犬传染性肝炎与细小病毒混合感染病例的诊疗研究

目的:分析犬传染性肝炎与细小病毒混合感染病例的诊疗.方法:观察、分析犬传染性肝炎、细小病毒混合感染的临床症状、诊断情况等基础信息,总结归纳犬传染性肝炎与细小病毒混合感染的诊疗方法.结果:经临床症状、诊断结果分析,发现犬传染性肝炎、细小病毒混合感染的患犬多因母体带毒、长期饲喂霉变饲料等因素引起,若患犬肝炎情况较轻微,则需注重细小病毒辅助治疗;待病毒有效控制,再加强对肝炎的后期护理.结论:在犬传染性肝炎与细小病毒混合感染的诊断中,可依据临床症状和实验室诊断,治疗时则可采用输液疗法,严格控制输液速度,以更好促进患犬的恢复.     

细小病毒患犬病例的临床诊断与治疗

本文通过对90例细小病毒患犬的临床诊断与治疗,总结了犬细小病毒病流行的原因、临床症状和病理特点,使用犬细小病毒抗原快速检测试纸及细小病毒单克隆抗体对病犬进行诊断和治疗,诊断率和治愈率都达到了90%以上。结果表明,使用犬细小病毒抗原快速检测试纸及细小病毒单克隆抗体进行诊断和治疗在实际临床工作中是可行的。     

犬细小病毒单克隆抗体对犬细小病毒病的临床应用研究

采用犬细小病毒单克隆抗体（CPVMcAb）配合静脉注射用犬免疫球蛋白及静脉注射用犬血白蛋白,采用股内侧肌肉注射对172例细小病毒病患犬进行临床治疗试验。共治愈140例,治愈率为81．40％。采取以上治疗方案,结合对症支持治疗,发病1d的患犬治愈率90．70％,发病2d的患犬治愈率为85．29％,发病3d的患犬治愈率为56．25％,发病4d的患犬治愈卒为72．73％,发病5、d的患犬治愈率为77．78％。94．29％的治愈犬（132只）用药后4d内完全康复。采用该治疗方案,进入犬体内的McAb能迅速到达全身各组织,中和淋巴组织及血循环中的病毒,阻止病原复制和扩散;同时,中和反应形成抗原抗体复合物,可促进机体的主动免疫反应,促进患犬逐渐康复。该研究结果对提高犬细小病毒病的临床治疗效果具有积极的应用价值。     

20例犬细小病毒病的诊治

为了给犬细小病毒病的临床诊断和治疗提供参考,统计了2015年10月份—2016年3月份期间新疆农业大学动物中心医院门诊收治的20例犬细小病毒病病例,对具有腹泻、呕吐、血便等临床症状的患犬做了犬细小病毒免疫胶体金试纸板检测,以辅助早期诊断,并采取以犬细小病毒单克隆抗体特异性治疗为主的综合方法对20例病犬进行了治疗,其中有17例病犬治疗痊愈,有3例死亡,治愈率为85%,并对病死犬做了病理切片和电镜观察。结果表明:大部分患犬最初属于肠炎型犬细小病毒病,可结合临床症状作出初步诊断,尽早治疗和加强护理是影响本病转归的重要因素。     

犬细小病毒病的诊治

<正>犬细小病毒病是由犬细小病毒(Canine par-vovirus,CPV)引起的,又称犬传染性肠炎。常呈暴发性流行,具有发病急、传染性强、死亡率高等特点。该病无明显的季节性,四季均可发生,但5~6月份发病率最高。犬细小病毒病不分品种年龄、性别均可感染,但幼犬极易感染发病。感染率可达到100%,致死率可达10%~50%,犬细小病毒病是对犬危害极大的烈性传染病之一。但如果能及时治疗,治愈率可达到90%。笔者在延吉市某动物医院接诊1只患犬细小病毒病的金毛寻回猎犬,现将诊断和治疗过程报道如下。     

