Construction of large DNA segments in Escherichia coli

Recombinant DNA clones containing large pieces of DNA are useful in the study of large genetic units, but these are difficult to make in most bacterial cloning vectors. A strategy is described that uses general and site-specific recombination to construct large pieces of eukaryotic DNA from smaller cloned segments. The large clones are propagated on F factor-based plasmids in Escherichia coli. They can be easily modified to introduce mutations or rearrangements. These techniques were applied to the construction of large DNA segments from the bithorax complex of Drosophila.     

Osmotic pools in Escherichia coli

Osmotically sensitive pools in Escherichia coli are released by treatment with warm water without loss in viability or of cytoplasmic components. The rates of protein release are linear and are inversely dependent on the osmolarity of the medium, and only discrete amounts are released. These pools, which are thought to be periplasmic and mesosomal, are stabilized with magnesium ions; material released in the presence of these ions may have been localized outside of these pools at the cell surface.     

浅谈鸡大肠杆菌病的防控

随着集约化养鸡业的发展,由于养鸡数量的增加而缺乏科学的饲养管理制度和优良品质的饲料,造成环境污染严重、鸡的机体免疫力下降、肠道菌群破坏严重及二重感染等,再加上鸡大肠杆菌本身的血清型复杂多样,最终造成鸡大肠杆菌病的常发、多发、易发、难治、难控及其因此而造成的严重经济损失等.由此,我们把多年来的临床经历给予归纳总结出关于鸡大肠杆菌病的发病原因和控制措施,以利同行有所借鉴,提高养鸡效益,减少经济损失.     

Assembly of a functional immunoglobulin Fv fragment in Escherichia coli

An expression system was developed that allows the production of a completely functional antigen-binding fragment of an antibody in Escherichia coli. The variable domains of the phosphorylcholine-binding antibody McPC603 were secreted together into the periplasmic space, where protein folding as well as heterodimer association occurred correctly. Thus, the assembly pathway for the Fv fragment in E. coli is similar to that of a whole antibody in the eukaryotic cell. The Fv fragment of McPC603 was purified to homogeneity with an antigen-affinity column in a single step. The correct processing of both signal sequences was confirmed by amino-terminal protein sequencing. The functionality of the recombinant Fv fragment was demonstrated by equilibrium dialysis. These experiments showed that the affinity constant of the Fv fragment is identical to that of the native antibody McPC603, that there is one binding site for phosphorylcholine in the Fv fragment, and that there is no inactive protein in the preparation. This expression system should facilitate future protein engineering experiments on antibodies.     

鸭大肠杆菌药敏试验研究

新疆米泉某鸭场12日龄雏鸭大量发病死亡,根据临床症状、病理变化、细菌分离鉴定,确诊为鸭大肠杆菌病。对该菌的18种临床常用抗菌药物进行药敏试验,结果表明:头孢唑林、诺氟沙星对分离菌株敏感性最好,抑菌圈直径为20～21 mm;链霉素、恩诺沙星中等敏感;硫酸新霉素低敏感;其余药物不敏感。     

Isoprenoid pathway optimization for Taxol precursor overproduction in Escherichia coli

Taxol (paclitaxel) is a potent anticancer drug first isolated from the Taxus brevifolia Pacific yew tree. Currently, cost-efficient production of Taxol and its analogs remains limited. Here, we report a multivariate-modular approach to metabolic-pathway engineering that succeeded in increasing titers of taxadiene--the first committed Taxol intermediate--approximately 1 gram per liter (~15,000-fold) in an engineered Escherichia coli strain. Our approach partitioned the taxadiene metabolic pathway into two modules: a native upstream methylerythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway forming isopentenyl pyrophosphate and a heterologous downstream terpenoid-forming pathway. Systematic multivariate search identified conditions that optimally balance the two pathway modules so as to maximize the taxadiene production with minimal accumulation of indole, which is an inhibitory compound found here. We also engineered the next step in Taxol biosynthesis, a P450-mediated 5α-oxidation of taxadiene to taxadien-5α-ol. More broadly, the modular pathway engineering approach helped to unlock the potential of the MEP pathway for the engineered production of terpenoid natural products.     

