH 8·3. Fractionation of the fulvic acid on Sephadex G 25 gave (a) a high molecular-weight component which contained inositol tetraand hexa-phosphates and a sugar phosphate; (b) low molecular-weight components which included the mono-, di-, and triphosphate esters of inositol and two sugar phosphates, but no free inositol phosphates. Inositol phosphates and sugar phosphates accounted for 30·2 per cent and 16·6 per cent of the soil organic P respectively. Our evidence indicates that these phosphate esters exist in an organic complex.     

几种有机酸对土壤中磷活动性的增强效应

由富营养化导致的地表水和地下水水质的恶化是当今全球关注的主要环境问题之一。富营养化主要是由于磷在地表径流、生活污泥和流向地表水和地下水体的土壤渗滤液中的迁移。近年来随着大量的有机废弃物在土壤中的应用,磷在土壤表层和亚表层中的活动性显著增加[1～3]。这不仅归结     

THE DISTRIBUTION OF IRON, MANGANESE, AND SCOTLAND ALUMINIUM IN SOME SOILS FROM NORTH-EAST SCOTLAND

Twenty-four soils from north-east Scotland have been subjected to differential extraction techniques to determine the effect of hydromorphism on various Fe, Mn, and A1 fractions. There were pronounced losses of dithionite-extractable Fe and Mn from gleyed horizons, but the 'silicate-Fe’fraction appeared to be relatively unaffected. The oxalate-extractable Fe and A1 fractions also decreased in response to gleying. The ratio of the oxalate- to dithionite-extractable Fe fractions (Fe₀/Fe_d) increased in gleyed horizons, presumably due to variations in the rate of ageing and crystallization of amorphous Fe oxides and hydroxides.     

我国菜园土壤中某些重金属元素的含量与分布

本文对我国各主要起源母土上发育的厚熟土、不同熟化程度的菜园土以及相对应的粮田土壤３７个剖面中某些重金属元素的全量及有效态含量进行了研究，结果表明：菜园土壤随种菜历史的延长、熟化程度的增加、重金属元素Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ的含量有明显增高的趋势。元素在剖面中的分布以表层含量最高，向下递减。厚熟土由于具有较厚的熟化表层，元素全量及有效态含量在０－４０ｃｍ土层中均较高，多在过渡层之下出现突然降低的转折；中度和     

DISTRIBUTION OF SOME CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN THE SOILS OF NORTH WEST PEMBROKESHIRE

Total amounts of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Bt, Rb, Si, Y, Zr and Pb were determined in soil samples from approximately 250 profiles. Examples of automatically plotted maps show the distribution of some of these elements in topsoils and subsoils. Element distribution in the soils is related to land units based on underlying rock-type and air photograph interpretation; these units distinguish soils of different lithological and drainage status and many are dominated by a single soil subgroup. Agricultural and pollution aspects of the work are discussed. The survey indicates the present levels of the elements, and may be used as a comparison in future pollution studies.     

西藏土壤中硒的含量及分布

西藏与地球南北极相似,其生态环境基本保持着原生状态,是地球上至今受人类活动影响和污染最少的地区之一。所以,西藏是进行环境本底调查和表生地球化学研究最为理想的场所。西藏土壤中硒的含量数据,不但对进一步研究西藏高原表生环境中硒的地球化学特征,在这一地区探讨硒与克 山病的关系,防治与硒有关的地方疾病具有重要意义,而且还可以为这一地区环境监测与评价等提供基础信息和依据,也可以成为全国乃至全世界土壤硒环境背景的永久性参比资料。     

菜地土壤氮素矿化和硝化作用的特征

采用培养试验对南京郊区 6 对菜地土和水稻土的土壤 N 素矿化和硝化作用特征进行了研究。菜地土为相同类型水稻土改种蔬菜约 20 年的土壤。结果表明,培养 28 天期间,6 对供试土壤中有 4 对土壤都是菜地土壤矿化 N 量低于相同类型水稻土,其日矿化速率也低于相应的水稻土,而其他 2 对供试土壤之间无明显差异。大多数菜地土的土壤硝化率低于相应的水稻土。培养28 天时的矿化率和硝化率与土壤 pH、速效 P 呈显著相关。     

