Enhancement of hepatocellular proliferative activity of kojic acid in mice by a simultaneous administration of ascorbic acid

To examine the tumor modification activity of kojic acid (KA) by sodium ascorbic acid (AA), 5-week-old male ICR mice were administered intraperitoneally with N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) as an initiation treatment. Two weeks after the initiation treatment, animals were fed basal diet containing 0 (Group 1: DEN alone) or 3% KA (Group 3: DEN+KA), drinking water containing 5,000 ppm AA (Group 2: DEN+AA) or 3% KA and 5,000 ppm AA (Group 4: DEN+KA+AA) for 6 weeks. One week after the administration of KA and/or AA, all mice were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy. At the end of the experimental period, all surviving mice were sacrificed and removed the liver. The liver weights of the Groups 3 and 4 were significantly increased, and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive hepatocytes and the gene expressions of Ccnc, Ccnd1, Ercc and Cyp7a1 were significantly increased in the Group 4, as compared to the Group 1. These results of the present study suggest that AA enhances the hepatocellular proliferative activity of KA in mice.     

NAC通过抑制大鼠肺细胞凋亡缓解镉致肺组织损伤

本试验旨在探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）在镉（Cd）致去卵巢大鼠肺细胞凋亡和肺组织损伤的缓解作用。40只雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术对照（Control）组、Cd组、NAC组和NAC+Cd组，每组10只。18个月后，取大鼠肺组织，镜检观察组织HE染色与Masson染色后的病理学变化，应用火焰原子吸收光谱法检测组织中Cd的含量，应用qRT-PCR法检测组织纤维化关键蛋白Col-I和Col-III mRNA水平，并应用Western blot检测凋亡关键蛋白（Bcl-2、Bax及cleaved caspase-3）及p53的表达与Akt磷酸化。结果显示，与Control组相比，Cd组肺组织中肺泡结构消失和纤维组织增生，Cd的含量极显著增加（P<0.01），Col-I和Col-III mRNA水平、Bax/Bcl-2比值、cleaved caspase-3与p53的表达极显著上调（P<0.01），Akt磷酸化受抑制。与Cd组相比，NAC+Cd组减轻了肺组织病理变化，显著（P<0.01）降低了肺组织中Cd的含量，下调了Col-I和Col-III mRNA水平和Bax/Bcl-2比值、cleaved caspase-3与p53的表达，提高了Akt磷酸化水平。综上表明，NAC对Cd致大鼠肺组织损伤和肺细胞凋亡具有较好的缓解作用。     

乙酰半胱氨酸对铅致大鼠肾脏皮质氧化损伤的保护效应

采用饮水对大鼠进行铅染毒(300mg/L)和NAC保护(Pb 300mg/L+NAC 1g/L)试验,为期8周,通过检测肾皮质中抗氧化指标和微量元素含量变化及超微结构来探讨铅对肾的毒性损伤及NAC的保护效应。结果表明,与对照组比较,铅染毒组及NAC保护组肾皮质中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著或极显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),肾皮质中锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)、硒(Se)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。与染毒组比较,NAC保护组肾皮质SOD、GSH-Px活性和GSH含量显著升高(P<0.05);肾皮质Mn、Se含量显著升高(P<0.05)。超微结构观察发现,铅染毒使肾皮质中细胞核染色质边集,有大量畸形核,线粒体肿胀变形,部分嵴断裂,溶解;NAC保护组损伤变化轻微。表明NAC对铅暴露所致肾毒性损伤具有一定的保护效应。     

苜蓿皂苷对SD大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响及其分子机理的初步探讨

研究了苜蓿皂苷对SD大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响,并初步探讨其分子机理。取雄性健康SD大鼠32只,随机分为4组,分别为:正常对照组、苜蓿皂苷组、高脂模型组和高脂皂苷组,每组8只。前4周为高脂模型建立期,后4周为灌胃期,正常对照组和苜蓿皂苷组饲喂基础饲粮,其余2组饲喂高脂饲粮,苜蓿皂苷组和高脂皂苷组从第5周开始灌胃240 mg/kg苜蓿皂苷,灌胃4周。测定试验大鼠体重、肝脏系数、血脂水平、粪便和肝脏中的胆固醇、胆汁酸含量,并用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测大鼠肝脏胆固醇7α-羟化酶(CYP7a1)和三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体G5/三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体G8(ABCG5/ABCG8) mRNA的表达量。结果表明,1)苜蓿皂苷显著降低高脂大鼠体重、肝脏系数;降低血清中总胆固醇含量,加速胆固醇向肝脏的聚集;增加粪便中胆固醇和胆汁酸的排出; 2)显著增加正常血脂水平大鼠粪便中胆固醇的含量,但对其体重、肝脏系数等影响不大;3)添加苜蓿皂苷后正常和高脂水平SD大鼠肝脏CYP7a1和ABCG5/ABCG8 mRNA的表达量均成倍增加。提示苜蓿皂苷能够调节SD大鼠体内胆固醇的分布,具有良好的降血脂效应,其效应可能与增加CYP7a1和ABCG5/ABCG8 mRNA表达量,加速体内胆固醇、胆汁酸排泄有关。     

