水稻抗病基因同源序列的克隆及测序分析

 根据已知的NBS LRR类及丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶类抗病基因结构中氨基酸的保守区域，设计了两组简并引物用于扩增广谱抗稻瘟病品种云系2号中的抗病基因同源序列。结果一共获得11类的NBS-LRR类抗病基因同源片段及16类的丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶类抗病基因同源片段。所有11类的抗病基因同源系列均含有NBS-LRR类抗病基因的保守序列，如P-loop、Kinase 2、Kinase 3a以及跨膜区域等。所有16类的蛋白激酶的序列均含有丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶所共有的催化区Ⅵ（共有氨基酸序列：DLKPEN）、Ⅷ（共有氨基酸序列：GT/SXXYXAPE）以及蛋白激酶的其他催化区。两条NBS-LRR类的抗病基因同源片段YR1、YR12分别与抗病基因I2 C-2及Xa1氨基酸同源性很高(>50%)。7条丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶类的抗病基因同源片段与已克隆的[WTBX][STBX]Xa21、Pto、Lr10[WTBZ][STBZ]等抗病基因的氨基酸序列超过60%的相同以及76%~78%的氨基酸类似。     

大豆GmMP基因的功能预测及表达分析

通过在大豆基因组数据库中检索拟南芥AtMP(ARF5)在大豆中的同源基因,获得了GmMP基因序列。对GmMP基因编码的氨基酸序列及启动子序列进行生物信息学分析,结果表明:GmMP基因CDS序列全长2 802 bp,编码933个氨基酸。GmMP编码的蛋白为疏水性蛋白。结构域分析表明:GmMP含有B3和AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR结构域,同时该基因是ARF家族的成员。GmMP预测的启动子区域含有与激素、胁迫、光应答、生物钟调控和转录因子结合相关的顺式作用元件。系统进化分析表明MP在豆科植物进化过程中比较保守。组织特异性表达分析结果显示GmMP在叶片中表达量最低,在茎尖中表达量最高,推测其可能参与生长素的代谢途径。     

水稻谷蛋白基因GluB-6的cDNA克隆及表达

根据已克隆谷蛋白基因的保守氨基酸序列搜索基因组数据库,获得与之高度同源的水稻基因组序列,通过生物软件进行基因预测和验证,用RT PCR法克隆得到1个新的谷蛋白基因的cDNA克隆。核酸序列分析和体外表达结果表明,该基因cDNA序列全长为1517 bp,含有1个编码495个氨基酸残基的开放阅读框（ORF）,推导的氨基酸序列与谷蛋白基因家族的相似性介于53.6%~82.8%,并与B亚族谷蛋白基因的同源性更高,因此命名为GluB 6（GenBank注册号AY429651）。Northern杂交显示,GluB 6基因具有高度的胚乳表达特性。     

中国水仙STK类抗病基因同源序列的克隆与分析

根据丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶类(serine-threonine kinase,STK)抗病基因结构中的保守结构域设计简并引物,以中国水仙的基因组DNA为模板,扩增获得4条STK类抗病基因同源序列。同源性分析表明,其均具有STK保守结构域,与已经克隆的Xa21、Pto、Lr10、Lectin等基因在氨基酸水平上的同源性为38.3%～68%。系统进化树分析表明,它们可能是抗病基因的同源序列,这为进一步克隆中国水仙中STK类抗病基因提供依据。     

香蕉NBS-LRR抗病基因类似序列的克隆和分析

根据大多数抗病基因的核苷酸结合区(NBS)和富含亮氨酸重复序列(LRR)保守区的氨基酸序列设计PCR简并引物,利用快速而又可行的简并PCR技术获得NBS-LRR类抗病基因类似序列。笔者利用该技术从香蕉cDNA中获得了一个NBS-LRR类抗病基因类似序列,命名为B-NB(SAY739270)。结构域分析发现,B-NBS含有NBS蛋白所具有的P-Loop、Kinase-2、Kinase-3a和下游疏水GLPLAL结构域(HD,GLPLAL)4个保守基序。聚类分析发现,B-NBS与已报道的6个植物抗病基因的NBS基序的遗传距离在21.7之内。因此,B-NBS是一个香蕉NBS-LRR类抗病基因类似序列。本研究将为香蕉抗病基因克隆和抗病机理研究提供新的抗病候选基因资源。     