不同利用年限茶园土壤矿化、硝化作用特性

茶叶（Camellia sinensis）是重要的经济作物，茶树具有耐酸耐铝毒等特性，适合在热带亚热带的酸性土壤种植。由于茶园的施肥管理，茶树凋落物归还土壤以及根系分泌物等原因，茶园土壤随着植茶年龄的增加，土壤理化性质会发生一系列变化。如土壤pH值下降，钙、镁等盐基离子和微量元素相对缺乏，而铝、氟和多酚类物质逐渐在茶园土壤中富集，形成了非常独特的茶园土壤生态系统。     

几种水稻土不同粒级中的有机质含量和组成

土壤有机质绝大部分与土壤矿质部分结合在一起。有机质与矿质部分结合是形成土壤良好结构的必要条件,同时也是有机质本身生物学稳定性较高的一个重要原因。研究土壤中不同粒径和比重的有机-无机复合体中有机质含量和组成,将有助于更好地了解有机质在土壤发生和土壤肥力中的作用。一些研究者通过这种途径已对一些自然植被下的土壤和早地土壤进行了研究,但对水稻土这方面的研究还未见有报道。本工作的目的在于研究不同种类和不同肥力水平的水稻土各粒级中有机质的含量和组成。     

冲积平原上区域土壤质地层次的某些分布特征

本文根据冲积平原区上一个１５平方公里区域内格网化布点的大量土壤剖面质地层次的观测数据,采用地统计学方法研究区域粘土层一些指标值的空间变异结构,通过概率统计研究了区域内几种地质类型层次厚度的概率分布特征。研究结果表明,第一粘土层厚度,第一粘土层出现深度,１米内粘土层总厚度和２米内粘土层总厚度的最大相关距离均在１５００米－２０００米之间,各种类型质地层厚度的概率分布均具有对数正态分布的特点。     

大巴山区土壤中的硒和氟

以大巴山区典型早古生代地层上发育的自然土壤为对象 ,研究了大巴山区土壤中Se、F等生命元素的含量及分布规律。结果表明 :大巴山区土壤中硒、氟的平均含量分别为 6 65± 14 2 5μgg- 1和 670±451μgg- 1,远高于对照和中国土壤背景值 ;富Zn贫Fe的土壤环境有利于Se、F的富集 ;土壤中硒、氟的含量受地层分布、母岩岩性等因素的控制 ,同时 ,表生地球化学作用、生物作用以及山地剥蚀地貌也影响它们在土壤中的重新分配。     

我国主要土壤中微量元素的含量与分布初步总结

微量元素是指土壤中含量很低的化学元素,是与常量元素(或称大量元素)相对而言的.土壤中微量元素的含量范围为n×10^-4-n×10^-3%,除了锰以外,一般不超过n×10^-1%.有的微量元素是动物和植物生长和生活所必需,土壤中微量元素供给过量或过少的地区会引起植物和动物的不良反应.     

土壤氮素矿化的温度水分效应

应用一级反应动力学模型分析了不同温度、水分条件下间歇淋洗和分次提取通气培养法生成的累积净矿化氮与时间的关系。结果表明,温度对土壤氮素矿化速率常数有明显影响。间歇淋洗加砂培养的回归式为:1ogK=6.80-2497/T;不加砂培养为:1ogK＝4.19-1817／T;分次提取培养为:logK=6.47-2937／T。矿化速率常数与水分含量符合直线关系,矿化氮量随水分含量的升高而增加。温度、水分对矿化速度有明显的正交互作用。     

贵州省土壤含硒量及其分布

贵州省土壤全硒含量的范围为０．０６４－１．３２６ｍｇ／ｋｇ，平均值０．３６９ｍｇ／ｋｇ。全境土壤含硒有由北向东南和随地势下降而逐步增加的趋势。全省可划分为：１．低硒区２．中低硒区３．中硒区４．中高硒区。贵州多数地区土壤属中等含硒水平，少数土壤富硒，同时还有少量缺硒土壤分布。