感染堆形艾美球虫的鸡血清生化指标检测

将36只24日龄AA鸡分为3组，I组每只鸡感染堆形艾美球虫（Eimeria acervulina）孢子化卵囊70万个，Ⅱ组每只鸡感染20万个，Ⅲ组为不感染对照组。对3组试验鸡分别在感染前和感染后4d、7d采心血，分离血清后检测10项生化指标。结果，血清葡萄糖含量和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性在感染前后没有显著差异（P＞0．05）；血清总蛋白、白蛋白、甘油三酯含量和酸性磷酸酶活性在4d和7d均显著下降（P＜0．05），其中Ⅱ组鸡的甘油三酯含量在4d所降的幅度显著大于I组（P＜0．05）；球蛋白、尿酸含量和碱性磷酸酶活性在4d都显著升高（P＜0．05），7d时I组鸡的碱性磷酸酶活性仍显著高于感染前测定值（P＜0．05），而球蛋白和尿酸含量均出现回落；I组鸡的胆碱酯酶活性在7d显著升高（P＜0．05），II组的胆碱酯酶活性在4d和7d均显著升高（P＜0．05）。     

植物乳杆菌对感染肠毒性大肠杆菌断奶猪生长性能、绒毛形态及粪微生物含量的影响

文章旨在探讨日粮添加植物乳杆菌对感染肠毒性大肠杆菌断奶猪生长性能、绒毛高度及粪微生物含量的影响。试验选择21 d断奶、平均体重为（6.31±0.03）kg的仔猪525头,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复35头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,感染组和植物乳杆菌组断奶仔猪饲喂基础日粮,在15 d时通过口服接种2 mL/头肠毒性大肠杆菌（106 CFU/mL）,植物乳杆菌组15～28 d饲喂基础日粮+1×108CFU/kg植物乳杆菌。结果：对照组断奶后28 d仔猪体重显著高于感染组（P＜0.05）,同时,对照组和植物乳杆菌组断奶后15～28 d仔猪平均日增重、饲料报酬及1～28 d饲料报酬均显著高于感染组（P＜0.05）。与感染组相比,对照组和植物乳杆菌组断奶后28 d仔猪的腹泻率分别显著降低36.43%和31.35%（P＜0.05）。对照组十二指肠绒毛高度较感染组显著提高7.41%（P＜0.05）,而对照组和植物乳杆菌组空肠绒毛高度较感染组分别显著提高7.72%和6.25%（P＜0.05）。感染组仔猪感染肠毒性大肠杆菌7 d后粪中大肠杆菌数量较对照组显著提高11.45%（P＜0.05）,感染肠毒性大肠杆菌14 d后粪中大肠杆菌数较对照组和植物乳杆菌组分别显著提高12.29%和10.57%（P＜0.05）。与感染组相比,植物乳杆菌组仔猪感染肠毒性大肠杆菌7 d后粪中乳酸杆菌数量显著提高2.99%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本试验条件下,日粮添加植物乳杆菌可以降低肠毒性大肠杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能的抑制作用,改善空肠绒毛高度。 [关键词]植物乳杆菌|大肠杆菌|断奶仔猪|生长性能|绒毛形态|微生物     

浓缩单宁对感染线虫病绵羊生长性能和养分利用的影响

本研究评估了日粮添加富含浓缩单宁的树叶粉对感染线虫病绵羊采食量、营养利用和生产性能的影响。试验选择年龄一致、平均体重为（25.05±1.50）kg的绵羊36只，随机分为3组，每组6个重复，每个重复2头，其中24头绵羊感染同一剂量的线虫（2000个）。试验绵羊分为对照组、感染组和单宁组（感染组日粮+1.5%树叶粉），试验时间为90?d。结果：与对照组和感染组相比，单宁组显著降低了浓缩料摄入量（P＜0.05），而感染组和单宁组粗蛋白质和粗脂肪消化率显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。单宁组较对照组显著降低了尿氮排泄量（P＜0.05），对照组与单宁组较感染组显著降低了氮沉积量（P＜0.05），而氮沉积/摄入量显著高于感染组（P＜0.05）。试验30?d后血红蛋白和红细胞体积显著降低（P＜0.05），而试验30、60和90?d后，对照组、感染组和单宁组嗜酸性粒细胞占比依次显著升高（P＜0.05）。所有试验动物在试验90?d时血清谷草转氨酶活性显著升高（P＜0.05），与对照和感染组相比，单宁组显著降低了血清尿素水平（P＜0.05）。结论：在感染线虫病绵羊日粮中添加1.5%浓缩单宁对氮沉积、血液参数有改善作用。 [关键词]浓缩单宁|线虫病|绵羊|生长性能|养分利用     

