60％敌·马EC田间防效及残毒试验

60%敌·马EC是敌敌畏和马拉硫磷两种有杌磷农药的混配剂,对低龄桑螟、桑毛虫、桑尺蠖有良好的防效。对家蚕的残毒期短,使用浓度为1000倍、700倍时均在3d以内,适宜在齐蚕期间防治桑园鳞翅目害虫。     

维桑EC对桑园枣尺蠖的防效及残毒期试验

维桑EC是敌敌畏和马拉硫磷两种有机磷农药再辅以增效剂的混配剂,对桑园枣尺蠖低龄幼虫有较好的防效。对家蚕的残毒期短,使用浓度为1000倍、750倍时均在5d以内,适宜春季桑园枣尺蠖的防治。     

60％敌·马EC田间防效及残毒试验

60%敌·马EC是敌敌畏和马拉硫磷两种有杌磷农药的混配剂,对低龄桑螟、桑毛虫、桑尺蠖有良好的防效。对家蚕的残毒期短,使用浓度为1000倍、700倍时均在3d以内,适宜在齐蚕期间防治桑园鳞翅目害虫。     

20%亚胺硫磷EC药效及对家蚕残毒试验

20%亚胺硫磷EC1000倍对低龄桑螟、桑尺蠖防效较好,可用于桑园鳞翅目害虫的常规防治.防治高龄虫时使用浓度应提高到500倍左右.亚胺硫磷对家蚕的残毒期中等,500倍叶面喷雾10 d、1000倍8 d对家蚕安全.     

几种桑园混配杀虫剂田间防效比较

对几种桑园常用混配杀虫剂组合进行田间防效比较,供试农药组合中对低龄桑螟、桑毛虫、桑尺蠖的防效都比较好,但对高龄害虫的防效明显下降;因此,各种农药都应在害虫低龄阶段喷药防治。混配杀虫剂时要选择残毒期比较接近的农药混配,如距蚕期较近时,可选用敌敌畏＋辛硫磷、敌·马等配方;距蚕期较远时,可选用敌·灭、桑喜等配方;桑宝和桑喜混用能够提高对高龄害虫的防效;在使用混配杀虫剂时一定要掌握好安全间隔期。     

溴虫腈对几种桑园害虫和家蚕的室内毒力测定及在田间防治的选择性毒力调查

研究杀虫、杀螨剂溴虫腈在桑树害虫与非靶标昆虫家蚕之间以及桑树害虫之间的差异性毒力,为溴虫腈在桑园安全、合理使用提供依据。采用浸叶法测定24%溴虫腈悬浮剂对野桑蚕、家蚕、桑螟、桑尺蠖的室内毒力选择性比值较高,其LC50值倍数比例为362∶126∶1.6∶1,各种试虫对该药剂的敏感程度从大到小依次是桑尺蠖>桑螟>家蚕>野桑蚕,该药剂对家蚕的毒性很小。分别采用80、160、320 mg/L 3种质量浓度溴虫腈悬浮剂稀释液喷施桑树后间隔1、3、6、9 d采摘桑叶饲养家蚕3龄幼虫至上蔟,除用320、160 mg/L溴虫腈悬浮剂稀释液处理区间隔1 d的桑叶养蚕后,家蚕的各项生理指标与清水对照区差异极显著(P<0.01)外,其它处理区无显著差异(P>0.05),并无迟发性毒性效应。田间防治试验表明,24%溴虫腈悬浮剂对桑树害虫的毒力具有选择性,试验期桑园内的几种害虫对该药剂的敏感程度从大到小依次是桑尺蠖>桑螟>桑毛虫>桑剌蛾,320、160、80 mg/L 3种质量浓度溴虫腈悬浮剂稀释液喷施后7 d对桑尺蠖的平均防效极显著优于对照农药267 mg/L辛硫磷稀释液的防效,而对桑螟的平均防效低于对照农药200 mg/L灭多威稀释液的防效(94.2%)。研究结果显示溴虫腈用于桑园害虫防治具有一定的选择性毒力,对非靶标生物家蚕的毒性较低,该药剂适合用于对桑尺蠖等桑园害虫的防治。     

两种增效复配农药对桑螟的防治效果试验

为有效地控制桑螟对桑园的危害,筛选出2个专门用于防治桑螟的复配药剂配方。在残毒期为5 d的短残毒期配方中,80%敌敌畏、50%辛硫磷、增效剂和水的质量比为1∶1∶1∶2 000;残毒期为11 d长残毒期配方中40%的灭多威、50%的辛硫磷、增效剂和水的质量比为1∶1∶1∶2 000。这2种复配农药的实验室及室外桑园小区防治试验的校正防治效果可达94.4%~96.7%,50 hm2桑园中试的校正防治效果达94.3%~96.1%。2种复配农药对红腹灯蛾、桑毛虫、桑尺蠖也有较好的防治效果。     

24%帕力特悬浮剂对桑树尺蠖类害虫的防治效果

2010年秋蚕期对桑园喷施24%帕力特悬浮剂2 000倍液、1 000倍液农药防治桑树尺蠖类害虫的效果与对家蚕的安全间隔期试验,结果表明：24%帕力特悬浮剂2 000倍液、1 000倍液,喷药后7 d对桑尺蠖和艾枝尺蠖的防治效果达100%,对家蚕的安全间隔期为3 d,对养蚕成绩没有影响,是防治桑树尺蠖类害虫的首选药剂,建议蚕农使用24%帕力特悬浮剂2 000倍液防治桑园尺蠖类害虫。     

保桑灵40EC对鳞翅目桑虫防效及残毒试验

保桑灵主要防治对象为桑园鳞翅目害虫,通过本试验结果,认为保桑灵750倍、1000倍对桑螟、桑毛虫、野蚕均有较理想的防治效果;而保桑灵1500倍对高龄桑毛虫防效稍差。在生产上防治桑园鳞翅目害虫,建议使用浓度1000倍,并掌握在害虫低龄期(特别是桑尺蠖)防治,安全用叶间隔期10~12天,适宜在养蚕前防治,与其它农药交替使用。     

60%敌畏·马乳油对桑园害虫防治效果试验

60%敌畏·马乳油对幼龄桑尺蠖有良好防治效果,500倍、1000倍、2000倍3个不同稀释浓度的防效都优于对照农药60%辛硫磷1500倍稀释浓度,差异都达到极显著。对桑螟防治效果不显著,平均防效在50%左右,也差于对照农药60%辛硫磷1500倍稀释浓度,但差异不显著。对桑蓟马防治效果也不理想,3个不同浓度防效都没有超过50%,与对照农药60%辛硫磷1500倍处理区相比,表现出一定优势,但7天之后,差异也没有达到显著水平。在养蚕间隔期较短时可以作桑园害虫防治药剂,推荐使用浓度是1000倍。但是,在桑螟和桑蓟马大发生季节,60%敌畏·马乳油不宜作为防治主要药剂单剂使用     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …