猪弓形虫病的ELISA诊断及试剂盒建立

用弓形虫的重组蛋白P30作为ELISA诊断抗原,进行了ELISA诊断试剂盒的建立,并对互助县猪弓形虫病的血清学诊断。经对所收集的139份猪血清抗体进行检测,共检出阳性血清8份,阳性率为5.76%。结果说明互助县猪群中存在弓形虫病的感染。     

双抗体夹心ABC-ELISA检测弓形虫循环抗原方法的建立

为检测弓形虫循环抗原,以实现弓形虫急性感染的早期诊断,本研究建立了基于ABC(avidin biotin-peroxidase complex)放大系统的双抗体夹心ELISA方法。通过制备弓形虫排泄分泌抗原(ESA)并免疫动物,经3种抗原的筛选以获得抗循环抗原(CAg)的单抗,以方阵滴定法确定最佳多抗包被浓度和单抗工作浓度,利用夹心法和ABC放大系统建立检测弓形虫循环抗原的夹心ABC-ELISA方法,用该方法对人工感染犬血清和其他阳性血清样本进行检测以确定该方法的检出时间和准确性,并应用于临床样品的检测。结果:获得了3株针对不同抗原表位的单克隆抗体,并对CAg有较高特异性。双抗体夹心ABC-ELISA反应条件:兔多抗包被浓度为3.7μg/mL,生物素标记3A5、3E5和10F5-3单抗在混合工作液中的浓度分别为0.1、0.13和0.12μg/mL。该ELISA方法对ESA最低检测限为11.9 ng/mL,并与隐孢子虫早期感染牛血清、血吸虫尾蚴早期感染牛血清、艾美耳球虫早期感染鸡血清、犬瘟热急性感染早期血清、犬细小病毒急性感染血清无交叉反应。用该ELISA方法检测人工感染的犬,于感染后2 d血清即显示阳性,该方法能明显区分标准阳性血清和阴性血清。用该方法检测68份猪临床血样(其中包括2份标准阳性血清),检测结果与Nest-PCR结果一致。表明该双抗体夹心ABC-ELISA方法特异性强、敏感性高,可用于弓形虫急性感染的早期或活动期的诊断。     

应用斑点酶联免疫吸附试验快速检测猪弓形虫抗体

将斑点酶联免疫吸附试验(Dot—ELISA)用于检测猪弓形虫抗体,并与常规ELISA和IHA法进行了比较。结果,对102份滴度下降的猪阳性血清检测,弓形虫抗体阳性检出率,Dot—ELISA为66.67％(68/102),常规ELISA为48.04％(49/102),IHA为27.45％(28/102);对675头商品猪血清检测,弓形虫抗体阳性检出率,Dot—ELISA为48.15％(325/675),常规ELISA为41.93％(283/675),IHA为33.80％(228/675);与3种寄生虫(猪囊虫、猪旋毛虫、住肉孢子虫)阳性血清无交叉反应;对123份弓形虫抗体阳性和158份阴性猪血清进行3次重复性试验,结果完全一致。结果证明,该法敏感性高,特异性强,操作简便快速(于接到病料后2h报告结果),便于在基层推广使用。     

猪弓形虫病特异PCR诊断方法的建立

以核糖体DNA第一内转录间隔区(ITS1)序列作为弓形虫种特异的遗传标记．建立了猪弓形虫病特异PCR诊断方法。应用人工感染的方法建立了猪弓形虫病动物模型．摸索出猪弓形虫病PCR检测的最佳条件。敏感性和特异性试验结果显示，该PCR方法最低能检测到10个弓形虫速殖子的DNA，且与相关的8种原虫和线虫均无交叉反应，证明该PCR方法具有高度的敏感性和特异性。动物感染试验结果证明．在试验猪出现明显临床症状时(感染后第5d)．对取材的8个组织样品用该PCR方法检测，有6个组织样品为阳性，其中检出率最高的组织为肺门淋巴结。     