Public information and breeding habitat selection in a wild bird population

According to the "public information" hypothesis, some animal species may monitor the current reproductive success of conspecifics to assess local habitat quality and to choose their own subsequent breeding site. To test this hypothesis experimentally, we manipulated two components of public information, the mean number of offspring raised locally ("quantity") and their condition ("quality"), in the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis. Immigration rate decreased with local offspring quantity but did not depend on local offspring quality, suggesting that immigrants are deprived of information regarding local quality. Conversely, emigration rate increased both when local offspring quantity or quality decreased, suggesting that residents can use both components of public information.     

大肠杆菌与葡萄球菌实时定量PCR检测方法的建立

为探索减毒胞内侵袭菌介导的粘膜免疫对宿主动物胃肠道微生态的影响,以大肠杆菌与葡萄球菌16 S rRNA基因拷贝数为研究对象,采用实时定量技术(Real-time PCR)对2种细菌进行定量检测,建立大肠杆菌与葡萄球菌数量快速检测方法.结果表明:扩增出的2种细菌核苷酸序列与GenBank上已知目的菌种同源性为100%,构建的2条标准曲线相关系数均接近1,误差较小,熔解曲线显示均成单一峰值.成功构建了大肠杆菌与葡萄球菌实时定量PCR标准曲线,可为进一步研究减毒沙门氏菌介导的粘膜免疫奠定基础.     

A linear pentapeptide is a quorum-sensing factor required for mazEF-mediated cell death in Escherichia coli

mazEF is a toxin-antitoxin module located on many bacterial chromosomes, including those of pathogens. Here, we report that Escherichia coli mazEF-mediated cell death is a population phenomenon requiring a quorum-sensing molecule that we call the extracellular death factor (EDF). Structural analysis revealed that EDF is a linear pentapeptide, Asn-Asn-Trp-Asn-Asn. Each of the five amino acids of EDF is important for its activity.     

Contact-dependent inhibition of growth in Escherichia coli

Bacteria have developed mechanisms to communicate and compete with each other for limited environmental resources. We found that certain Escherichia coli, including uropathogenic strains, contained a bacterial growth-inhibition system that uses direct cell-to-cell contact. Inhibition was conditional, dependent upon the growth state of the inhibitory cell and the pili expression state of the target cell. Both a large cell-surface protein designated Contact-dependent inhibitor A (CdiA) and two-partner secretion family member CdiB were required for growth inhibition. The CdiAB system may function to regulate the growth of specific cells within a differentiated bacterial population.     

Mutagenesis in Escherichia coli by visible light

Mutation to resistance to bacteriophage T5 in continuous cultures of Escherichia coli was induced by visible light (wavelength longer than 408 nanometers) and by black light (300 to 400 nanometers). Mutation rates more than 18 times greater than the spontaneous rate (no light) were obtained with moderate, nonlethal intensities of visible light. Mutation rates for both visible and black light were proportional to irradiance.     

毛白杨遗传作图最适分离群体的选择

该研究以毛白杨及其杂种毛新杨和银白杨与腺杨的杂种银腺杨为材料 ,利用控制授粉杂交和种子组织培养技术相结合制备了 3个规模较大的遗传作图群体 .在此基础上 ,采用扩增性片段长度多态性 (AmplifiedFragmentLengthPolymorphisms,AFLPs)标记技术对这些作图群体的亲本进行了多态性检测 ,结果表明 :8对EcoRⅠ MseⅠ引物组合在毛新杨无性系TB0 1×毛白杨无性系LM5 0作图群体亲本间的多态性水平最高 ,平均可检测到 2 0个多态性位点 .结合对子代在田间表型性状分离情况 ,选取了该分离群体作为构建毛白杨遗传连锁图的作图群体 .并利用AFLP技术对随机抽取的 12 0株子代个体进行了基因型检测 ,10对AFLP引物组合在作图亲本间共检测到 197个多态性位点 ,其中有 15 8个位点在P <0 0 1水平上符合 1∶1孟德尔期望分离比 ,占多态性位点总数的 80 2 % ,选取该群体作为构建毛白杨遗传连锁图的作图群体是合适的     