犬细小病毒病的诊断与治疗方法比较研究

笔者治疗并跟踪调查了北京市4个小区感染犬细小病毒的80只宠物狗,使用2种不同方案对病例进行治疗,通过治疗后的结果,制定治疗犬细小病毒病的最佳方案。通过对比研究得出,治疗犬细小病毒病最佳的方案是:(1)采用犬细小病毒单克隆抗体来中和病毒。(2)分别采用胃复安和止血敏止吐、止血。(3)用头孢曲松钠来治疗炎症,控制继发感染。犬细小病毒病四季均可能发病,但发病率最高的季节是冬天或春天。通过本次调查研究,得出犬细小病毒病的最佳诊断方法就是利用此病的临床典型症状结合实验室血液常规检测和犬细小病毒检测试纸。本病的预防措施以注射疫苗为主,50日龄的健康犬开始首次接种疫苗,过21 d进行第2次接种,总共接种3次,以后每年注射1次。     

犬细小病毒病的流行现状调查

对犬细小病毒病流行现状进行调查,为本病的预防、诊断和治疗提供依据。 用犬细小病毒抗原检测试剂盒对2008年门诊的具有腹泻、呕吐、粪便带血等体征的189只患犬作病原检测,对犬细小病毒阳性病例兼有发热、咳嗽体征的16例病犬同时作犬瘟热病毒抗原检测。结果犬细小病毒阳性病例共137只,发病年龄从1个月～15岁各年龄段均有分布,以6月龄以下幼龄动物发病较多,占65.7%。流行季节差异不大,以春季病例略多,占27.0%。犬细小病毒与犬瘟热病毒混合感染的有12例,占8.8%。对在疫苗接种免疫保护期内的4只患犬进行检测,3只犬细小病毒阳性。结论：①免疫力尚未建立是幼犬发病的主要原因;②不按规定的免疫程序对动物进行加强免疫是成年犬发病的主要原因;③在部分发病幼犬中存在犬细小病毒与犬瘟热病毒的混合感染;④老龄动物对免疫的应答能力下降可导致免疫失败。     

245例犬细小病毒病发病及治疗情况分析

对泰州地区两动物医院1年期间收治的245例确诊犬细小病毒病病犬的发病情况及临床治疗效果进行统计比较和分析。结果显示:犬细小病毒病3~6月龄犬发病率最高,为5633%,12月龄以上的犬较少发病;经犬细小病毒单克隆抗体治疗后,2898%的病犬在2 d后康复,1960%的病犬3 d后康复,429%的病犬4 d后康复,1470%的病犬5 d后康复。     

犬细小病毒病的治疗与预防

犬细小病毒病是犬常发传染病,临床上经常遇到,本病无明显季节性,各年龄段犬均可发生,幼犬感染主要呈心机炎的急性经过,成年犬感染以出血性肠炎为特征。该病感染率高达100%,死亡率为30%～70%。犬群一旦感染,难以根除,所以预防为主,加强免疫,应贯穿饲养业的始终。1治疗根据流行病学、临床症状及配合化验室相关检查,确诊为细小病毒时,尚无特效治疗办法,主要采取对症治疗和支持疗法。治疗原则应采取强心补液、抗菌消炎、解毒、调节水盐代谢、纠正电解质平衡等措施。1.1发病后早期治疗效果好病犬注射犬细小病毒高免疫血清1～2m L/kg,配合注射犬…     

犬细小病毒病与白细胞数目的关系分析

正犬细小病毒病是由犬细小病毒引起的一种急性传染病,临床上以出血性肠炎和心肌炎为特征,以肠炎型多见。犬心肌炎和肠炎两种综合征是犬细小病毒感染的不同表现形式,3~4周龄的小犬患急性心肌炎,而10周龄以上的犬和成年犬患肠炎综合征。犬细小病毒有两种类型:CPV1和CPV2。CPV1对犬不致病。CPV2引起犬细小病毒病的发生,家犬和野生犬类动物均可感染发病。犬细小病毒CPV2对犬的感染率高达100%。肠炎型多见于8~10周龄     

