外源GA3与ABA对烤烟茎尖内源激素调控及生长的影响

以烤烟基因型8277与农大202为材料,研究外源激素GA3与ABA对茎尖处内源激素GA、ABA、IAA含量以及株高、节间距伸长的影响.结果表明,外施一定浓度的GA3(100 mg/L)能使烟株茎尖内源激素GA与IAA含量提高,显著地促进烟草株高与节间距的增长;喷施一定浓度的ABA(20 mg/L)在一定程度上抑制了烟株的生长,其作用时间较短,只是在激素ABA使用前期有一定的效果,但是ABA使烟株在地上部干物质积累得到提高.     

乙烯利对不同基因型玉米节间伸长和内源激素的影响

在玉米拔节期对12个常用玉米自交系喷施200 mg/L的乙烯利,探讨了乙烯利对不同基因型玉米节间伸长和内源激素的影响。结果表明,乙烯利处理后,除郑58、L6M、K12、豫自87-1和8085泰5个自交系各性状与对照相比无显著差异外,其余自交系表现为株高和穗位高降低,基部第3、4、5节间长度缩短,内源激素生长素(IAA)含量、赤霉素(GA4)与脱落酸(ABA)的比值降低,ABA含量升高,且差异均达显著或极显著水平,而GA4含量无明显变化规律。不同玉米自交系的形态指标(株高、穗位高和第3、4、5节间长度)和内源激素(IAA含量、ABA含量及GA4/ABA比值)均存在很大差异,相对变化百分数从6.41%到102.64%不等。各指标均能反映出不同基因型玉米植株对乙烯利的敏感性,其中,敏感性相对较强的有昌7-2、浚928、Mo17和丹340;相对较弱的有郑58、L6M、K12、豫自87-1和8085泰。     

干旱胁迫及复水对豌豆叶片内源激素含量的影响

采用盆栽试验方法, 研究了干旱胁迫及复水对豌豆叶片脱落酸(ABA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)和玉米素(ZT)等4种内源激素含量的影响.结果表明: 苗期轻度和重度干旱胁迫分别导致叶片ABA含量增加1.03%和1.10%,IAA含量增加16.44%和61.99%,GA含量降低1.44%和4.79%,ZT含量降低2.10%和3.16%;始花期轻度和重度干旱胁迫分别导致叶片ABA含量增加1.60%和1.90%,IAA含量增加14.42%和27.75%,GA含量降低1.17%和1.79%,ZT含量降低16.65%和19.83%;灌浆期轻度和重度干旱胁迫分别导致叶片ABA含量增加0.83%和1.63%,IAA含量增加12.25%和29.02%,GA含量降低0.87%和1.76%,ZT含量降低7.89%和13.23%.同时对各种内源激素比例产生影响.复水可对豌豆叶片内源激素含量产生补偿效应, 其补偿量决定于豌豆生育时期、干旱胁迫强度和历时、复水历时.复水可促进豌豆叶片内源激素比例发生变化.     

香蕉束顶病毒(BBTV)侵染对寄主内源激素的影响

 本试验用ELISA方法测定了香蕉感染束顶病毒(BBTV)后植株体内的3种内源激素,赤霉素(GA₃)、玉米素类(iPAs)和脱落酸(ABA)的变化。结果表明,感株的GA₃水平在侵染过程中虽有微弱增加,但含量和增长速度显著低于健株对照;iPAs在接种BBTV第14天后明显下降,并维持较低水平;ABA在BBTV侵染后被大量诱导增加并不断积累,在接种后第35天测定含量最高,为对照的3.34倍。试验还同时检测了BBTV在侵染过程中的运转。用间接ELISA测定的接种叶和顶叶的BBTV含量显示:接种21天后BBTV在接种叶和顶叶中还大量增殖,呈系统性分布。但寄主的症状在接种35天后才逐渐在顶叶表现。以上结果表明:香蕉束顶病的症状表现似乎主要与病株中的内源激素的失调有关,而与BBTV在体内的运转并不直接相关     