青海省牛弓形虫病的ELISA诊断及试剂盒建立

用弓形虫的重组蛋白SAG1作为ELISA诊断抗原,建立了ELISA诊断试剂盒,并对青海省牛群进行弓形虫病的血清学诊断。经对所收集的1856份牛血清进行弓形虫抗体检测,共检出阳性血清71份,阳性率约为3.83%。结果表明青海省牛群中存在弓形虫病的感染。     

猪弓形虫特异性PCR诊断方法的建立及应用

以猪弓形虫核糖体DNA第一内转录间隔区(ITS1)序列为模板自行设计引物,建立了猪弓形虫病特异PCR诊断方法,并从弓形虫国际标准强毒株RH速殖子和疑似T.gondii感染猪全血及肺脏组织样品基因组DNA中扩增出了预期长度273bp的目的DNA片段。敏感性和特异性试验结果显示,该PCR方法能检测到的最低DNA量为0.001ng,且与相关的9种对照寄生虫、细菌和病毒无交叉反应。用建立的PCR诊断方法对临床30份猪弓形虫疑似病料和60份健康猪抗凝全血样品进行检测,结果30份病料中有24份呈现阳性;60份健康猪血中有5份为阳性;随机取两个临床样品的阳性PCR扩增片段进行克隆测序表明,二者序列与Gen-Bank中已登录的猪弓形虫ITS1基因相应部分序列完全相同。以上表明所建立的PCR方法具有高度的敏感性和特异性;本研究为猪弓形虫病的快速诊断提供了一种新方法。     

猪弓形虫实时荧光PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为建立一种快速、敏感、特异的猪弓形虫检测方法,根据弓形虫保守基因序列,设计一套特异性引物和FAM荧光素标记的MGB探针;通过对PCR反应体系和反应条件进行优化筛选,建立了猪弓形虫实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,并对此PCR检测方法进行了特异性、敏感性、重复性试验;利用所建立的方法对60份疑似弓形虫感染的临床样品进行了检测。结果显示:建立的猪弓形虫实时荧光定量PCR检测方法在101～107拷贝/μL模板范围内有很好的线性关系;对弓形虫重组阳性质粒出现阳性扩增信号,但对阴性对照的水和其他7种病原对照未扩增出特异性曲线;最低检测模板浓度为10拷贝/μL;自60份疑似猪弓形虫感染样品中检出32份阳性,并且和克隆测序结果一致。结果表明,本研究建立的猪弓形虫实时荧光定量PCR检测方法可用于猪弓形虫的快速检测,从而为猪弓形虫病的诊断提供了特异、敏感、高通量的方法。     

评价基于致密颗粒蛋白GRA1为抗原检测猫弓形虫感染的血清学诊断方法

为了研究以弓形虫致密颗粒蛋白GRA1为抗原检测猫弓形虫感染的血清学诊断及评价,试验采用标准弓形虫抗体阳性、阴性猫血清建立ELISA方法,最终确定重组GRA1最佳蛋白包被浓度为5μg/m L、血清最佳稀释度为1∶64,用此方法对已通过MAT/IFA法共同确定的185份猫弓形虫抗体血清进行检测并评价。结果表明:应用MAT/IFA法检出阳性血清39份、阴性血清146份,而通过重组GRA1-ELISA法检出阳性血清37份、阴性血清148份,二者共同检出阳性血清33份、阴性血清142份,GRA1假阳性率为10.8%,假阴性率为4.1%。比较重组GRA1-ELISA与MAT/IFA的结果,二者不一致部分无显著性差异(P0.05);一致性部分经Kappa检验(K=0.83),一致率为94.6%。说明以重组GRA1作为包被抗原建立的ELISA方法检测效果没有弓形虫体裂解蛋白TLA好。因此,重组GRA1不是用于检测猫弓形虫感染的流行病学调查的最佳诊断抗原。     