马蹄香镇痛作用的研究及对肠蠕动的影响

为研究马蹄香对小鼠的镇痛作用及对小鼠肠蠕动的影响,通过小鼠醋酸扭体法和小鼠热板法研究马蹄香的镇痛作用,通过小鼠碳末推进法研究马蹄香对肠蠕动的影响。在验证外周镇痛作用的扭体试验和验证中枢镇痛作用的热板试验中,马蹄香药物组和阿司匹林阳性药物组均与空白对照组存在显著差异;在碳末推进试验中,马蹄香药物组和多潘立酮阳性药物组均与空白对照组存在显著差异。结果表明,马蹄香具有外周和中枢镇痛药物活性,并能够有效促进肠蠕动。     

Six-month prophylactic efficacy of moxidectin sustained release (SR) injectable for dogs against experimental heartworm infection in growing puppies

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of moxidectin sustained release injectable for dogs (moxidectin SR, Fort Dodge Animal Health) in protecting growing puppies from experimental infection with the heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, six months after treatment. The study involved 27 puppies, approximately 12 weeks of age at the beginning of the study, with nine puppies in each of three size classes. The small breed class included eight Pekingese and one purpose-bred small breed mongrel; the medium breed class included nine purpose-bred mongrels, and the large breed class included nine puppies with an anticipated adult weight >or=30-35 kg. Both genders were included with no attempt made to have equal numbers of male and female puppies. Puppies were blocked by weight within each size class and randomly assigned to three treatment groups of nine dogs. On Day 0, pups in two groups were injected subcutaneously with moxidectin SR, dosed to deliver 0.17 mg moxidectin/kg b.w. The third group was injected with sterile saline. Personnel making observations were blinded to the treatment status of the animals. Following treatment, puppies were observed for signs of adverse local and systemic reactions. Puppy weights and serum moxidectin levels were also monitored. On Day 180, puppies in all treatment groups were inoculated subcutaneously with 50 third-stage larvae of D. immitis. On Days 348 and 349, puppies were euthanatized and necropsied. Hearts and lungs were examined for adult heartworms. All animals in the saline control group were infected with an arithmetic mean of 39.22 adult heartworms each. Seventeen of 18 dogs in the moxidectin SR-treated groups were uninfected. One treated puppy was infected with a single adult heartworm. This infected individual was from the large breed size class and had the second highest percent increase in body weight. Based on arithmetic means, the heartworm recovery from all treated puppies represents a 99.86% reduction relative to the saline control. There were no adverse local or systemic reactions to treatment in any animal.     

Investigations into the prevention of prenatal and lactogenic Toxocara canis infections in puppies by application of moxidectin to the pregnant dog

Aim of the investigation was to examine whether two administrations of moxidectin to pregnant dogs could prevent pre-natal and lactogenic infections of puppies with reactivated Toxocara canis larvae. Four pregnant beagles, infected experimentally with 20 000 embryonated eggs of T. canis, were treated subcutaneously with 1 mg moxidectin per kg body weight on days 40 and 55 of pregnancy (5-13 days before parturition). One further dam and its puppies served as untreated control. Two applications of moxidectin completely prevented pre-natal and lactogenic infections in the puppies. Neither intestinal stages nor somatic larvae were found in the dams or their corresponding puppies. All puppies and dams of the treatment group remained coproscopically negative until 42 days after parturition. The administration of moxidectin did not show any side effects in the dams. None of the puppies of the treated dams showed any pathological abnormalities. In the untreated dam one adult and 26 somatic larvae of T. canis were detected at necropsy. All puppies of the untreated dam showed a patent T. canis infection from day 28 post-natum (p.n.); 296 pre-adult and adult stages of T. canis were spontaneously eliminated and 51 intestinal stages and five somatic larvae of T. canis were recovered at necropsy. In contrast to the puppies of the treated dams all negative control puppies showed blood eosinophilia after parturition and elevated liver enzyme levels.     