植物提取物对感染产肠毒性大肠杆菌仔猪生长性能、粪便特性及肠道健康的影响

文章旨在评估基础日粮补充植物提取物对感染产肠毒性大肠杆菌仔猪断奶后3周生长性能、粪便特征及肠道健康的影响。试验将432头21 d断奶、平均体重为6.12 kg的仔猪随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复18头。断奶后前1周,各组断奶仔猪饲喂基础日粮,在断奶第7天,感染组和植物提取物组仔猪通过口服接种4×109 CFU/头产肠毒性大肠杆菌,对照组不做任何处理。之后对照组、感染组分别饲喂基础日粮,植物提取物组仔猪饲喂基础日粮+200 mg/kg植物提取物,试验从断奶当天开始持续3周。结果：断奶后3周感染组仔猪体重、15～21 d和1～21 d平均日增重显著低于对照组和植物提取物组（P＜0.05）,而料重比显著提高（P＜0.05）。同时,感染组仔猪15～21 d平均日增重显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,料重比显著提高（P＜0.05）。粪便评分0～1%时,感染组和植物提取物组仔猪在感染后7 d显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,同时,感染组仔猪在感染后14 d也显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。粪便评分大于1%时,感染组仔猪在感染后7 d表现最高（P＜0.05）,同时感染组仔猪在感染后14 d也显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。对照组与植物提取物组对仔猪断奶后3周十二指肠绒毛高度的影响无显著差异（P＞0.05）,但对照组十二指肠绒毛高度较感染组显著提高15.85%（P＜0.05）,同时,对照组和植物提取物组断奶仔猪空肠绒毛高度较感染组分别显著提高11.73%和9.93%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本研究环境条件下,仔猪断奶后1周感染产肠毒性大肠杆菌会提高腹泻率,降低十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度,进而对日增重和饲料效率产生负面作用,日粮补充200 mg/kg植物提取物可以缓解肠毒性大肠杆菌对仔猪断奶后前3周的生长抑制作用。 [关键词]植物提取物|产肠毒大肠杆菌|断奶仔猪|生长性能|粪便特性|肠道健康     

京海黄鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫抗性指标的研究简

为进一步筛选有效的鸡球虫病抗性评价指标,并为后续鸡球虫抗性评价体系的建立及鸡球虫抗病育种提供依据,试验将京海黄鸡分为感染和非感染对照2个组,感染组每只雏鸡灌饲2.5×10⁴个柔嫩艾美尔球虫卵囊,用酶联免疫检测法测定10个球虫抗性血液指标。结果显示,①感染后第3天感染组和非感染对照组的临床表现和各项指标差异均不明显,表明感染后这一阶段无法用现有指标检测到显著变化;②感染后3～5 d感染组鸡体增重为负,且感染组和非感染对照组相比差异极显著（P＜0.01）,表明感染后3～5 d的变化最为剧烈;③感染后8 d IFN-γ浓度显著低于非感染对照组（P＜0.05）;丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽—过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）浓度均有不同程度提高,且感染组与非感染对照组SOD浓度差异显著（P＜0.05）,其余3个指标均差异极显著（P＜0.01）;④白细胞介素2(IL-2)、IL-16、IL-17、一氧化氮（NO）、β-胡萝卜素（β-C）浓度感染组和非感染对照组相比差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。结果表明,感染后3～5 d内的体增重,CAT、GSH-Px、MDA、SOD 4种抗氧化酶及IFN-γ细胞因子在血浆中的浓度可作为鸡球虫抗性评价指标。     

单诺沙星脂质体对人工感染鸡毒支原体鸡治疗试验

单诺沙星脂质体是用于治疗鸡毒支原体病的肺靶向长效制剂。本试验通过滴鼻、点眼及气囊注射方式对10日龄健康海兰蛋雏鸡进行人工感染鸡毒支原体,采用随机分组法分成6组,即脂质体高、中、低剂量组;原粉对照组;感染对照组(感染不给药)和健康对照组(不感染不给药),每组40只。采用混饮给药方式对发病鸡进行治疗试验。结果表明,当饮水中药物浓度为100、50、25 mg/L时,连用5 d,对感染鸡有明显疗效。与感染对照组比较,单诺沙星脂质体可显著降低感染鸡群的血清抗体反应阳性率,减轻气囊损伤程度,并提高治愈率、有效率及增重率(P0.01);其中100、50 mg/L剂量组治愈率(分别为85.7%,82.1%)与原粉对照组(65.0%)比较,差异显著(P0.05),临床推荐按50 mg/L剂量混饮给药,连用5 d。     

磷酸替米考星可溶性粉对人工感染鸡毒支原体的临床疗效试验

为研究测定磷酸替米考星可溶性粉对鸡慢性呼吸道病的治疗效果,试验设计三个剂量组进行饮水给药治疗人工感染鸡毒支原体（MGs6）实验鸡,对照药物为替米考星可溶性粉。试验结果表明,磷酸替米考星可溶性粉高（1g／L）、中（0．75g／L）剂量组以及对照药物均能显著降低发病死亡率、减少气囊病变率,并提高相对增重率（P〈0．05）。据此,推荐最佳临床治疗用法为：剂量0．75g／L,连续饮水给药3d。     

延胡索酸泰妙菌素对支原体和大肠杆菌混合感染的治疗试验

以人工诱发鸡毒支原体和大肠杆菌混合感染为模型,以酒石酸泰乐菌素为对照药物,评价了延胡索酸泰妙菌素的疗效.按每1 L水中分别加入312.5、468、625 mg延胡索酸泰妙菌素及500 mg酒石酸泰乐菌素的用量给病鸡饮水给药,连用5 d.试验表明,用药组的成活率、日增重、料肉比、气囊损伤度与感染对照组比较差异极显著(P＜0.01);延胡索酸泰妙菌素大剂量组日增重与小剂量组比较差异显著(P＜0.05),与其他各用药组比较差异极显著(P＜0.01),料肉比与其他各用药组比较差异极显著(P＜0.01);酒石酸泰乐菌素组的料肉比与延胡索酸泰妙菌素小剂量组比较差异不显著(P＞0.05);而与其他各组比较差异极显著(P＜0.01).数据分析表明,延胡索酸泰妙菌素大剂量组能有效地降低气囊损伤度,提高饲料转化率.     

金荞麦口服液对实验性鸡支原体感染的疗效研究

以实验性鸡支原体感染鸡为模型，采用不同剂量的金荞麦口服液进行了治疗效果研究。1．5％、1．0％剂量组的相对增重率显著高于感染对照组（P〈0．01），所有用药组的治愈率均显著高于感染对照组（P〈0．01），与药物对照组差异不显著（P〉0．05），各组之间的死亡率差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结果表明，金荞麦口服液连用5d，对鸡支原体感染有一定的治疗效果。     

蓝黄青口服液对鸡传染性喉气管炎疫苗免疫的影响

为测定蓝黄青口服液(LHQY)对鸡传染性喉气管炎(ILT)免疫以及红细胞免疫力的影响,试验分为4组,分别为对照组、LHQY(浓度为1∶1500)饮水组、鸡传染性喉气管炎和鸡痘基因工程活载体疫苗免疫组和二者同时给予组.结果显示,LHQY给药后3d就能极显著提高健康鸡的RBC-CR1花环率和RBC-IC花环率(P＜0.01),并且这种作用效果可以持续20d以上;与疫苗同用,RBC-CR1花环率和RBC-IC花环率均显著或极显著高于健康对照组和疫苗组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).进行攻毒保护试验,发现LHQY用药组的RBC-CR1花环率和RBC-IC花环率均极显著高于感染对照组(P＜0.01),LHQY与疫苗混合使用这两种花环率也极显著高于感染对照组(P＜0.01),并整体高于疫苗组.说明蓝黄青口服液能显著提高鸡红细胞免疫功能,对ILT有很好的预防和治疗作用.     