水稻条纹叶枯病个体茎、蘖显症特点

2003～2004年定点调查表明,水稻条纹叶枯病在秧苗期主茎显症后,同株的分蘖全部显症,病株死亡。分蘖期主茎显症后,同株的分蘖全部显症;部分分蘖显症后,同株的主茎和其余分蘖全部显症,病株死亡或不成穗。拔节期主茎显症后,同株的大部分分蘖(68.9%～79.2%)显症,部分茎、蘖(32.9%～23.0%)成穗,产量损失较大(80.8%);部分分蘖显症后,同株的主茎不显症,其余分蘖部分显症(分蘖总显症率为53.0%～66.7%),全部主茎和部分分蘖成穗(总成穗率61.1%～48.1%),产量损失较小(34.5%)。病株不侵染同穴健株。由此提出治虫防病、改茬和病后处理方法。     

南方根结线虫对生姜生长及内源激素的影响

 试验结果表明,南方根结线虫侵染生姜后,首先损伤根系,进而显著降低生姜植株的株高、地上鲜重、根系鲜重和根茎重,减产47.96%。南方根结线虫侵染可使生姜叶片中赤霉素(GA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)含量显著降低,感病生姜的脱落酸(ABA)则表现为前期降低,后期增加的趋势,并促使叶片中GA/ABA的迅速下降,严重影响了生姜的生长,使感病植株矮小、叶片黄化,提前衰老。感病生姜根茎GA、IAA、ZR、ABA的变化规律与叶片相似,但9月份ZR、IAA含量的迅速上升,与根结线虫建立侵染据点、形成巨型细胞,从而造成根茎的局部疣裂有关。南方根结线虫侵染可引起病株根系GA/ABA升高以及GA含量在生长后期上升,促进营养物质向根部运输,从而造成根系的补偿性生长;但IAA和ZR含量的下降不利于根结线虫建立侵染据点,不能在根系中形成过多的根结。     

冠菌素诱导水稻幼苗抗旱性的生理效应

以水稻日本晴为材料,在正常生长条件和用质量分数为17.5%的聚乙二醇(PEG)模拟干旱条件下,分析了0.1 μmoL/L冠菌素(coronatine,COR)处理对水稻幼苗生物量的积累、叶片中抗氧化酶[超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及过氧化物酶(POD) ]活性以及渗透调节物质(脯氨酸和可溶性糖)、可溶性蛋白、内源激素[脱落酸(ABA)、吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)、茉莉酸甲酯(Me-JA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)和赤霉素(GA4)]含量的影响。结果表明:在正常条件下,COR处理对幼苗生物量的积累、抗氧化酶、渗透调节物质和可溶性蛋白的含量均无显著影响,但可增加其体内ZR和GA4 2种激素的含量;在模拟干旱胁迫条件下,COR处理可促进幼苗生物量的积累,维持较高的抗氧化酶活性,促进叶片中脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的积累,调节植物体内渗透势,维持[JP2]细胞膨压,同时促进ABA和ZR含量大量累积。研究结果表明,COR通过增强水稻叶片中抗氧化酶活性、调节体内渗透调节物质以及内源激素的含量,可改善水稻幼苗在干旱胁迫条件下的耐旱能力。     

不同生长条件下半日花劈裂生长中内源激素含量的比较

通过对温室和野生状态下半日花内源激素在劈裂植株与未劈裂植株各组织中的对比,研究了内源激素对半日花劈裂生长过程的影响.结果表明:(1)在野生植株中,半日花未劈裂植株除根系外各组织ABA含量均高于劈裂植株,而IAA含量则相反.在根部和劈裂部位积累的IAA在劈裂生长过程中影响细胞的伸长生长.劈裂发生部位和根系中GA3含量未劈裂植株明显高于劈裂植株,数值可达到两倍.ZR含量未劈裂植株根系中含量最多,而在劈裂植株中茎部和劈裂发生部位的ZR含量增加,说明劈裂的植株ZR会向茎部及劈裂发生部位转移.(2)温室内植株,茎部IAA和ABA含量虽年龄增加而增加,GA3和ZR含量无显著变化.(3)温室劈裂植株与野外劈裂植株比较,劈裂部位ABA含量二者无显著差异,温室植株IAA含量根部含量最大,而野生植株叶片含量最大.GA3含量在二者各组织内无显著差异,ZR含量在野生劈裂植株的茎部和劈裂发生部位最大,其余组织中无明显差异.     