用BA-ELISA法诊断猪囊虫病研究

用方阵滴定确定的BA－ELISA法对宰后检验确认后为猪囊虫病的阳笥血清26份，阴性血清808份进行检测，其阳性符合率为100％，阴性附合率为99．9％，进行重复性试验，重复率为100％，经与旋毛虫，弓形虫、细颈囊尾蚴和猪蛔虫等病的阳性血清试验均无交叉反应，BA－ELISA法的敏感性高于常规ELISA法。     

猪人工感染弓形虫病血清抗体消长规律的研究

根据10头人工感染弓形虫病猪的间接血凝试验（IHAT）和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）血清抗体检测结果表明．所有被检猪感染后第14天血清抗体达到阳性滴度．第21天抗体滴度达到高峰．第28天开始下降。猪弓形虫病血清学诊断的最佳时间为感染后14～28天。ELISA比IHAT抗体检出时间早．抗体滴度高．维持阳性抗体滴度的时间长。     

Comparison of detection methods for Toxoplasma gondii in naturally and experimentally infected swine

Results from recent serological surveys and epidemiological studies show that pigs raised in a variety of management systems can be carriers of the tissue cyst stage of Toxoplasma gondi. This parasite can be transmitted to humans through the consumption of improperly prepared pork, making detection and removal of infected swine carcasses from the food chain an important food safety issue. Several methods are available for detection of T. gondii infected swine, including serological assays, polymerase chain reaction, and animal bioassays. The aim of the present study was to compare the detection sensitivities of six of these commonly used methods for detection of T. gondii infection in tissues from naturally and experimentally infected pigs. The results indicate that a serum-based ELISA is the most sensitive method, of those tested, for detection of T. gondii infected swine.     

The prevalence and avidity of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies in pigs from Brazil and Peru

Raw or inadequately cooked pork is an important source of Toxoplasma gondii infection, and the infection rate in animals used as human food, is an important risk predictor. The prevalence of this infection was estimated in 396 sera from 5-month old pigs obtained at abattoirs in S?o Paulo, Brazil (300) and Lima, Peru (96). The seroprevalence was higher in pigs from Peru (32.3%) as compared to Brazil (9.6%), as detected by ELISA and Western blot. Hemagglutination gave poor resolution which was not useful for the diagnosis of T. gondii infection. Specific antibody avidity is correlated with infection time, as shown in experimentally infected piglets. Using an arbitrary cut-off of 50% avidity index, Brazilian pigs were found to be more recently infected than Peruvian pigs. Pork should be considered a significant source of human T. gondii infection both in Brazil and Peru. Avidity assays could help in the detection of the time of T. gondii infection in pigs, allowing preventive management.     

3种ELISA试剂盒检测抗牛支原体抗体的比较

为比较3种抗牛支原体(M.bovis)血清抗体的ELISA试剂盒检测效果,本实验应用3种检测M.bovis血清抗体ELISA诊断试剂盒对38份阳性样品(自然感染19份,人工感染18份)和37份阴性样品进行检测.结果表明:本实验室制备的HVRI试剂盒与商品化试剂盒Kit 1的检测结果和综合检测结果符合率分别达到92%和96%;而商品化试剂盒Kit 2的检测结果与综合检测结果符合率仅为74.67%.一致性检验结果显示:HVRI试剂盒与Kit 1的一致性较高;Kit 2与HVRI试剂盒、Kit 2与Kit 1有中度的一致性.此外,3种试剂盒对牛传染性胸膜肺炎国际标准血清(PS2)的检测结果显示HVRI试剂盒和Kit 1均为为阴性,Kit 2为阳性.因此,HVRI试剂盒与Kit 1更适于M.bovis检测和开展流行病学调查.     