木薯一个假定的NBS类抗病基因的获得及其功能分析

根据已克隆植物NBS类抗病基因的保守结构域设计一对简并引物,以抗细菌性枯萎病木薯种质E1340基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增获得大小约0.5 kb的产物。该产物克隆、测序后比对木薯基因组数据库,分别获取其上下游各1.7 kb和2.0 kb的序列,进行基因预测。预测结果表明,扩增到的序列位于一个预测基因内,该基因命名为SNB1。序列分析表明,该基因编码986 aa,具有NBS类抗病基因的结构特征,是一个假定的抗病基因,可能在木薯抗细菌性枯萎病过程中发挥重要作用。     

黑皮冬瓜NBS类抗病基因同源序列克隆与分析

以黑皮冬瓜"B98K"种质为试材,根据已克隆的植物NBS类抗病基因保守结构域设计简并引物,PCR扩增冬瓜基因组DNA,获得对应区段的DNA片段,回收克隆与测序后,得到19条抗病同源序列(命名为DNB1至DNB19)。利用DNAStar软件进行序列分析及同源性比对发现,这些抗病同源序列长度在249~252 nt之间,其核苷酸序列同源性在48.4%~98.8%之间,氨基酸序列同源性为23.2%~100.0%,推导氨基酸序列具有P-loop(GGVGKTT)、Kinase-2a(VLDDVW)典型的NBS保守结构域。同源进化分析将其全部归为non TIR-NBS-LRR类,与推导氨基酸序列多重比较结果一致;该序列与其他作物已克隆抗病基因的氨基酸序列同源性在24.7%~99.0%之间。该组序列已登录Genbank,登录号为KF776401~KF776419。     

白菜型油菜八氢番茄红素合酶基因BrPSY的克隆与序列分析

八氢番茄红素合酶（PSY）是类胡萝卜素合成途经的第一个关键限速酶,对类胡萝卜素合成起着重要的控制作用。本研究利用电子克隆技术,从油菜EST数据库中找到与拟南芥PSY基因高度同源的油菜EST序列,通过人工拼接及RT-PCR、RACE的方法,克隆得到白菜型油菜BrPSY基因全长cDNA的序列,提交GenBank,被命名为BrPSY（GenBank登记号EU138883）。BrPSY包含168bp的5’前导序列、69bp的3’不翻译序列和1 278bp的完整开放读码框（ORF）,编码47.6 kDa的蛋白质。序列比对结果表明,BrPSY蛋白与其它植物的PSY蛋白具有很高的相似性;系统进化树分析表明,BrPSY与拟南芥亲缘关系最近。在全长cDNA序列的基础上,设计引物从白菜型油菜DNA中克隆得到BrPSY基因的全长DNA序列,含有7个外显子和6个内含子。     

向日葵NBS-LRR抗病基因家族全基因组分析

利用生物信息学方法对向日葵基因组的蛋白质数据库进行搜索,共获得255个富含亮氨酸的重复序列和核苷酸结合位点(nucleotide binding site and leucine rich repeat,NBS-LRR)类抗病基因的蛋白质序列,并根据结构域类型,将其分为TIR和Non-TIR两类。进一步对其中42个同时含有LRR和NBS结构域的LRR-NBS型基因编码蛋白质的理化性质、氨基酸序列及基因在染色体上的物理分布进行分析,结果表明,基因多分布于4号、8号和13号染色体,而且52.4%以基因簇存在;结构域预测结果显示,该类蛋白都具有特征结构域NBS结构域,氨基酸序列同源性为29.26%。对6个NBS类基因经向日葵锈菌诱导后的表达分析表明,6个基因均可被向日葵锈菌诱导表达,说明其可能参与了向日葵响应锈菌胁迫的抗病反应过程。     

白菜型油菜八氢番茄红素脱氢酶基因PDS3的克隆与序列分析

利用电子克隆技术,从数据库中找到与拟南芥高度同源的油菜EST序列,继而通过RT-PCR和RACE等方法,成功克隆了白菜型油菜八氢番茄红素脱氢酶（类胡萝卜素合成途径中的一个关键限速酶）基因PDS3的cDNA,命名为BrPDS3（GenBank 登记号GQ200741）。cDNA序列全长1940bp,其中包含114bp的5’前导序列和134bp的3’不翻译序列,编码区长度为1 692bp,编码63kD的蛋白。序列分析表明,BrPDS3蛋白与其他植物的PDS蛋白具有较高相似性;在系统进化树中,BrPDS3与甘蓝亲缘关系最近。根据全长cDNA序列设计引物,从白菜型油菜青油13号DNA中克隆得到BrPDS3基因的全长DNA,长度为3 911bp,ORF（开放阅读框）1 692bp,含有15个外显子和14个内含子。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.