母鼠妊娠期铅镉联合暴露对新生鼠体内微量元素含量的影响及NAC的保护效应

为了研究母鼠妊娠期铅镉联合暴露对新生鼠体内微量元素Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn和Se及N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-Ace-tylcysteine,NAC)的保护作用,35只怀孕SD母鼠被随机分为7组,即A组为对照组(饮用蒸馏水)、B组为铅组(300 mg/L)、C组为铅+NAC组(300 mg/L+20 mmol/L)、D组为镉组(10 mg/L)、E组为镉+NAC组(10 mg/L+20 mmol/L),F组为铅+镉组(300 mg/L+10 mg/L)、G组为铅+镉+NAC组(300 mg/L+10 mg/L+20 mmol/L).采用饮水染毒.染毒时间为21 d,分娩后应用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(Inductively coupled plasma mass spec-troscopy,ICP-MS)检测新生鼠体内微量元素Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn和Se含量.结果表明,与对照组比较,各染毒组新生鼠体内微量元素Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn和Se含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05).D组较B组降低明显,F组降低最为显著,铅镉联合表现协同毒性效应,镉在铅镉联合毒性损伤中发挥主要作用,与各染毒组比较,NAC保护组新生鼠体内微量元素Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn和Se含量均有不同程度升高,部分组间有显著差异(P<0.05),说明NAC对铅、镉致新生鼠体内微量元素平衡紊乱具有一定的保护作用.     

高脂饲粮和高碳水化合物饲粮对大鼠脂肪代谢的影响

本试验旨在以相同代谢能水平为基础,研究高脂饲粮和高碳水化合物饲粮对大鼠脂肪代谢的影响。选取48只8周龄雄性SD大鼠,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复2只。3个组分别饲喂高脂饲粮(HF组)、高碳水化合物饲粮(HC组)和对照饲粮(CON组),试验期9周。结果表明:1)与CON组相比,HF组、HC组大鼠的初重、末重、日增重均无显著差异(P0.05),日采食量极显著降低(P0.01),饲料转化效率极显著升高(P0.01)。2)各组大鼠的Lee’s指数、肾脏指数、胃指数、脾脏指数、肝脏指数无显著差异(P0.05)。3)与CON组和HF组相比,HC组大鼠血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著或极显著升高(P0.05或P0.01);与HC组和CON组相比,HF组大鼠血清葡萄糖含量极显著增加(P0.01),血清尿素氮含量极显著降低(P0.01)。与CON组相比,HF组和HC组大鼠肝脏甘油三酯含量极显著升高(P0.01),HF组大鼠肝脏总胆固醇含量极显著升高(P0.01)。4)与CON组相比,HF组和HC组大鼠肝脏磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸激酶(PEPCK)mRNA表达量极显著增加(P0.01);与CON组和HC组相比,HF组大鼠肝脏胆固醇调节元件结合蛋白1(SREBP1)mRNA表达量极显著增加(P0.01)。综上所述,相同代谢能水平下,HF组和HC组大鼠体重无显著增加。HC组大鼠血脂升高;HF组大鼠血清葡萄糖、肝脏总胆固醇含量升高,血清尿素氮含量下降。HF组和HC组大鼠肝脏甘油三酯含量升高,且通过肝脏PEPCK和SREBP1基因表达调控途径影响脂肪代谢     

Development of a Medium-term Animal Model Using gpt Delta Rats to Evaluate Chemical Carcinogenicity and Genotoxicity