Serum cortisol and thyroxine concentrations as predictors of death in critically ill puppies with parvoviral diarrhea

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of adrenal and thyroid hormones in the prediction of death in a population of critically ill puppies with parvoviral diarrhea by measuring serial daily serum concentrations of cortisol and thyroxine. DESIGN: Prospective case-control study. ANIMALS: 57 critically ill puppies with parvoviral diarrhea admitted to the hospital and 17 clinically normal control puppies. PROCEDURES: Basal serum cortisol and thyroxine concentrations were measured for each dog with parvoviral diarrhea at admission (prior to treatment) and daily until death, euthanasia, or discharge. RESULTS: Median time between admission and death was 48 hours (ie, on day 3). Median serum cortisol concentration on day 1 (admission) in all dogs with parvoviral diarrhea (248 nmol/L) was significantly higher than in control dogs (77 nmol/L). No significant difference was found in the day 1 median serum cortisol concentration of 11 dogs that died (302 nmol/L) and 46 dogs that survived (238 nmol/L). A significantly higher median serum cortisol concentration was, however, found in nonsurvivor group dogs, compared with survivor group dogs, on days 2 and 3. Median serum thyroxine concentration on day 1 in dogs with parvoviral diarrhea was significantly lower than in control dogs (8.12 nmol/L vs 35 nmol/L, respectively). Median serum thyroxine concentration of nonsurvivor group dogs (4.4 nmol/L) was significantly lower than that of survivor group dogs (9.2 nmol/L) at admission and became even lower on days 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: High serum cortisol and low serum thyroxine concentrations at 24 and 48 hours after admission were associated with death in dogs with parvoviral diarrhea.     

硝唑尼特对四翼无刺线虫的驱虫效果

20只自然感染四翼无刺线虫的雌性昆明系小鼠,随机分成4组,每组5只,常规饲喂。第1~3组小鼠分别以200、400、800 mg/kg剂量的硝唑尼特灌胃,第4组设为空白对照组,每24 h一次,连续灌胃5 d。用虫卵减少率和粗计驱虫率作为评价药物效果的指标。结果显示,硝唑尼特对四翼无刺线虫的驱虫效果随药物剂量的增加而提高,以800 mg/kg剂量效果最好。     

Efficacy of dog-appeasing pheromone in reducing stress associated with social isolation in newly adopted puppies

This study was designed to determine the potential value of dog-appeasing pheromone (dap) in reducing stress in puppies newly adopted from a pet shop. The trial was triple-blinded and placebo-controlled. After their arrival at the pet shop, 32 puppies were fitted with a dap collar and 34 were fitted with a control collar, according to a randomisation protocol. Adopting owners were contacted by telephone, three and 15 days after they had adopted a puppy, to obtain information about the puppy's integration into the family, and particularly about any signs of distress shown by the puppy when it was socially isolated. All the isolated puppies from the control group vocalised during the first night. Signs of distress, particularly vocalisation, were significantly lower in the dap group on day 3 and throughout the rest of the study, and vocalisation during the night ceased significantly sooner in this group. These differences were observed in puppies of small, medium and large breeds. The dap collars had no effect on the incidence of house soiling.     

Immunoglobulins in nasal secretions of dog puppies from birth to six weeks of age

In order to investigate local immune defence mechanisms in the dog, the concentration of immunoglobulins (Ig) G, A and M in nasal secretions (NS) and serum of 42 healthy, neonatal Rottweiler puppies was determined. Ig were measured with a commercially available, dog-specific ELISA during the first six weeks of life. On average, IgG was the predominant Ig isotype during the first three days of life. The IgA:IgG ratio changed between weeks 1 and 3 due to markedly decreasing IgG concentrations. Between the fourth and sixth week, IgG predominated again. During the first week, only 21-39% of puppies had measurable amounts of IgM in NS, in week 2, this percentage increased to 69%. Marked differences between litters and between individual puppies within litters were found. No puppy diseased during the observation period and all developed normally.     