替米考星用于鸡毒支原体和大肠杆菌混合感染的临床试验

试验以人工诱发鸡毒支原体和大肠杆菌混合感染为模型,以酒石酸泰乐菌素为对照药物,评价替米考星溶液的疗效。按每升水加入400m g、200m g、100m g替米考星及500m g酒石酸泰乐菌素的用量给病鸡饮水给药,连用5天。试验表明:替米考星大剂量和中剂量组料肉比与药物对照差异不显著(P>0.05),与其余各组差异极显著(P<0.01)。大剂量组与中剂量组气囊损伤评分与其他各组比较差异极显著(P<0.01),表明大、中剂量均能明显减轻支原体和大肠杆菌混合感染引起的气囊损伤。大剂量和中剂量组的死亡率与药物对照组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05),与其余各组相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。从治愈率来看,大剂量组中剂量组与其他各组相比差异极显著(P<0.01),而小剂量组与药物对照组的治愈率相当(P>0.05)。数据分析表明:替米考星溶液中剂量组能有效地降低气囊损伤度,提高饲料转化率。     

替米考星(Tilmicosin)对鸡败血霉形体感染的药效学

以试管二倍稀释法测定替米考星 (Tilmicosin)及对照药物强力霉素、红霉素、泰乐菌素对鸡败血霉形体的最小抑菌浓度分别为 0 .0 0 6 2 5、0 .0 2 5、0 .0 2 5、0 .1m g/ L ,进行了替米考星对鸡败血霉形体的体内药效学研究。结果 ,替米考星以 5 0、75、10 0 mg/ L 饮水给药 5 d,对实验性感染鸡败血霉形体有显著疗效 ,用药组增重均显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ,并能明显减少抗体阳性反应率 ,极显著地减少气囊损伤记分 (P<0 .0 1)     

Efficacy of in-feed medication with tylosin for the treatment and control of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections

The efficacy of in-feed medication with tylosin for the treatment of enzootic pneumonia was examined in an experimental Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection model. One group of 10 conventional M. hyopneumoniae-free pigs was inoculated intratracheally with a highly virulent field isolate of M. hyopneumoniae; a second group of 10 pigs was inoculated in the same way and after 12 days was given tylosin at 100 mg/kg feed for 21 days; a third group of 10 pigs was inoculated with sterile culture medium, and these pigs were not given tylosin. The pigs were examined daily for clinical signs and each pig was given a respiratory disease score. Thirty-three days after they had been infected the pigs were euthanased, the lung lesions were quantified and samples of lung were processed for immunofluorescence testing for M. hyopneumoniae. The mean (sd) respiratory disease and lung lesion scores were significantly higher (P<0.05) in both the infected groups than in the uninfected group. Between 23 and 33 days after infection the mean respiratory disease score of the pigs treated with tylosin was 0.54 (0.22), significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of the infected pigs which were left untreated, 1.54 (0.46); similarly, their average lung lesion score, 1.72 (1.20), was significantly lower than that of the untreated pigs, 5.27 (3.85).     

Subacute Toxicity Test of the Total Flavonoids of Limonium aureum (L.)Hill.

To evaluate the safety of the total flavonoids of Limonium aureum (L.) Hill.and lay an experimental basis to study the pharmacological effects and clinical safety in the future,80 Wistarrats with same age and body weight were randomly divided into two groups (group Ⅰ,Ⅱ),and every group was divided into the high dose group (HG),medium dose group (MG),low dose group (LG) and control group (CG),respectively,of which the mice were given to the total flavonoids of Limonium aureum (L.) Hill.by gavage at the doses of 15,10 and 5 g/kg while the mice of CG were not given any medicine.The blood sample were collected and experimental indexes were measured at 10 (group Ⅰ) and 21 d (group Ⅱ).The results showed that comparing with CG,the weight gain of rats in MG and LG of group Ⅰhad no significant difference (P>0.05),and that of HG were significantly decreased (P<0.05);The weight gain of rats in LG of group Ⅱ had no significant difference (P>0.05),and that of MG and HG were significantly decreased (P<0.05);Organ indexes of experimental groups had no significant difference with CG (P>0.05);With increasing concentration of the total flavonoids of Limonium aureum (L.) Hill.,there was pathological damage to major organs and white lumps in lung and red bleeder existed in liver of rats in HG when given total flavonoids of Limonium aureum (L.) Hill.for 21 d.The results indicated that total flavonoids of Limonium aureum (L.) Hill.was low toxicity and could be safely used for animals with minding the dose was not too high.     

A comparison of the efficacy of danofloxacin and tylosin in the control of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in broiler chicks

Groups of chicks were infected with a virulent strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and treated with either danofloxacin or tylosin while one infected group was left untreated and a further group was uninfected and untreated. Control of
clinical signs and mortality was better with danofloxacin than tylosin and there
was significantly (P <0.05)greater weight gain with danofloxacin at 21 days
after infection. However ht necropsy the prevalence of lesions of the airsac walls
was similar in both groups. MG was recovered from fewer live chicks for the first
week following treatment with danofloxacin, but at 2 weeks and at necropsy, at
the termination of the experiment, it was recovered from a similar proportion of
birds in both treated groups. This was reflected also in the serological results at
the end of the trial.     