In this study, the potential for development of an animal model (GPG46) capable of rapidly detecting chemical carcinogenicity and the underlying mechanisms of action were examined in gpt delta rats using a reporter gene assay to detect mutations and a medium-term rat liver bioassay to detect tumor promotion. The tentative protocol for the GPG46 model was developed based on the results of dose-response exposure to diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and treatment with phenobarbital over time following DEN administration. Briefly, gpt delta rats were exposed to various chemicals for 4 weeks, followed by a partial hepatectomy (PH) to collect samples for an in vivo mutation assay. The mutant frequencies (MFs) of the reporter genes were examined as an indication of tumor initiation. A single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 10 mg/kg DEN was administered to rats 18 h after the PH to initiate hepatocytes. Tumor-promoting activity was evaluated based on the development of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci at week 10. The genotoxic carcinogens 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinolone (IQ) and safrole (SF), the non-genotoxic carcinogens piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and phenytoin (PHE), the non-carcinogen acetaminophen (APAP) and the genotoxic non-hepatocarcinogen aristolochic acid (AA) were tested to validate the GPG46 model. The validation results indicate that the GPG46 model could be a powerful tool in understanding chemical carcinogenesis and provide valuable information regarding human risk hazards.     

苜蓿皂苷对胆固醇逆向转运基因三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1、清道夫受体BⅠmRNA表达的影响

本试验以大鼠肝脏和肝脏细胞(BRL细胞)及小鼠巨噬细胞(ANA-1细胞)为研究对象,从动物和细胞水平上研究苜蓿皂苷对胆固醇逆向转运基因三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)、清道夫受体BⅠ(SR-BⅠ)mRNA表达的影响。取雄性健康SD大鼠32只,随机分成4组,分别为正常对照组、苜蓿皂苷组、高脂模型组和高脂苜蓿皂苷组,每组8只。正常对照组和苜蓿皂苷组饲喂基础饲粮,其余2组均饲喂高脂饲粮,饲喂4周后,苜蓿皂苷组和高脂皂苷组从第5周开始每天灌胃240 mg/kg苜蓿皂苷,灌胃4周。采用胎牛血清作用于BRL细胞48 h,构建脂变模型,将BRL细胞分为正常对照组(正常细胞)、苜蓿皂苷组(正常细胞)、脂变模型组(脂变细胞)和脂变皂苷组(脂变细胞),苜蓿皂苷组、脂变皂苷组培养液中添加苜蓿皂苷(终浓度300μg/m L),培养24 h。采用氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)作用于ANA-1细胞48 h,构建荷脂模型,将ANA-1细胞分为正常对照组(正常细胞)、苜蓿皂苷组(正常细胞)、荷脂模型组(荷脂细胞)和荷脂皂苷组(荷脂细胞),苜蓿皂苷组、荷脂皂苷组培养液中添加苜蓿皂苷(终浓度300μg/m L),培养24 h。采用荧光定量PCR法测定大鼠肝脏、BRL细胞和ANA-1细胞中ABCA1、SR-BⅠmRNA表达量。结果表明:1)苜蓿皂苷显著提高了正常大鼠肝脏ABCA1和SR-BⅠmRNA表达量(P0.05),显著提高了高脂大鼠肝脏ABCA1 mRNA的表达量(P0.05),对高脂大鼠肝脏SR-BⅠmRNA表达量影响不显著(P0.05);2)苜蓿皂苷显著提高了正常BRL细胞ABCA1和SR-BⅠmRNA的表达量(P0.05),而对脂变BRL细胞ABCA1和SR-BⅠmRNA表达量影响不大(P0.05);3)苜蓿皂苷显著降低正常ANA-1细胞ABCA1 mRNA表达量(P0.05)。由此可见,苜蓿皂苷可通过上调大鼠肝脏和正常肝脏细胞ABCA1和SR-BⅠmRNA的表达促进胆固醇的逆向转运,增强肝脏胆固醇排泄,从而发挥其对高脂血症的预防和治疗作用。     

Susceptibility of liver proliferative lesions in heterozygous p53 deficient CBA mice to various carcinogens

