马传染性贫血病毒LTR的研究进展

马传染性贫血病毒(Equine infectious anemia virus,EIAV)引起马属动物以贫血,持续感染,反复发热为特征的一种急性烈性传染病.与人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)同属反转录病毒科慢病毒属的重要成员,二者在基因组结构,复制方式和相似的蛋白种类及功能,传播方式和致病机理方面具有极高的相似性.近年来,随着HIV研究的展开带动了EIAV分子生物研究的发展,EIAV是慢病毒系统中结构最为精确的病毒,为研究人艾滋病提供了绝好的试验模型.     

马传染性贫血病毒自然感染马LTR序列分析

我国从20世纪70年代开始使用EIAV弱毒疫苗后,在全国范围内基本控制了马传贫的发生,我们从现地少数EIAV琼扩阳性马外周血中扩增并克隆了二株EIAV前病毒5'LTR序列,并与国内外毒株5'LTR序列进行了比较分析,发现中国EIAV LTR特有的特异性细胞转录因子结合基序,同时发现PEA2位点不是强毒特有的基序,在弱毒中亦发现该基序.     

马传染性贫血病毒转录调控

马传染性贫血病毒转录调控需要细胞因子，病毒蛋白及病毒RNA及DNA顺式作用元件之间复杂的相互作用，这些调控因素正在不断被发现和鉴定，并进一步研究其功能和复杂的相互作用，本文旨在阐述马传染性贫血病毒转录调控过程中涉及的各种调控因素及其相互作用机制，同时对慢病毒系统的各种调控策略进行了简单比较。     

马传染性贫血病毒p26蛋白单克隆抗体的制备

为制备马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)的单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究以原核表达并纯化的EIAV p26蛋白作为免疫原免疫8周龄的BALB/c小鼠,利用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,建立抗EIAV衣壳蛋白p26抗体的杂交瘤细胞.应用重组p26蛋白为抗原建立ELISA筛选方法,获得两株能够稳定分泌特异性MAb的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为E11和F8.经试验证明,这些抗p26MAb均能够与感染驴胎皮肤细胞的EIAV和经SDS-PAGE分离的EIAV总蛋白中的p26蛋白结合.这两株p26蛋白MAb的获得将为EIAV的检测及鉴别诊断奠定基础.     

马传染性贫血病毒受体插入型基因的原核表达

采用PCR方法扩增出马传染性贫血病毒受体(EIAVR1)插入型(INR)的基因,将INR基因分别亚克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1和pET-30a中,经PCR和双酶切鉴定以及序列测定,构建其并将其转化到大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3) 中进行表达.结果显示,在pET-30a-INR的表达量高于pGEX-INR,且经过优化表达条件,只在pET-30a-INR以部分可溶蛋白的形式表达,而pGEX-INR仍以包涵体形式表达;经Western blot检测,不同载体表达的蛋白均可被相应的小鼠单克隆抗体特异性识别,具有良好的抗原性.     

马传染性贫血病毒免疫学研究进展

马传染性贫血病病毒(equine infctious anemiavirus EIAV)导致马持续性感染和反复病毒血症,与人免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型(HIV-1)同属反转录病毒科慢病毒属,二者有很多相似的特性[2].EIAV是遗传结构最简单的慢病毒,其感染的潜伏期只有几天至几周,而且在EIAV感染过程中新的抗原变异株的出现与疾病的反复发作相关,这使EIAV有可能作为研究HIV-1分子致病机理及免疫机制的动物模型[3].     

马传染性贫血琼扩抗原生产工艺的改进

马传染性贫血病毒(Equine infectious anemia virus，EIAV)是逆转录病毒科慢病毒属的成员之一，其基因组结构与人免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型(Human innunodeficiency virus type 1，HIV-Ⅰ)相似。马传染性贫血呈世界性分布，常引起慢性感染，以发热、贫血为特征，耐过马呈隐性感染并终身带毒。20世纪70年代初期，Coggins博士建立了检测感染马血清抗体的琼脂扩散试验(AGID)，成为检测EIA的标准方法。     

马传染性贫血病毒基质蛋白p15单克隆抗体的制备

为制备抗马传染性贫病毒(EIAV)的单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究用纯化的重组EIAV基质蛋白作为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,建立了抗EIAV基质蛋白p15抗体的杂交瘤细胞.应用重组p15和EIAV总蛋白为抗原建立的ELISA以及EIAV感染细胞的间接免疫荧光法,对杂交瘤细胞进行了有限稀释法筛选,获得了7株稳定分泌抗p15抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为:1F12、1E2、1E3、4B10、4H7、5E5、4G5.这些抗p15 MAb均能与感染驴胎皮肤细胞的EIAV和经SDS-PAGE分离的EIAV总蛋白中的相应蛋白结合.抗体效价叠加实验表明,这7株MAb中含有至少3种识别不同抗原决定簇的抗体.这些p15 MAb的获得有助于对EIAV和慢病毒的深入研究.     