Effects of Butyrin on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Slaughter Performance,Intestinal Morphology and Microbial Flora of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of butyrin on the growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,slaughter performance,intestinal morphology and microbial flora of broilers.A total of 384 1-day-old Rose 308 broilers were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups,4 replicates per group and 24 broilers per replicate.The blank control group was fed on basal diet,the experimental groups were fed on basal diet supplemented with 250,500 and 750 g/t butyrin,respectively,which replaced 40% oil of the basal diet.The experiment lasted for 42 days.The result showed that compared with the blank control group,diets supplemented with butyrin had an promoting effect on the performance of broilers,and the middle dose group (500 g/t) was the best.The slaughter performance of supplemented groups showed a tendency to be improved,but there was no significant difference with blank control group (P>0.05);The height of duodenum and jejunum villus of middle supplemented group were significantly improved (P<0.05),and the crypt depth of supplemented groups tended to be reduced,but there was no significant difference (P>0.05);Compared with the blank control group,the apparent digestibility of crude fat and crude fiber of middle supplemented group were significantly improved (P<0.05);The amount of Escherichia coli of middle supplemented group was significantly decreased (P<0.05);And the amount of Lactobacillus was significantly improved (P<0.05).In conclusion,basal diet supplemented with butyrin could promote the growth performance,increase the nutrient digestibility,improve the intestinal morphology and microbial flora of broilers.The best supplemented level of butyrin for diets was 500 g/t.     

氟苯尼考与三甲氧苄啶水溶性粉对试验性鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效研究

为测定氟苯尼考与三甲氧苄啶(TMP)水溶性粉配伍应用对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效,将试验鸡分为健康对照组、感染对照组、氟苯尼考组和氟苯尼考与TMP配伍应用的高、中、低3个剂量组。经对比治疗,试验结果表明,氟苯尼考与TMP配伍应用对大肠杆菌病的疗效(极)显著优于其他对照组,其中以中、高剂量组最明显,但3个剂量组间无显著差异,最佳配伍比例为5∶1,药物浓度为50μg/mL,即每毫升药液中含氟苯尼考42μg,TMP为8μg。     

双黄连注射液治疗母畜子宫内膜炎的临床试验

临床选取自然发生子宫内膜炎的猪只236头，羊241只，牛180头。将发病母畜随机分为高、中、低剂量组，药物对照组和阳性对照组，分别采用肌肉注射和子宫灌注两种给药途径交替给药，一日一次，连续3次给药后，停药观察7d。结果双黄连注射液高剂量组与中剂量组对子宫内膜炎的疗效优于化学药物对照组，差异均显著（P〈0．05）；低剂量组治疗效果与化学药物组差异不显著（P〉0．05）。双黄连注射液对家畜无毒副作用，而且还能增强家畜的抵抗力，因此可作为治疗母畜子宫内膜炎的首选药物。     

不同硒源对泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛生产性能、抗氧化性能及营养物质表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究不同硒源对泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛生产性能、抗氧化性能及营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验选取45头产奶量、胎次、泌乳日龄相近的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成3组,每组15头。对照组饲喂不添加硒的基础饲粮,无机硒(SS)组饲喂基础饲粮+0.3 mg/kg亚硒酸钠,有机硒(SO)组饲喂基础饲粮+0.3 mg/kg蛋氨酸硒羟基类似物。试验期91 d,其中预试期7 d,正试期84 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加硒对奶牛的干物质采食量、产奶量及乳成分没有显著影响(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,SO组血清总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著升高(P0.05),血清丙二醛含量显著降低(P0.05),但SS组以上指标与对照组没有显著差异(P0.05)。3)各组中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和干物质的表观消化率差异不显著(P0.05)。与对照组相比,SO组有机物、粗蛋白质及粗脂肪的表观消化率显著提高(P0.05);SS组有机物和粗蛋白质的表观消化率提高,但差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加不同硒源对泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛的生产性能没有影响,但与对照组相比,硒添加组的抗氧化性能和营养物质的表观消化率提高,而且SO组的效果明显优于SS组。