蚓激酶基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

[目的]实现蚓激酶基因在大肠杆菌中的高效表达。[方法]采用RT-PCR技术,以含蚓激酶基因的质粒pMD18-Tf3为模板进行RT-PCR扩增,克隆了蚓激酶基因Tfc,并进行测序,之后将蚓激酶基因Tfc克隆到大肠杆菌表达载体pBV220,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,用LB培养基于30℃培养24 h后,然后调温至42℃继续培养2 h诱导蚓激酶基因表达,收集菌体,进行SDS-PAGE电泳,利用纤维平板法检验蚓激酶的活性。[结果]测序发现该基因全长729 bp,共编码243个氨基酸,GenBank登录号为EU167735。SDS-PAGE电泳表明诱导表达后菌体总蛋白在28 kD处有一特异性条带,而含空质粒pBV220的大肠杆菌经诱导表达后无该条带,表达蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在,无纤维蛋白酶活性。[结论]该研究为创新蚓激酶的生产工艺提供了依据。     

大肠杆菌感受态细胞保存条件的研究

研究了保存时间、温度和抗冻剂对大肠杆菌感受态细胞保存的影响。结果表明：在4℃-、40℃、-70℃条件下,大肠杆菌感受态细胞转化效率在保存前期随保存时间增加呈上升趋势,转化效率在第1天或第7天达到最大值,此后随保存时间增加而呈下降趋势;在保存前期,保存于4℃的大肠杆菌感受态细胞转化效率高于保存在-70℃、-40℃的大肠杆菌感受态细胞的转化效率,在保存后期低于保存在-70℃、-40℃的大肠杆菌感受态细胞的转化效率;在相同保存温度和保存时间下,保存在甘油的大肠杆菌感受态细胞转化效率高于保存在DMSO的大肠杆菌感受态细胞的转化效率。     

Altered ribosomal protein in streptomycin-dependent Escherichia coli

We have compared the 30S ribosomal proteins of strains of Escherichia coli sensitive to and dependent on streptomycin and identified a single protein that is functionally altered in the ribosomes dependent on streptomycin. This protein (30S-15) is the same protein that is functionally altered in ribosomes resistant to streptomycin.     

Requirement for signal peptide cleavage of Escherichia coli prolipoprotein

Oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis was applied to alter the cleavage site in the signal peptide of the major outer membrane lipoprotein of Escherichia coli. Replacing the glycine residue at the cleavage site with an alanine residue did not affect the processing of the signal peptide. However, when the same cleavage site was constructed by the deletion of the glycine residue, the signal peptide was no longer cleaved. These results indicate that stringent structural integrity at the cleavage site in the lipoprotein signal sequence is required for correct processing of prolipoprotein.     

Cleaving yeast and Escherichia coli genomes at a single site

The 15-megabase pair Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the 4.7-megabase pair Escherichia coli genomes were completely cleaved at a single predetermined site by means of the Achilles' heel cleavage (AC) procedure. The symmetric lac operator (lacOs) was introduced into the circular Escherichia coli genome and into one of the 16 yeast chromosomes. Intact chromosomes from the resulting strains were prepared in agarose microbeads and methylated with Hha I (5'-GCGC) methyltransferase (M.Hha I) in the presence of lac repressor (LacI). All Hae II sites (5'-[sequence: see text]) with the exception of the one in lacOs, which was protected by LacI, were modified and thus no longer recognized by Hae II. After inactivation of M.Hha I and LacI, Hae II was used to completely cleave the chromosomes specifically at the inserted lacOs. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using the AC approach to efficiently extend the specificity of naturally occurring restriction enzymes and create new tools for the mapping and precise molecular dissection of multimegabase genomes.