马传染性贫血病毒envgp90基因在实验感染马体内的遗传变异

为确定马传染性贫血病毒（ＥＩＡＶ）ｅｎｇ ｇｐ９０基因的遗传变异特性,本研究应用ＥＬＡＶ日本分离强毒株Ｐ３３７－Ｖ７０实验感染了１匹健康马,经第２次感染后,实验马未呈现临床症状,ｇｐ９０基因的核苷酸序列被直接从这匹马的外周血和肝脏所获得的前病毒ＤＮＡ扩增。     

Flow cytometric analysis of blood lymphocyte phenotypes in horses infected with the equine infectious anemia virus

Lymphocyte phenotypes were evaluated in bloodsamples taken from horses in the persistent phase EIA virus infection (n=10), from diseased controls (n=5) and from normal controls (n=10). A single animal in the acute phase of EIA was also studied. Cells were identified using flow cytometry after labelling with polyclonal antibodies to horses immunoglobulins for B-lymphocytes, or monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to CD4, CD5, CD8 and MHC Class-II antigens. In horses persistently infected with EIA virus, the percentage of CD4+T-lymphocytes is systematically reduced and the percentage of CD8+T-lymphocytes is irregular, ranging from normal to severely reduced. Most of them have low values for cells expressing class-II antigens, but high B-cell percentages. Total CD5+ cell percentages are low in all diseased horses examined compared to normal controls. The acutely-infected foal differed from the persistently infected animals in having an elevated percentage of CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and a severely reduced percentage of B-cells.BSA, bovine serum albumin; EIA, equine infectiousanemia; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; MAb, monoclonal antibody; PBL, peripheral blood lymphocytes; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBS, phosphate buffered saline.     

带有组氨酸标签的马传染性贫血病毒感染性分子克隆的构建

马传染性贫血(EIA)弱毒疫苗的广泛使用存在野毒和疫苗毒鉴别困难的问题.本研究以已构建的马传染性贫血驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株的感染性分子克隆(pOK8266)为基础,在其S2基因内引入NspV酶切位点,将人工合成的编码6个组氨酸的寡核苷酸插入NspV位点,获得带有组氨酸标签的重组质粒pOK8266-HIS.将pOK8266-HIS转染驴白细胞,将驴白细胞转染产物传至第6代时,在电镜下观察到了典型的马传染性贫血病毒粒子.提取pOK8266-HIS衍生病毒的前病毒基因组DNA,通过PCR扩增和测序表明,衍生病毒基因组中引入了6个组氨酸标签,从而获得了带有分子标志的马传染性贫血弱毒疫苗株,为野毒株和疫苗病毒的鉴别诊断奠定了基础.本研究还证明了S2基因中的插入突变并不影响马传染性贫血病毒的体外复制.     

恒河猴Tetherin蛋白对马传染性贫血病毒抑制作用的研究

Tetherin是新发现的具有限制多种病毒从细胞膜释放功能的细胞蛋白。本研究采用RT-PCR技术从恒河猴巨噬细胞中扩增Tetherin基因,将其插入真核表达载体pEF4/myc-His B中构建重组质粒pHF-Tetherin。并将其转染293T细胞,通过western blot和激光共聚焦分析Tetherin在293T细胞中的表达及亚细胞定位。将pHF-Tetherin分别与马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)或猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)假病毒粒子感染性质粒共转染293T细胞,分析Tetherin对EIAV及SIV出芽的限制作用。研究结果表明,pHF-Tetherin转染293T细胞48 h后可以检测到Tetherin的表达并定位于细胞膜,而且该蛋白具有抑制EIAV及SIV从转染细胞中出芽的生物学功能。     

Oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in horses infected with equine infectious anaemia virus

This study assesses the impact of equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) infection on the oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium of horses. Blood samples from 96 Romanian horses aged 1-25 years, were divided into different groups according to their EIAV-infection status, age, and time post-seroconversion. The effect of infection on oxidative stress was estimated by measuring enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx] and catalase), non-enzymatic antioxidants (uric acid and carotenoids), and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]). Infection modified the oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium in the horses, influencing GPx and uric acid levels (P<0.05). Time post-seroconversion also contributed to oxidative stress imbalance, exhibiting a significant influence on both SOD and MDA concentrations in the blood (P<0.05). Animal age did not have a significant influence on oxidative stress. Recently infected horses (<1 year following seroconversion), and horses >5 years old, represented the most vulnerable category in terms of oxidative stress, followed by recently infected animals <5 years old. The results of this study are novel in implicating EIAV infection in the development of oxidative stress in horses.     

Studies on equine infectious anemia virus transmission by insects

There are several factors involved in the mechanical transmission of equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus by insects. Large hematophagous insects, especially tabanids, which feed from extravascular sites (ie, pool feeding) appear to be the most efficient vectors. The biology of the host-seeking and blood-feeding behavior of the vectors are important variables that have been overlooked in the mechanical transmission of pathogens like EIA virus. The biology, population levels, and diversity of the vectors, in addition to the clinical status and proximity of EIA virus-infected horses maintained with susceptible animals are all important variables that contribute to EIA virus transmission in nature.     

Prospective study of progeny of inapparent equine carriers of equine infectious anemia virus

Progeny of a band of horses, positive by the agar-gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test for equine infectious anemia (EIA) antibody, were observed through their weaning over a 4-year period. Sentinels (AGID test-negative) were allowed to mingle with EIA-infected mares and their foals in pasture situations in an area with high populations of potential vectors. Of 27 adult sentinels, 8 (30%) seroconverted in annual rates ranging from 0% to 75%. In contrast, only 2 of 31 (6%) foals weaned became infected. Difference in infection rates between adult sentinels and foals was significant (chi 2, P less than 0.05). Possible explanations for differences included protective value of colostral immunity and differences in attractiveness to blood feeding vectors. Detectable colostral immunity to EIA virus in the AGID test persisted for 25 to 195 days, with a mean of 124 days.