Safety evaluation of moxidectin sustained-release injectable in 10-week-old puppies

A study was conducted to evaluate the safety of a commercial formulation of moxidectin sustained-release injectable for dogs (ProHeart 6, Fort Dodge Animal Health) administered as a single subcutaneous dose to 10-week-old puppies. Twelve male and 12 female purpose-bred beagles 10 weeks of age were blocked by weight within gender and randomly allocated to three treatment groups. Puppies in two groups were treated with moxidectin sustained-release injectable for dogs at three or five times the labeled dose rate of 0.17 mg moxidectin/kg. The third group was treated with saline solution as controls. Physical and neurologic status, hematologic parameters, clinical chemistries, urine samples, body weight, and food consumption were evaluated before and up to 12 weeks after treatment. When compared to controls, mild depression of erythropoiesis, characterized by reduced hemoglobin, reticulocytes, erythrocytes, and hematocrit, was noted in puppies treated with five times the label dose of moxidectin sustained-release injectable. Values for these parameters remained within normal ranges and increased during the study, but at a reduced rate relative to saline-treated controls. Other parameters evaluated remained within normal limits for all treatment groups. Based on results of this study, the no observed adverse effect level for moxidectin sustained-release injectable (ProHeart 6) treatment in 10-week-old puppies was determined to be three times the recommended rate.     

Prevention of renal infection and urinary shedding in dogs by a Leptospira vaccination

Prevention of urinary shedding of Leptospira interrogans spp. by chronically infected dogs remains a key objective of the vaccination in dogs against leptospirosis which is a zoonotic disease. An inactivated bivalent vaccine composed of Leptospira interrogans serovars icterohaemorrhagiae [L. icterohaemorrhagiae] and canicola [L. canicola] bacterins was tested for its ability to protect puppies against a challenge exposure with L. icterohaemorrhagiae. The vaccine was administered twice at a 3-week interval to six puppies aged from 8 to 9 weeks. Six other puppies were used as unvaccinated controls. All puppies were challenged 2 weeks after the second vaccine injection by intraperitoneal (IP) administration of L. icterohaemorrhagiae (day 0). Clinical signs, haematological and biochemical changes and evidence of Leptospira in blood, urine and kidney were monitored for 4 weeks after the challenge exposure (days 0-28). Puppies were euthanised on day 28 for post-mortem and histological examinations of liver and kidney. Control group presented clinical pictures of severe or subclinical infection. One dog developed severe clinical signs (hypothermia, depression, anorexia, abdominal pain, dehydration, icterus, weight loss) and died on post-infection day (PID) 7 due to an acute renal failure. Gross and microscopic lesions were in accordance with this clinical pattern. In the five remaining control dogs, the challenge exposure induced mainly a systemic infection including leptospiraemia, leptospiruria and renal carriage. The vaccinated group remained healthy throughout the study period. In conclusion, immunisation with a Leptospira vaccine was shown to protect dogs against symptomatology and leptospiraemia, urine shedding and renal infection.     

Investigations into the prevention of neonatal Ancylostoma caninum infections in puppies by application of imidacloprid 10% plus moxidectin 2.5% topical solution to the pregnant dog

The aim of the investigation was to examine whether a single topical administration of a combination of imidacloprid and moxidectin to pregnant dogs could prevent neonatal infections with reactivated Ancylostoma caninum larvae. Three pregnant beagles, infected with A. caninum, were treated topically with the combination on day 56 of pregnancy. Three further dogs served as untreated controls. Treatment appeared to prevent neonatal infections in the puppies completely. Neither intestinal stages nor somatic larvae were found in two examined puppies per litter. All puppies and dams of the treatment group remained coproscopically negative. No side-effects in dams or puppies were observed. Two of three untreated dams showed a patent infection after parturition. Necropsy of two puppies of each negative control litter revealed seven intestinal and five somatic A. caninum stages in total. One litter of the untreated dams showed a patent infection 33 days after parturition. In the other two litters, no representative sample sizes could be collected.