贵州省铜仁地区小黑麦引种试验

小黑麦是小麦和黑麦经属间杂交及染色体加倍后培育成的作物。 1993年从中国农科院作物育种栽培研究所引入到贵州省铜仁市 ,同年 10月份播种。试验结果表明 :所引小黑麦品种能够良好地适应当地自然条件 ,表现出产量高、耐贫瘠、抗性强和生育期适中等特点。可做为粮草兼用的优良品种在当地大力推广种植。     

饲用麦类作物的生物量积累和营养品质动态变化规律

为了探究饲用麦类作物生物量积累和营养品质动态变化规律,2016-2018年在华北平原的河北衡水测定了黑麦、冬性饲用小黑麦、冬小麦、粮饲兼用型小黑麦、燕麦、青稞和春性饲用小黑麦7类麦类作物从拔节期至蜡熟期的生长发育进程、生物量和营养成分含量动态变化。结果显示：黑麦、冬性饲用小黑麦、冬小麦和粮饲兼用型小黑麦一般在5月中下旬达到乳熟期,而燕麦、青稞和春性饲用小黑麦一般在6月上旬。7类麦类作物的平均生物量从拔节期的2.72×10³ kg·hm^-2增长到蜡熟期的10.19×10³ kg·hm^-2,其中冬性饲用小黑麦在各个生育期生物量均显著高于其他6类麦类作物（P<0.05）,较其他6类麦类作物平均提高61.4%。7类麦类作物的粗蛋白含量随着生育期进程逐渐降低,淀粉含量逐渐升高,酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量在开花期前逐渐升高,开花期后略有下降。采用Milk 2006综合评价7类麦类作物饲用品质显示,冬小麦从孕穗期后饲用品质优于其他6类麦类作物,吨干物质产奶量较其他6类麦类作物平均提高6.9%。综合生物量和饲用品质及生育期,冬性饲用小黑麦拔节期至蜡熟期hm²产奶量均显著高于其他6类麦类作物（P<0.05）,较其他6类麦类作物平均提高46.3%,综合表现好,适于在华北平原大面积推广种植。     

饲用小黑麦的特性与应用

饲用小黑麦是小麦与黑麦的属间杂交种，具有明显的杂种优势，生物产量高、营养品质好、抗病抗逆性强，适应性广。饲用小黑麦作为新作物已在饲草工业和生态建设中显示出强大的生命力和很高的生态价值及经济价值，发展潜力巨大。     

青藏高原川西北牧区一年两季饲草种植模式对土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响

【目的】川西北高寒牧区气候寒冷,牧草生长季短,选用抗寒性强的小黑麦品种进行秋播,翌年复种不同作物,可以有效提高土地利用效率和牧草产量。【方法】以8个小黑麦种质（甘农2号小黑麦、甘农3号小黑麦、甘农4号小黑麦、甘农7号小黑麦、藏饲1号小黑麦、小黑麦品系C16、C23、C25）作为秋播材料,次年复种不同作物：B1(50%藏饲1号小黑麦混播50%饲用豌豆),B2(50%藏饲1号小黑麦混播50%箭筈豌豆),B3(50%青甜1号燕麦混播50%饲用豌豆),B4(50%青甜1号燕麦混播50%箭筈豌豆),以研究秋播小黑麦复种不同作物对土壤理化性质（pH值、有机质、全氮、全钾、全磷、速效氮、速效磷及速效钾含量）及土壤酶（过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶及蔗糖酶）活性的影响。【结果】秋播小黑麦复种不同作物后,土壤养分含量及酶活性均有所提高。【结论】秋播甘农4号小黑,翌年麦复种50%藏饲1号小黑麦混播50%饲用豌豆模式对土壤理化及酶活性影响最大,能够改善土壤理化环境及酶活性,有助于提高牧草产量。     

新疆伊犁地区种植小黑麦饲喂奶牛效果好

新疆伊犁地区种植小黑麦饲喂奶牛效果好○新疆伊犁地区奶牛场（８３５３１１）高海如高寿元我们奶牛场于１９９５年从中国农业科学院作物研究所引进Ｈ１８９０和４３３两个小黑麦品种。在当年１０月上旬种植，第二年６月１５日前收获，６月２０日前再复播Ｓ７０４玉米，９...     

