黑龙江省梅花鹿驯养繁育利用产业发展分析

受国家林业局保护司委托,我院承担了梅花鹿繁育利用产业发展的课题,分别对全国主要梅花鹿养殖地区梅花鹿目前的生存状况和繁育利用产业政策进行研究,分析了梅花鹿繁育利用的产业前景。亦通过对黑龙江省梅花鹿养殖企业的调研,了解企业目前的经营现状,对其发展前景进行了分析。     

辽宁省梅花鹿驯养繁育利用产业发展分析

受国家林业局保护司委托,我院承担了梅花鹿繁育利用产业发展的课题,分别对全国主要梅花鹿养殖地区进行调研,主要是通过对梅花鹿目前的生存状况、保护措施和繁育利用产业政策进行研究,分析梅花鹿繁育利用的产业前景。此文是对辽宁省8个梅花鹿养殖企业的调研,了解该省企业目前的经营现状,对其发展前景进行分析。     

东北三省梅花鹿驯养繁育利用产业的SWOT分析

根据东北三省梅花鹿养殖地区的实际情况,利用SWOT分析法,对该地区梅花鹿目前的生存状况和繁育利用产业政策进行研究,分析了梅花鹿繁育利用的产业前景,从而为东北三省梅花鹿驯养繁育利用产业发展提供科学决策。     

兴隆山自然保护区梅花鹿资源现状与保护对策

指出了兴隆山保护区通过1990年有目地的引进梅花鹿,之后又进行了两次野外放生,经过20多年的发展,目前兴隆山保护区梅花鹿野外种群达60余头,是保护区人工养殖放生后恢复生物多样性的成功范例,针对当前的管理现状,提出了保护管理的对策。     

简讯

2004年2月21日,位于邕宁县大塘镇的广西邕宁金鹿(梅花鹿)发展有限公司迎来多方宾客——梅花鹿养殖利用项目启动仪式在五彩的花纸和热烈的鞭炮声中举行。 金鹿公司成立于2003年10月,主要从事梅花鹿的繁育、养殖、鹿茸等鹿副产品的     

梅花鹿林下养殖对林地土壤理化性质的影响

通过测定梅花鹿林下养殖林地土壤的容重、总孔隙度、含水量、全氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾等物理化学指标,确定梅花鹿养殖对林地土壤理化性质的影响及干扰程度,并探究土壤对梅花鹿林下养殖干扰的响应。研究发现随着梅花鹿林下养殖密度的增大,林地土壤容重随之增加,孔隙度减小,含水量降低,土壤中全氮、全磷、速效磷、速效钾含量呈现先增加后随之减小的现象。梅花鹿养殖区域林下土壤的理化性质的变化受到梅花鹿养殖及其密度影响,适度的放养有利于土壤物理性质的改善,增加土壤营养成分的沉积。养殖密度一但超过承载量,将造成土壤的物理性质下降以及营养成分的流失。     

特种畜禽养殖的前景分析

特畜养殖品种如梅花鹿、马鹿、小尾寒羊、肉狗、肉兔、小型猪、香猪、麝鼠、海狸鼠、果子狸、竹鼠、蛇、蛤蚧等在我国已经形成一定规模。梅花鹿、马鹿受国外市场冲击,使我国自产的鹿茸及其制品销售受阻。因此,不宜盲目发展。小型猪、香猪、麝鼠、海狸鼠、竹鼠等养殖品种由于前几年被炒种者炒作，挫伤了养殖者的养殖积极性，消费市场和加工相对滞后，全国存量逐渐减少，预计年养殖前景相对看好。果子狸属于国家保护动物，目前多为暂养，不宜大量发展。过去几年肉鸽一直看好，市场平稳，肉鸽养殖趋向稳中有升，     

云南省蛇类驯养繁殖产业现状与发展对策

为全面了解云南省蛇类驯养繁殖发展现状及存在的主要问题,对云南省蛇类驯养繁殖产业现状进行了全面、系统的调查。云南省具备蛇类驯养繁殖产业发展的良好条件,在分析目前蛇类驯养繁殖产业状况和存在问题的基础上,针对性地提出了产业发展对策。     