To investigate the liver tumorigenic sensitivity to various carcinogens in heterozygous p53 deficient [p53 (+/-)] CBA mice and their wild-type littermates [p53 (+/+) mice], 71 p53 (+/-) and 74 p53 (+/+) CBA mice (male, 6-12 weeks of age) were given diet containing 4,000 or 0 ppm flumequine (FL) for 26 weeks or a single intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg body weights dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) at start of the study in Exp. 1, diet containing 6,000 or 0 ppm di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) for 26 weeks in Exp. 2, or diet containing 12,000, 6,000 or 0 ppm phenolphthalein (PhP) for 26 weeks in Exp. 3. All surviving animals of these groups were killed after completion of treatment of the test substances for 26 weeks. In the FL groups, the incidences of hepatocellular altered foci in p53 (+/-) mice, the multiplicities of those in p53 (+/-) and p53 (+/+) mice were significantly increased as compared to the corresponding control groups. The incidences and multiplicities of altered foci in the DMN groups were higher than those in the corresponding control groups in p53 (+/-) and p53 (+/+) mice, but no significant differences were indicated between the groups. There were no significant differences in the incidences, multiplicities and proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling indices of altered foci in the FL or DMN groups between p53 (+/-) and p53 (+/+) mice. There were no significant differences in the incidences and multiplicities of altered foci between the DEHP or PhP and control groups. The present results suggest that p53 gene knocked out heterozygously does not enhance the chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in CBA mice.     

Cyclooxygenase 2 and Prostaglandin E2 are not Involved in N-Nitrosodiethylamine-Initiated Early Rat Hepatocarcinogenesis

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with nimesulide or eugenol on N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-initiated early hepatocarcinogenesis in F344 male rats. Both compounds did not alter the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1, the enzyme that plays a major role in the activation of DEN to genotoxic products; however, nimesulide induced the expression of CYP1A1. Western blot analysis revealed that COX-1 and COX-2 protein expressions were not modulated by DEN compared with normal controls. Furthermore, post-initiation feeding with nimesulide or eugenol did not modulate COX-2 protein expression in normal or DEN-treated rats, whereas eugenol significantly increased the liver prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) levels of DEN-injected animals compared with the DEN controls. Ultimately, nimesulide or eugenol did not modify DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis as evidenced by insignificant changes in the number and size of preneoplastic placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) positive liver foci compared with the DEN controls. These results suggest that COX-2, as well as prostaglandin E(2), may play no role in the post-initiation development of DEN-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis at an early stage.     

苜蓿皂甙对高脂血症大鼠胆固醇代谢及肝脏ACAT-2和HMG-CoAr基因表达的影响

探讨苜蓿皂甙对高脂血症大鼠胆固醇代谢及肝脏胆固醇酰基转移酶2(ACAT-2),羟甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶(HMG-CoAr)基因表达的影响。取雄性健康Sprague Dawley大鼠(SD)40只,随机分为4组,分别为:正常对照组A、高脂模型组B、苜蓿皂甙预防组C和苜蓿皂甙治疗组D。除正常对照组外,其余各组均饲喂高脂饲料,其中预防组从第1周开始灌胃苜蓿皂甙,治疗组从第5周开始灌胃苜蓿皂甙,试验期8周。观察试验大鼠体重、肝脏系数、血脂水平和肝脏病理变化情况,并用酶联免疫法(ELISA)和Real-time PCR技术分别检测大鼠肝脏HMG-CoAr和ACAT-2的蛋白和mRNA表达结果。结果表明,1)苜蓿皂甙可以显著降低高脂模型大鼠体重、肝脏系数、血清TC和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平及改善肝脏脂化程度(P<0.05)。2)苜蓿皂甙预防组和治疗组ACAT-2的蛋白和mRNA表达量极显著低于模型组(P<0.01),而HMG-CoAr 的蛋白及mRNA表达水平与模型组比较则差异不显著。苜蓿皂甙通过降低肝脏ACAT-2的表达,抑制机体对外源胆固醇的吸收,发挥对高脂血症的预防和治疗作用。     

富硒麦芽对实验性肝癌大鼠NO、NOS和脂质过氧化的影响

50只清洁级sD大鼠随机分为4组：对照组（5只）、模型组（15只）、富硒麦芽组（15只）和亚硒酸钠组（15只）。对照组和模型组饲喂大鼠基础饲料，饲料含硒量为0．1mg／kg；富硒麦芽组和亚硒酸钠组分别在基础饲料中补充富硒麦芽和亚硒酸钠，饲料含硒量为3．0mg／kg。除对照组外，其余3组采用0．01％二乙基亚硝胺（DEN）诱发大鼠肝癌16周，停止诱癌后继续饲养2周再处死全部大鼠，观察富硒麦芽对丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、白蛋白（ALB）、总胆红素（TBIL）、一氧化氮（NO）、一氧化氮合成酶（NOS）、丙二醛（MDA）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）的影响。结果显示，富硒麦芽组大鼠血浆ALT、ALP、TBII—NO、MDA和肝组织NO、NOs、MDA显著低于模型组，全血和肝组织GSH—Px活性显著高于模型组；与亚硒酸钠组相比，富硒麦芽组大鼠血浆和肝组织的NO含量和NOS活性显著降低。试验表明富硒麦芽具有减轻肝脏损伤、延缓大鼠肝癌形成的能力，其作用机制之一可能为富硒麦芽能抑制NO的产生，清除体内大量过剩的氧自由基。减轻NO等自由基所致的脂质过氧化损伤。     