玉米成熟过程中激素含量及其与子粒灌浆和脱水相关性分析

以先玉335和郑单958为材料,研究了黑龙江半干旱区玉米成熟过程中子粒和穗位叶中激素含量变化及其与子粒灌浆和脱水的相关性。结果显示,子粒中IAA、GA3和ZR含量与灌浆速率均呈正相关,且IAA达到极显著(P0.01),两品种相关系数分别为0.9506和0.9488;而穗位叶中ABA含量与灌浆速率呈负相关。子粒中ABA含量与子粒脱水速率呈负相关,IAA和ZR含量与子粒的脱水速率呈正相关,其中郑单958子粒中ZR含量与脱水速率相关性显著(P0.05),相关系数为0.8813;穗位叶中IAA、GA3、ZR和ABA含量与子粒脱水速率均呈负相关,先玉335穗位叶中ZR和ABA含量与脱水速率相关性显著(P0.05),相关系数分别为-0.9296和-0.9216;郑单958穗位叶中IAA含量则与脱水速率相关性显著(P0.05),相关系数为-0.8976。在半干旱春玉米区,玉米子粒灌浆速率主要与子粒中IAA、GA3、ZR和ABA等4种内源激素含量相关,而脱水速率则与子粒和穗位叶中各内源激素含量均相关。     

水稻锯齿叶矮缩病毒抗血清的制备及其应用

 采用人工接种发病的水稻锯齿叶矮缩病株茎叶的榨出液,以低速离心(4000rpm)结合聚乙二醇(PEG)的方法所得部分提纯的病毒,进行家兔免疫注射制备抗血清,结果以注射后3~4周的效价最高,可达1:4096,α-最适比值为1:13。应用这种方法制备成的水稻锯齿叶矮缩病毒(RRSV)的抗血清,进行了水稻矮缩病毒(RDV)病株与RRSV病株的鉴别诊断和RRSV毒源寄主的检测。结果证明,具卷叶、缺刻的RDV病株确非RRSV复合感染所致。毒源寄主测定表明,在供试的7种田间常见杂草中,有5种表现为阳性反应;经生物学回接证实,5种中有蟋蟀草、水蜈蚣和游草3种能成功地将RRSV传给水稻而引起发病。     

Retention of Rice dwarf virus by Descendants of Pairs of Viruliferous Vector Insects After Rearing for 6 Years

ABSTRACT Rice dwarf virus (RDV) is characterized by its unusual ability to multiply in both plants and leafhopper vector insects and by its transovarial mode of transmission. Colonies of Nephotettix cincticeps, derived originally from pairs of leafhoppers infected with an ordinary strain of RDV, were maintained for 6 years in the laboratory and were found, at the end of this time, still to harbor RDV. Moreover, the isolate of RDV, designated RDV-I, obtained from these colonies retained the ability to infect rice plants. When we raised leafhoppers separately from eggs that had been placed individually on pieces of water-soaked filter paper and reared them in the presence of healthy rice seedlings, we found that all of these leafhoppers harbored RDV. This observation suggested that RDV-I had been maintained in the leafhoppers by transovarial transmission. Two further observations, namely, the low rate of acquisition of RDV by virus-free insect nymphs on symptomless plants on which viruliferous insects had been reared, and the fact that only 2 to 5% of plants had symptoms when rice seedlings were inoculated via RDV-I-viruliferous insects, confirmed that the maintenance of RDV-I by any other mode of transmission through plants and insects was unlikely. This efficient and long-term maintenance of RDV in a population of viruliferous insects might explain the prolonged duration of rice dwarf disease in the field, once there has been a serious outbreak.     

浙江省水稻病毒病的发生规律和防治

 本文总结了1965-1977年水稻病毒病主要是黑条矮缩病、普通矮缩病的发生规律和传毒昆虫传病特点等方面的调查研究工作。
水稻黑条矮缩病由灰稻虱传播。灰稻虱能把病毒自水稻传到水稻、大小麦、玉米,但难以把病毒从玉米传到其它寄主上。已证实田间早熟禾可以作为黑条矮缩病无症带毒寄主。     

In vitro but not in planta encapsidation of Rice gall dwarf virus core particles by the outer capsid P8 protein of Rice dwarf virus expressed in transgenic rice plants

Transencapsidation of the Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) inner core by the Rice dwarf virus (RDV) outer capsid P8 protein was examined in vitro and in planta. When RGDV core particles were incubated with an extract from RDV P8-transgenic rice leaf tissue, RDV P8 encapsidated the RGDV core particles to form double-shelled virus-like particles in vitro. In contrast, when RDV P8-transgenic rice plants were inoculated with RGDV, progeny RGDV particles contained RGDV P8 but RDV P8 was not detectable in the virions. No significant differences were found in acquisition by the vector insects and subsequent transmission rates between RGDV infecting nontransgenic rice plants and those infecting RDV P8-transgenic rice plants. These results indicate that mechanisms of and/or requirements for interactions between P8 and the inner core particles of phytoreoviruses differ between in vitro and in planta.     