几种检测弓形虫血清抗体方法的比较分析

本文对5种弓形虫血清IgG抗体检测方法进行比较评价。5种方法平行检测了80份血清,比较各检测方法的阳性检出率,敏感性,特异性,符合率及Youden指数。结果经配对2检验,ELISA-200,IHA,MAT,SPA-ELISA 4种方法在阳性检出率、平行检测结果之间无显著性差异(P<0.05)。ELISA-200敏感性、特异性和符合率均高于90%,Youden指数(0.85)显著高于其他方法(P<0.05)。IHA,MAT,SPA-ELISA 3种方法各指标处于中等水平,各有适合的检测环境。ELISA-100与其他四种方法在检测结果上差异极显著(P<0.01),特异性(38.3%)、符合率(58.75%)及Youden指数(0.383)都显著低于其他方法。     

Evaluation of two ELISA kits for the detection of Aujeszky's disease antibodies in pigs.

This work describes the evaluation of two commercial ELISA kits for the detection of gI antibodies against Aujeszky's disease. A collection of experimental sera from infected pigs, field sample sera, and sera from pigs vaccinated with seven different modified gI-negative commercial vaccines were used to evaluate each test. Both ELISA kits showed good reproducibility, and specificity, but differences could be appreciated in sensitivity when sera obtained at early stages of infection was analysed. These results also indicated that both kits could be used in conjunction with the seven vaccines evaluated in this study.     

Evaluation of an in-house TgSAG1 (P30) IgG ELISA for diagnosis of naturally acquired Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs

Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite which is able to infect a large variety of warm-blooded animals. Raw or undercooked pork has been regarded as an important source of infection for humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to diagnose natural T. gondii infection in swine using native affinity chromatography-purified T. gondii surface protein-1 (TgSAG1-ELISA) as antigen, comparing its performance to that of indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and immunoblotting (IB). To obtain a panel of sera showing the evolution of the antibody response in the time course 12 pigs were experimentally inoculated intravenously (iv) with tachyzoites of the T. gondii strains RH (clonal type I), ME49 (clonal type II) and NED (clonal type III) and serologically monitored for a period of 11 weeks. Both IFAT and ELISA showed a similar time course of antibody response to T. gondii; but by IFAT this response was characterized by rapidly rising titers with peaks at two weeks post inoculation (wpi), while the ELISA indices increased slowly and reached a maximum in most animals at five wpi. Three-hundred randomly selected sera from a total of 602 pigs of different ages derived from outdoor and indoor farms from Argentina were analyzed. Serum samples testing either positive or negative by both IFAT and IB were considered as "relative standards of comparison" (RSC). Sensitivity and specificity of TgSAG1-ELISA were obtained by a Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis and statistical agreement among serological tests was evaluated. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 160 of 300 sera (53.3%) by IB, in 133 of 300 (44.3%) by IFAT and in 123 of 300 sera (41%) by TgSAG1-ELISA. One hundred and eleven sera tested positive and 118 sera tested negative by both IFAT and IB (RSC); 103 of 111 positive RSC sera tested positive by TgSAG1-ELISA, and 116 of 118 negative RSC sera tested negative by TgSAG1-ELISA. Agreement observed between RSC and TgSAG1-ELISA was almost perfect (κ=0.9124, p≥0.05) and between IFAT and IB was moderate (κ=0.53, p≥0.05). Relative sensitivity and specificity of the TgSAG1-ELISA using a cut-off index of 0.204 were of 92.8% and 98.3%, respectively. ROC analysis revealed that TgSAG1-ELISA was highly accurate (AUC=0.983) relative to the RSC. According to the results in this study, the ELISA based on affinity purified T. gondii surface antigen TgSAG1 was useful for the specific and sensitive detection of antibodies to this protozoan parasite in naturally infected pigs.     

High prevalence and genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from organic pigs in northern USA