内毒素对肝脏p53表达及Ca2+浓度的影响

为探讨内毒素在致大鼠肝损伤过程中对肝脏p53表达及Ca2+浓度的影响,将48只SD大鼠随机分2组:Ⅰ组为NS对照组;Ⅱ组为ET致病组,2组大鼠分别于第3、4、8、12h每组各处死6只,采集肝脏分别用于p53表达的Western-blotting检测和Ca2+浓度的FCM检测。结果显示,Ⅱ组p53的表达明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),且Ⅱ组一直呈上升趋势;Ⅱ组Ca2+的荧光指数明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),且一直呈上升趋势。结果表明,ET能有效上调肝细胞p53蛋白的表达及Ca2+浓度。     

柴胡多糖通过抑制氧化应激和炎症反应减轻铅诱导小鼠肝肾损伤的研究

本研究旨在探讨柴胡多糖对铅诱导小鼠肝肾损伤的影响。选取150只SPF级雄性健康昆明小鼠,适应性饲养2周后,随机分成5组,分别为对照组,铅处理组,铅处理+柴胡多糖低、中、高剂量组（100、200和400 mg·kg^-1）。铅染毒模型建立：小鼠每天饮铅水（醋酸铅0.5%）,连续4周,建模结束后,试验组（铅处理+柴胡多糖组）每隔1 d灌胃柴胡多糖1次,连续2周,对小鼠血液及组织中铅含量及体质量进行测定,对抗氧化酶活性、脂质过氧化水平及炎症因子进行检测和分析,并从分子水平分析氧化损伤和炎症反应相关因子mRNA相对表达量。结果表明,与铅处理组相比,柴胡多糖可抑制铅中毒小鼠体重的下降和肝、肾脏器系数的升高,添加柴胡多糖使小鼠血液及组织中铅浓度略降低,但效果不显著（P>0.05）;与铅处理组相比,柴胡多糖可使染铅小鼠肝、肾组织的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）及过氧化物酶（CAT）活性显著提高（P<0.05）,丙二醛（MDA）含量降低;柴胡多糖可显著降低铅诱导小鼠血清和肝组织中丙氨酸转移酶（ALT）和谷草转移酶（AST）活力的升高,使小鼠血清血尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Scr）水平降低,肝、肾组织肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性显著下降（P<0.05）;柴胡多糖能显著提高Nrf2信号通路的表达,使其HO-1、Cu/Zn-SOD、Mn-SOD、CAT mRNA水平上升,降低Keap1 mRNA水平,此外,柴胡多糖能明显降低铅诱导小鼠肝、肾炎症因子NF-κB、IL-1β及TNF-α mRNA水平上升（P<0.05）。综上表明,低、中、高剂量柴胡多糖可以减轻铅诱导小鼠引起的脂质过氧化和炎症反应,对小鼠肝和肾损伤均具有保护作用,其中柴胡多糖高剂量组对小鼠肝肾组织损伤保护作用最显著。     

Lack of Hepatocarcinogenicity of Combinations of Low Doses of 2-amino-3, 8-dimethylimidazo[4,5- f ]quinoxaline and Diethylnitrosamine in Rats: Indication for the Existence of a Threshold for Genotoxic Carcinogens