The role of phytohormones in relation to bakanae disease development and symptoms expression

Fusarium proliferatum, the causal agent of bakanae disease was found to be up-regulated gibberellic acids (GAs) in bakanae diseased rice plants and thereby contributing to the different types of symptoms observed associated with the disease. The up- and down regulation of GAs, IAA and ABA were studied in susceptible (MR 211) and resistant (BR3) varieties artificially inoculated with F. proliferatum at different times after inoculation. The increase in GAs including fungiproduced GA3 and IAA were higher in inoculated MR 211 rice plants (GAs = 26%, IAA = 40.39%) as compared to resistant BR3 (GAs = 19%, IAA = 4.27%), 7 days after inoculation (disease score 1, S-1) in whole plant sample analysis. The increase were higher in both roots and leaves but not in the stem, thus the main symptom observed as stunting of the susceptible plants at disease score 1. However, 14 days after inoculation (disease score 3, S-3), both phytohormones were observed to increase in whole plant sample analysis as well as in all plant parts sampled. This increasing effect was found associated with elongation of internodes and chlorosis of leaves in susceptible plants of MR 211. As the symptoms progressed to disease score 5 (S-5, after 21 days of inoculation) susceptible plants of MR 211 were started to collapse and lodged due to over elongation, and finally dead followed by a decrease in GAs and IAA but an increase in ABA. In resistant variety BR3, marginal up regulation of GAs and IAA were observed only at 21 days after inoculation in stems with no typical symptom of bakanae disease.     

水稻矮缩病毒基因组及毒粒三维结构的研究进展

水稻矮缩病毒(Rice dwarf virus,RDV)为双层壳、二十面体的双链RNA病毒,是水稻的重要病原物之一.文中比较了RDV中国福建分离物与日本分离物基因组各片段核苷酸序列的相似性,发现RDV两个不同分离物基因组相应片段的相似性均在92%以上,最高可达96%;分析了相应基因组片段编码的结构蛋白P1、P2、P3、P5、P7、P8及以前一直被认为是非结构蛋白的P9和非结构蛋白Pns4、Pns6、Pns10 、Pns11和Pns12在RDV复制、组装过程中的功能;回顾了RDV粒子三维结构的研究概况,对RDV粒子内、外层衣壳的晶体学结构作了较详细的描述;简要介绍了RDV复制与组装的机制,发现核心蛋白与dsRNA间相互作用成为一个单元是病毒RNA的分拣及包装到病毒粒子核心内的可能机制.同时,指出基于PDR的植物抗病毒基因工程在水稻矮缩病毒防治上的可能性.     

水稻苗期感染SRBSDV后赤霉素相关基因表达量及赤霉素含量的变化

为明确水稻在苗期被南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus,SRBSDV)浸染后植株体内赤霉素合成相关基因表达量和赤霉素含量的变化情况,利用q RT-PCR技术检测水稻在3叶期感染SRBSDV后的5个时期Os01g0883800、Os03g0856700、Os07g0169700三个赤霉素的生物合成基因表达量;采用高效液相色谱法检测GH998和Y11植株感染SRBSDV后的赤霉素含量;观察GH998病株施用外源赤霉素后病症的缓解效果。结果表明,感染SRBSDV后在GH998叶片中,以在第0天为对照组,Os01g0883800和Os07g0169700相对表达量最大分别下调25.6倍和21.1倍,Os03g0856700在第3天相对表达量下调20.5倍,在第6天上调2.3倍;在茎中,Os01g0883800、Os07g0169700、Os03g0856700的相对表达量在第3天分别下调8.5倍、6.4倍和1.4倍。在Y11叶片中Os01g0883800、Os03g0856700和Os07g0169700相对表达量最大下调分别为6.6倍,42.7倍和16.9倍;在茎中,Os01g0883800、Os07g0169700相对表达量最大下调分别为5.3倍和10.5倍;Os03g0856700在第3天时表达量上调1.5倍,在第12天下调2.8倍。GH998感染SRBSDV后植株体内赤霉素含量显著降低;施用外源赤霉素能缓解SRBSDV部分病症,表现为株高、剑叶长、剑叶宽和根长等均增加。