云南省野生动物人工繁育产业发展调查与评估

结合云南省第二次陆生野生动物资源调查结果,对全省野生动物人工繁育产业发展情况进行实地调查,并按人工繁育目的和技术状况进行分类,从养殖规模、种源来源、养殖技术成熟度、产品市场规模与销售渠道、经济效益等方面分析产业发展现状和人工繁育物种现状,评估各物种养殖产业发展现状及前景,得出动物养殖技术成熟度结论,进而评估养殖单位的现状与发展前景。分析产业发展中存在的问题,提出转变观念,有序发展,增加投入,紧抓重点,促进国家重点保护动物人工繁育研究,设置产业准入门槛,加强人工繁育产业监管等建议。     

内蒙古阿尔山市国有林区濒危野生动物——梅花鹿的保护与繁育

文章阐述梅花鹿的形态特征及生活习性以及阿尔山市国有林区梅花鹿资源现状。重点阐述了梅花鹿资源的保护和繁育措施,以利于该地区梅花鹿种群数量的递增。     

麝类动物生物学特征与养殖业发展关系的探讨

我国麝类动物养殖业已有50余年的历史,但受到疾病和成活率的困扰,人工繁育种群长期徘徊不前。许多学者从饲养麝类动物的行为、生理、疾病等方面开展了研究,但未见结合麝类物种生物学特征与产业发展的研究。鉴于此,从麝类形态特征、行为特征、生理特征、遗传特征与养殖业的关系,分析目前麝养殖业发展需要关注的问题,并提出相应的见解,以期对我国麝类养殖业发展有所裨益。     

Red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) management in the dehesa system in Central Extremadura,Spain

In this paper we report the results of a study on the suitability of the dehesa (Mediterranean woodlands) as habitat of red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) in a closed country estate of about 4300 ha total surface situated in the San Pedro Mountain, in Central Extremadura, Spain. We have described the deer management with respect to habitat, exploitation mode, deer feeding, population control and production of goods and services. It is concluded that the dehesa system is a rich natural resource that preserves and improves the degraded environment.

---

Resumen En el presente trabajo se estudia la dehesa como hábitat del ciervo (Cervus elaphus hispanicus). Se ha tomado como referencia una finca cerrada de 4300 ha de ST situada en la Sierra de San Pedro, en Extremadura, España. Se describen los sistemas de gestión actuales del ciervo en cuanto a hábitat, modo de explotación, alimentación, control de población y producción de bienes y servicios. Concluyendo con la necesidad de fomentar este tipo de explotaciones cinegéticas de dehesa que ayudan a conservar y potenciar el medio ambiente en zonas despobladas y deprimidas

---

Abbreviations CS collected surface - DMFCU deedmixed feed cattle units - Fi final inventory - FS fertilized surface - Ii Initial inventory - K Potassium - N Nitrogen - NBF number of breeding females - NBFIi number of breeding females of initial inventory - NBFR number of breeding females released - NBM number of breeding males - NBMIi number of breeding males of initial inventory - NBMR number of breeding males released - NCCR number of captive calves released - NCFi number of calves of final inventory - NCR number of calves released - NFR number of female renovation - NYMR number of young males released - NYFR number of young females released - P phosphorus - PP permanent Pastures - pts pesetas - QS Quercus stalks - RDED resources directly eaten by deer - SPOM selected hunted down poor quality males - SS sowed surface - TN total needs of deer - TNR total number released - UAS useable agrarian surface - WB wooded brush - WQS wooded Quercus surface - WS wooded surface     

Direct and indirect weather impacts on spring populations of lesser spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos minor) in Norway

Abstract

In Norway, a positive relationship between spring numbers of lesser spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos minor) and previous June temperatures has been interpreted as an effect of temperatures on woodpecker survival and reproduction during the breeding season. This article considers the possibility that woodpecker numbers are related to the abundance of the moth Argyresthia goedartella in the current year. Larvae and pupae of A. goedartella are important food for lesser spotted woodpeckers in early spring when few other surface-living invertebrates are available. The occurrence of this moth depends on the flowering of birch (Betula spp.) and alder (Alnus glutinosa), which in turn is influenced by June temperatures in the preceding year. Spring numbers of the lesser spotted woodpecker in two regions of Norway were compared with a trapping index of A. goedartella and weather variables assumed to influence the woodpeckers’ breeding success and adult survival. The best multiple regression model included December temperatures and moth indices, supporting the hypothesis of a strong impact of A. goedartella on spring survival. Conservation strategies for the lesser spotted woodpecker should therefore focus not only on minimum areas of deciduous forests with decaying wood, but also on the availability of the moths’ host trees, birch and alder.     