The purposes of the present study were to evaluate the hepatocarcinogenicity of concurrent treatment of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rats and to determine whether no effect levels of combinations of these two different structural categories of genotoxic hepatocarcinogens exist. Two 16-week rat hepatocarcinogenesis assays were performed using a total of 790 male F344 rats. In experiment 1, we evaluated the effects of concurrent treatment of a subcarcinogenic dose of DEN on rat hepatocarcinogenesis induced by various doses of MeIQx. In experiment 2, we determined hepatocarcinogenicities of combinations of MeIQx and DEN at subcarcinogenic doses, low carcinogenic doses and high carcinogenic doses. Quantitative analyses of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci, a preneoplastic lesion of the liver in rats, revealed that concurrent treatment with subcarcinogenic doses of DEN did not enhance MeIQx-induced rat hepatocarcinogenicity. We also found that concurrent treatment with combinations of subcarcinogenic doses of DEN and MeIQx was not hepatocarcinogenic, indicating that the combined effects of subcarcinogenic doses of DEN and MeIQx were neither additive nor synergistic. Moreover, concurrent treatment with low carcinogenic doses of these 2 carcinogens did not show additive or synergistic effects. Synergetic effects were observed only in rats coadministered high carcinogenic doses of the 2 carcinogens. These results demonstrate the existence of no effect levels of combinations of these 2 genotoxic hepatocarcinogens, and provide new evidence supporting our idea that there is a threshold, at least a practical threshold, that should be considered when evaluating the risk of genotoxic carcinogens.     

Beneficial Effect of N-acetylcysteine against Oxidative Damage in Mice Liver Induced by Streptococcus agalactiae Serotype Ⅰa Isolated from Cow

The assay was aimed to investigate the effect of Streptococcus agalactiae on oxidative damage in mice liver and the beneficial effect of N-acetylcysteine against the damage. Forty adult mice were divided into 4 groups (control, NAC, S.agalactiae and NAC+S.agalactiae) randomly. Colorimetry was used to detect the content of MDA and the activities of GSH-Px, GST and POD. The results showed that, compared with the control group, there were extremly significant reductions in the activity levels of GSH-Px, GST and POD (P<0.01) accompanied by a extremly significant increase in the MDA content (P<0.01) in bacteria infected group; extremly significant increases in the activity levels of GSH-Px, GST and POD (P<0.01) accompanied by a extremly significant reduction in the MDA content (P<0.01) in NAC group.Compared with S.agalactiae group, extremly significant increases in the activities of GSH-Px, GST and POD (P<0.01), and extremly significant reduction of the MDA content (P<0.01) could be observed in NAC+S.agalactiae group, but when it came to control group, extremly significant reduction in the activities of GSH-Px, GST and POD (P<0.01), and extremly significant increase of the MDA content (P<0.01) could be observed. Thus, the results suggested that infection of Ⅰa S.agalactiae isolated from bovine could induce oxidative damage in mice liver, and NAC (100 mg/(kg·BW)) pretreatment could enhance the activities of GSH-Px, GST and POD, and decrease the MDA content to reduce the damage degree.     

The effect of polysaccharides and carboxymethylcellulose combination to prevent intraperitoneal adhesion and abscess formation in a rat peritonitis model

Polysaccharides isolated from fungi, Phellinus spp. is well-known material with anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties. We have assessed the adhesion- and abscess-reducing capacity of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polysaccharides from Phellinus spp. combination in a rat peritonitis model. In 72 Sprague-Dawley rats, experimental peritonitis was induced by means of the cecal ligation and puncture model (CLP). After 24 hr, the abdomen was reopened and the ligated cecum was resected. Peritoneal fluid samples were taken for microbiological examination. Rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups: ringer lactate solution (RL group), polysaccharides from Phellinus gilvus (PG group) and Phellinus linteus (PL group), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC group), and their combinations (PG+CMC and PL+CMC groups). Adhesions and abscesses were noted at day 7 after CLP. RT-PCR assay for urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), its cellular receptor (uPAR), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was performed to assess the cecal tissue. Microbiological examination showed polymicrobial bacterial peritonitis. Adhesion formation was significantly reduced in PG+CMC and PL+CMC groups (P<0.05). The incidence of abscesses was reduced in all treated groups except the RL group (P<0.05). uPA, uPAR, and TNF-alpha mRNA were highly expressed in the PG+CMC and PL+CMC groups, as compared to the RL group. We concluded that the combination of polysaccharides and CMC had significant adhesion- and abscess-reducing effects compared with their single treatment and the effects may act by modifying the fibrinolytic capacity of uPA, uPAR and TNF-alpha produced from activated macrophages in a rat peritonitis model.     