The ingestion of undercooked pork infected with Toxoplasma gondii is considered an important source of transmission of this parasite. While T. gondii infection in confinement raised market pigs (market pigs are typically used for fresh, unprocessed pork products) in the USA has decreased significantly over the last 20 years, infection levels in pigs with access to the outdoors can be quite high. An upsurge in consumer demand for 'organically raised', 'humanely raised' and 'free range' pork products has resulted in increasing numbers of hogs being raised in non-confinement systems. To determine T. gondii infection rate in these organic pigs, prevalence of T. gondii in organically raised pigs in two establishments (Farm 1, Farm 2) in Michigan was investigated. Serum and tissue samples from 33 pigs on the farm were available for T. gondii evaluation at slaughter. Serological testing was performed using both ELISA and the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies to T. gondii were detected by both ELISA and MAT in 30 of 33 animals with MAT titers of 1:25 in three, 1:50 in six, 1:100 in seven, 1:200 in 13, and 1:400 in one. Hearts of all 33 pigs were bioassayed for T. gondii in mice; T. gondii was isolated from 17 pigs including one from a seronegative (both ELISA and MAT) pig. Genetic typing of 16 of the 17 T. gondii isolates using the SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and Apico loci revealed clonal Type II from Farm 1 and clonal Type III on Farm 2. These results revealed very high prevalence of T. gondii in organic pigs for the first time in USA, indicating potentially increased health risk of consuming organic swine products.     

Development of an antibody-detection ELISA for Fasciola hepatica and its evaluation against a commercially available test

An ELISA was developed for the detection of Fasciola hepatica antibody in serum of cattle. The assay was applied to sera from 258 naturally infected cattle, 256 non-infected cattle and six calves experimentally infected with F. hepatica. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA test was 98% (95% confidence intervals, 96-100%) and 96% (95% confidence intervals, 93-98%) respectively at a cut-off value of 15% positivity. The results using sera from the experimentally infected calves showed that antibodies were first detected 2-4 weeks after infection. The ELISA test was also compared to the commercially available Bio-X bovine F. hepatica ELISA kit. A subset of 39 positive sera and 47 negative sera were selected from the samples used to evaluate the in-house test. The results indicated that the agreement between the two tests was almost perfect (k statistic=0.82).     

旋毛虫病McAb快速ELISA诊断盒的研制与应用

本研究建立了ＭｃＡｂ快速诊断猪旋毛虫病的ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂盒，应用旋毛虫单克隆抗体系和层析纯化抗原（ＰＡＡ）与旋毛虫肌幼虫排泄－分泌抗（ＥＳ）作常规ＥＬＩＳＡ平行检测６１头人工感染旋毛虫病猪血样，阳性率均为１００％，检测健康猪血样１０８２头，阴性率也为１００％，检测疫区自然感染猪血样１２５３头，阳性率分别为１．４４％和１．１２％，随机抽采１７５头猪血样和肉样作旋毛虫病消化法，常规法和快速法对比试验，诊     

3种ELISA试剂盒检测不同亚型外源性鸡白血病病毒的比较

为建立一种稳定、快速从感染鸡体内检测或分离外源性鸡白血病病毒(ALV)的简易方法,作者使用A亚型(ALV-A)、C亚型(ALV-C)以及2株J亚型(ALV-J-PY和ALV-J-WS)鸡白血病病毒(ALV)按高、中、低(即100、10、1μL)3种接种量人工接种DF1细胞,在接种后不同时间用A、B、C 3种ELISA试剂盒检测ALV抗原(P27)。结果表明,对ALV-A和ALV-J-PY,高剂量接种时,用A试剂盒在接种后第3天即可检测出;低剂量接种时,第7天可检出。使用B试剂盒,2株病毒的检出时间延长(高剂量组分别为第7天和第5天;低剂量组分别为第15天和第13天);使用C试剂盒,所需检出时间最长(接种后第13天)。对ALV-C和ALV-J-WS毒株,A试剂盒对高剂量组,分别能够在接种后第5天和第9天检出,其它中、低接种量组15 d内均没有检出;而B、C2个试剂盒对3个接种剂量组均没有检测出。从以上结果看出,3种ELISA试剂盒对3种亚型ALV毒株的检出时间存在明显不同,A试剂盒灵敏度最高,能最早作出检测;B试剂盒灵敏度次之。同时,无论使用哪种试剂盒ALVs的检出时间与病毒接种量间存在很大的相关性。本研究结果为外源性ALV的检测及病毒分离研究提供一定的科学依据。