我国核桃新品种选育研究进展

核桃新品种的选育和开发是促进核桃产业发展的重要因素。为了培养核桃优良新品种,以推动我国核桃产业快速、稳定、健康的发展,对近10年来我国核桃选育机构、选育目标、选育方法、手段和选育新品种等方面的科研成果进行了总结,指出了我国核桃育种的研究方向和发展趋势。     

观赏植物新品种选育的方法与途径*

分析了观赏植物新品种选育的主要方法和途径．简要讨论了传统常规育种和现代分子育种在培育和创造新品种中的地位和作用，认为现阶段我国花卉育种应将两者有机结合起来。     

梅花鹿的生态生物学研究进展

梅花鹿（Cervus nippon）隶属偶蹄目鹿科,是濒危级珍稀保护动物,主要分布在黑龙江、吉林、江西、浙江、安徽、四川和甘肃省等地。总结了梅花鹿的分类与分布、种群密度和结构、生境选择、行为、繁殖、食性以及生存现状,提出了相应保护对策。     

云南省野猪产业发展现状与对策分析

从介绍野猪生物学特性入手,阐述云南省野猪产业的现状以及发展该产业的自然条件、政策法规、科研技术和产业基础等优势,分析云南省野猪产业存在的养殖规模小、技术欠缺、产品附加值低、监管不完善及宣传不到位等问题,提出了选育优良品系、科学养殖、扩大产业规模、提高产品附加值、保证产品质量、拓宽销售渠道、扶持龙头企业以及加强政策宣传等促进产业发展的对策。     

Anti-browsing effects of birch bark extract on fallow deer

A major problem within forest industry is unwanted browsing on seedlings from mammalian herbivores. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of birch bark extracts as repellents towards fallow deer. Birch bark was extracted in a conventional way with ethanol as solvent at ambient temperature and with a new method, liquid CO₂ extraction. An analysis of the ethanol-extracted birch bark showed that it contained large amounts of terpenoids, of which the most abundant was betulin. In seven different treatment trials, we used 15 individually handled fallow deer. To investigate the binary taste preferences, birch bark extract was added to food and presented in two bowls in typical two-choice tests. We found that the amount of a food type consumed during a trial and the number of shifts between food bowls were dependent on the amount of the birch extract the food contained. Concentrations of above 1 % by dry weight of birch extract acted as a repellent. In addition, such concentrations produced shorter feeding bouts by a greater willingness to change bowls. Therefore, our conclusion is that birch bark extract acts as a repellent towards fallow deer and is therefore likely to act as a repellent against other deer species. In addition, we show that birch bark extract produced by the new and more environmentally sustainable method employing liquid CO₂ mixed with ethanol has the same repellent effect as the traditional ethanol extraction.     

Is deer herbivory directly proportional to deer population density? Comparison of deer feeding frequencies among six forests with different deer density

The intensity of deer herbivory, rather than simply the deer population density, directly affects the forest ecosystem, but a linear relationship between these two factors has generally been assumed. To assess their relationship, we investigated deer population density and tree sapling vegetation in six forests with different deer density on Yakushima Island, Japan. The feeding frequency was used as an index of deer herbivory. Palatable saplings showed high feeding frequency and became rare in deer-abundant areas, while unpalatable saplings showed low feeding frequency and increased with increasing deer density. In addition, feeding frequency on sapling vegetation did not continue to increase with increasing deer population and was limited to only 0.24-0.32 in deer-abundant areas (more than 20 deer/km²). These data suggest that deer shift their main food items from living palatable saplings to other alternatives such as litter fall rather than living unpalatable saplings. Clearly, the nonlinear relationship between deer density and deer herbivory on forest vegetation could result from a change in the food eaten by deer, and it is therefore necessary to assess the impacts of deer based on not only the size of the deer population but also the intensity of direct herbivory.