苏南丘陵区秋播苜蓿适用伴生作物筛选试验

为解决苏南丘陵区苜蓿苗期的杂草问题,从保护播种入手,在多年生黑麦草、一年生黑麦草、黑麦、小黑麦四种作物共五个品种中寻找适宜的伴生作物.通过对产量、株高、杂草率等多个指标测定分析,筛选出中新830小黑麦、赣选一号黑麦草适于用作苜蓿播种的伴生作物,同时获得两个苜蓿存活率最高的处理：苜蓿（15kg/hm^2）＋中新830小黑麦（150kg/hm^2）撒播及苜蓿（18 kg/hm^2）＋中新830小黑麦（250kg/hm^2）30cm条播.试验还表明撒播方式下,苜蓿播量与其竞争力不成正比。     

苏南丘陵区秋播苜蓿适用伴生作物筛选试验

为解决苏南丘陵区苜蓿苗期的杂草问题,从保护播种入手,在多年生黑麦草、一年生黑麦草、黑麦、小黑麦四种作物共五个品种中寻找适宜的伴生作物。通过对产量、株高、杂草率等多个指标测定分析,筛选出中新830小黑麦、赣选一号黑麦草适于用作苜蓿播种的伴生作物,同时获得两个苜蓿存活率最高的处理:苜蓿(15kg/hm2) 中新830小黑麦(150kg/hm2)撒播及苜蓿(18 kg/hm2) 中新830小黑麦(250kg/hm2)30cm条播。试验还表明撒播方式下,苜蓿播量与其竞争力不成正比。     

苏南丘陵山区秋播紫花苜蓿伴播作物及其播量的筛选

为解决苏南丘陵区紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativaL.)苗期的杂草问题,选择多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lam.)、小黑麦(X Triticosecale Wittm.)、苇状羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)3种作物作为紫花苜蓿的伴播作物,实施不同间、混作方式,通过测定分析产量、株高、杂草量等多个指标,筛选该地区适宜的紫花苜蓿伴播作物及其播量。综合表现较好的伴播组合为:16.7 kg/hm²紫花苜蓿+25.0 kg/hm²赣选一号多花黑麦草,撒播;16.7 kg/hm²紫花苜蓿+266.7 kg/hm²中新830小黑麦,紫花苜蓿行距40 cm条播,行间条播小黑麦。3种伴播作物对紫花苜蓿和杂草的抑制作用大小依次为"赣选一号"多花黑麦草>"中新830"小黑麦>苇状羊茅。     

小黑麦和黑麦主茎基部第2节间解剖结构特征比较

为了解小黑麦和黑麦茎秆结构对作物生产性能的影响,利用常规石蜡切片法和电镜扫描法对小黑麦和黑麦主茎基部第2节间解剖特征进行了比较研究。结果显示:小黑麦和黑麦小维管束处的表皮细胞呈正方形,而小维管束两侧和小维管束之间的表皮细胞均成长方形;小黑麦茎秆中机械组织厚度和细胞层数显著小于黑麦茎秆中机械组织厚度和细胞层数(P0.05),而小黑麦的基本组织厚度大于黑麦茎秆中基本组织厚度;小黑麦茎秆中小维管束数目和大小与黑麦无显著差异,而大维管束的数目和大小均显著大于黑麦茎秆中大维管束数目和大小(P0.05)。小黑麦茎秆中导管、筛管和伴胞的孔径均大于黑麦。从二者茎秆基部第2节间结构特征比较分析,认为小黑麦比黑麦更具抗倒伏能力,生产潜能也高于黑麦。     

奶牛一种新型高产优质饲料作物饲用小黑麦的特点和应用前途

小黑麦是通过小麦与黑麦杂交经染色体加倍,人工创造的一个新物种。本世纪70年代以来,小黑麦在加拿大、法国、德国和欧洲的许多国家快速发展,1987年统计,全世界种植面积约1500万亩。我国种植约40多万亩。以往小黑麦主要收获籽实利用。近年来中国农业科学院作物研究所加强了饲用型小黑麦品种的选育。饲用小黑麦生长势强,植株高大,茎叶繁茂,产草量高,适应性广,初步在畜牧业中推广很受欢迎。我所在北京及河北省的文安洼、永定河故道沙区试种,取得了满意的结果。     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量的不确定度评估

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量,对标准溶液、体积、质谱峰面积、浓缩过程及回收率等测定不确定度因素进行了分析,通过评定各不确定度分量及标准不确定度,得出11种β-受体激动剂的扩展不确定度在0.7 ～ 1.1 ng/mL范围内.由各因素对合成不确定度的贡献比分析可知,影响较大的因素为试验回收率及标准溶液浓度.     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.