15株临床分离耐药大肠杆菌耐氟喹诺酮类抗生素基因的检测与序列分析

15株动物源性耐氟喹诺酮类药物大肠杆菌进行PCR检测、测序、WDNASIS软件分析gyrA基因中的氟喹诺酮耐药决定区(QRDR)、AcrA以及编码与质粒介导的氟喹诺酮类药物耐药机制相关的qnrA、qnrB、qnrS、qepA和aac(6′)-Ib-cr基因。结果表明,15株耐药菌中,QRDR基因在其编码第72、75、83位或第87位氨基酸均发生突变;AcrA基因未检测到氨基酸的突变;qnrS、qepA和aac(6′)-Ib-cr耐药基因阳性菌各检测到1株,序列分析表明不存在氨基酸突变。QRDR基因编码的氨基酸4个位点发生突变,其中Ser83→Leu和Asp87→Asn 2个基因的突变均与文献报道的突变相同,双突变的7个菌株均表现为高度耐氟喹诺酮类抗生素,表明gyrA基因为大肠杆菌耐氟喹诺酮类抗生素的一个重要机制。高度耐氟喹诺酮类抗生素的菌株中有2株没有检测到氨基酸突变的存在,但是aac-(6′)-Ib-cr基因和qnrS检测为阳性,表明质粒介导的喹诺酮类耐药也可单独导致菌株的耐药。存有一个菌株gyrA基因编码的氨基酸发生突变Ser83→Leu,AcrA基因和qnrA、qnrB、qnrS、qepA和aac(6′...     

食源性单增李斯特菌LPXTG蛋白基因的检测

单核细胞增多性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,LM)作为四大重要食源性病原菌之一,对人类及多种畜禽健康威胁极大。LM细胞胞壁表面分布多种毒力蛋白,在感染机体过程中发挥重要作用,其中有一类至关重要的表面蛋白其C末端含有保守基序LPXTG,分选酶A能够识别基序LPXTG,共价结合到肽聚糖上,呈现在细胞表面发挥毒力作用。本试验以不同食品中分离得到的24株单增李斯特菌为试验对象,设计合成了41对预测含LPXTG基序表面蛋白的引物,利用PCR技术进行扩增,凝胶电泳成像系统检测扩增产物片段大小,计算24株食品源单增李斯特菌LPXTG基序表面蛋白的携带。结果表明,不同LM分离株LPXTG蛋白基因的携带率不同:其中仅有12.5%(3/24)的分离株携带率在85%以上;不同LPXTG蛋白基因的检出率不同,在41个检测对象中,有8个基因的检出率100%,有3个基因的检出率不足20%,Lmo1115基因在所有分离株中均未检测到。本研究对了解食品源LM分离株的LPXTG蛋白基因的分布以及探明食品源LM的致病性具有重要意义。     

耐药弯曲杆菌适应性代价研究进展

弯曲杆菌在产生耐药性之后,其生存力、稳定性、毒力可能会发生一系列的变化,即适应性发生改变。耐药菌的适应性若增强,则能在机体内占据主导优势,增加耐药菌在宿主和环境中传播的风险;若耐药菌获得了适应性代价(即适应性和生命力的下降),在各方面不敌敏感菌,则会在竞争中逐渐被清除。部分产生适应性代价的细菌通过自身的代偿突变恢复其适应性,可能会成为优势菌群,加大治疗难度。故耐药菌与敏感菌的竞争力决定了其在宿主体内或环境中的存在和繁殖能力,也决定了宿主疾病的发展与转归。弯曲杆菌作为一种引起临床多种动物包括人类患病的致病菌,其耐药性引起了人们的关注,其适应性分析更是人们研究的热点。本文对近年来耐药弯曲杆菌的适应性进行了综述,旨在为控制耐药弯曲杆菌的扩散转移和耐药性管理决策提供理论依据和参考。     

Molecular tools for the characterisation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

This review will discuss a number of molecular tools which are currently used as well as some innovative approaches for the characterisation of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Various methods involved in the detection and characterisation of genes and mutations associated with antibiotic resistance and that are used for strain typing as part of epidemiological studies, are described. Furthermore, a few examples are discussed in which the results of both gene and strain characterisation are combined to investigate the underlying mechanism of the spread of antibiotic resistance. Some of the available molecular techniques are heavily supported by the existence of databases on the Internet. These databases either contain a fast growing amount of sequence information or a large number of allelic or fingerprint profiles. The current progress in applied DNA technology and the ongoing projects on the elucidation of the whole genomic sequence of bacterial species have lead and will further lead to the development and application of sophisticated new strategies for the analysis of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains.     

Detection of differentially regulated genes in ischaemic equine intestinal mucosa

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Colic is a serious disease syndrome in horses. Much of the mortality is associated with ischaemic-injured intestine during strangulating obstruction, yet there is limited understanding of the associated molecular events. Identification of differentially expressed genes during ischaemic injury should expand our understanding of colic and may lead to novel targeted therapeutic approaches in the future. OBJECTIVE: To isolate and identify differentially expressed genes in equine jejunum following a 2 h ischaemic event compared to normally perfused jejunum. METHODS: Suppressive subtractive hybridisation was used to clone genes that are differentially expressed in equine jejunum injured by 2 h of complete ischaemia as compared to time-matched control jejunal tissues. Expression of selected clones was further evaluated by northern blot analysis. RESULTS: Of the 384 clones selected, 157 were confirmed to possess cDNAs corresponding differentially expressed genes by dot blot analysis. Two genes, fatty acid binding protein 2 and calcium-activated chloride channel 4 were further confirmed to be differentially expressed by northern blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Suppressive subtractive hybridisation can be used to detect changes in expression of a broad array of genes, as confirmed by northern blot analysis of selected genes. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: These initial results have identified a pool of equine intestinal epithelial genes that are differentially expressed following a 2 h ischaemic event. In particular, genes indicative of deranged metabolic activity and those potentially involved in early repair events were identified and may ultimately provide clues as to the nature of epithelial ischaemic injury in horses.     

Characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in rendered animal products.

Antibiotics are used in food animal production to treat diseases and also to improve performance. Antibiotics are not used on all farms, and antibiotic resistance is occasionally found on farms that do not use antibiotics. Rendered animal protein products are often included in poultry feeds and could potentially serve as a source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. One hundred sixty-five rendered animal protein products from cattle, poultry, and fish were aseptically collected from poultry feed mills. Fifty-five percent of the poultry meal samples had detectable levels of gram-negative bacteria ranging from 40 to 10,440 colony-forming units/g of sample. Poultry meal and meat and bone meal had the greatest number of samples with bacteria resistant to five or more antibiotics. A high percentage of feed samples (85%) contained bacteria resistant to amoxicillin, ampicillin, clavulanic acid, or cephalothin, whereas few samples contained bacteria resistant to ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Citrobacter freundii, and Enterobacter cloacae were the most commonly isolated antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Isolation for Salmonella was also performed, with 14% of the meat and bone meal samples containing Salmonella sp. Only one of the meat and bone meal isolates, Salmonella livingstone, was resistant to five or more antibiotics. Many of the antibiotic-resistant bacteria contained integrons, genetic elements that mediate multiple drug resistance.     

Emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella agona in horses in Kentucky

Eighty-seven of 283 isolates of salmonellae recovered from horses in Kentucky by the Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center from July 1, 1980 through June 30, 1984 were Salmonella agona. No isolations of S agona were made from Jan 1, 1972 through June 30, 1980. Salmonella agona was isolated from horses on 56 farms and most of the isolations were made in the spring. All age classes of horses were involved. Clinical forms of salmonellosis observed were diarrhea, septicemia, infertility, and abortion. Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined for 83 of the 87 isolates, and 79 were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents, including chloramphenicol and gentamicin.