Betaine Alleviates Heat Stress-Induced Hepatic and Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage in Broilers

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary betaine (BET) on growth performance, redox state, and related gene expression in broilers under heat stress (HS). A total of 144 21-day-old male broiler chickens with similar body weights were assigned randomly to three treatments with six replicates (eight chickens per replicate cage). Broilers in the control (CON) group were kept at thermoneutral (TN, 22±1°C) conditions and fed a basal diet until they were 42 days of age. Broilers in the other two groups (defined as HS and HS + BET) were exposed to HS (34±1°C, 8 h/day) and fed the basal diet without or with 1000 mg/kg BET, respectively. Rectal and cockscomb temperature of broilers was increased (P<0.05) in HS and HS + BET groups compared with the CON group, whereas there was no difference between HS and HS + BET groups. Dietary BET supplementation restored (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers and reversed (P<0.05) the increase in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver tissue of broilers under HS. The HS + BET group had higher (P<0.05) activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the liver tissue and mitochondria than the HS group, and the same pattern was observed for glutathione (GSH) and GSH/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) in the liver tissue. The decreased mRNA levels of GPX1 and uncoupling protein (UCP) in the liver induced by HS were restored by BET supplementation. In conclusion, dietary BET supplementation can alleviate HS-induced hepatic and mitochondrial oxidative damage of broilers by regulating mRNA expressions of GPX1 and UCP.     

不同品种牛卵泡液对水牛卵母细胞体外受精效果的影响

试验利用水牛卵泡液(BuFF)和黄牛卵泡液(BoFF)对不同来源水牛卵母细胞体外受精效果的影响进行了探讨,以完善水牛体外受精培养系统,进一步提高水牛胚胎体外生产效率。试验按成熟培养液中添加卵泡液替代胎牛血清量共分4个组。不添加卵泡液(0%+10%胎牛血清)为Ⅰ组(对照组);添加5%卵泡液+5%胎牛血清为Ⅱ组;添加10%卵泡液+0%胎牛血清为Ⅲ组;添加15%卵泡液+0%胎牛血清为Ⅳ组。结果表明,添加BuFF对活体采集卵母细胞和屠宰场收集卵母细胞的体外受精卵分裂率无显著影响(P0.05),但添加5%和10%BuFF对卵母细胞体外受精后的胚胎发育有明显促进作用,囊胚率均极显著高于对照组和15%BuFF组(P0.01),5%和10%BuFF组间无显著差异(P0.05);添加15%BuFF囊胚率有降低的趋势,但与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。而添加10%BoFF组活体采集卵母细胞体外受精的受精卵分裂率和囊胚率均极显著高于对照组和5%BoFF组(P0.01),添加5%BoFF组的受精卵分裂率和囊胚率与对照组无显著差异(P0.05);添加BoFF对屠宰场收集水牛卵母细胞体外受精卵分裂率无显著差异(P0.05),但添加5%和10%BoFF组的囊胚率均显著高于对照组和15%组(P0.05),添加15%BoFF组与对照组相比,囊胚率显著降低(P0.05),5%和10%BoFF组间囊胚率无显著差异(P0.05)。综合以上结果,在水牛卵母细胞成熟培养液中添加5%～10%的BuFF或BoFF代替牛血清,可明显提高水牛体外胚胎生产效率,且以添加同种的BuFF效果略好。     

氧化鱼油对黄颡鱼生长性能和抗氧化指标的影响及精氨酸的干预作用

本试验旨在研究饲料中添加氧化鱼油对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标和血清、肝脏抗氧化指标的影响以及添加精氨酸对其的干预作用。选取初始体重为(4.41±0.05)g的健康黄颡鱼幼鱼600尾,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,分别投喂含2.5%新鲜鱼油(FF组)、1.5%新鲜鱼油+1.0%氧化鱼油(FO1组)、0.5%新鲜鱼油+2.0%氧化鱼油(FO2组)、2.5%新鲜鱼油+0.48%L-精氨酸盐酸盐(FFA组)、1.5%新鲜鱼油+1.0%氧化鱼油+0.48%L-精氨酸盐酸盐(FOA1组)、0.5%新鲜鱼油+2.0%氧化鱼油+0.48%L-精氨酸盐酸盐(FOA2组)的6种饲料,投喂期为56 d。结果显示:在FF、FO1、FO2组中,随着氧化鱼油添加量的增加,黄颡鱼的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质沉积率均逐渐降低,饲料系数和摄食率均逐渐升高,均在FO2组达到极值,与其他2组差异达到显著水平(P0.05);氧化鱼油饲料添加精氨酸后,在FFA、FOA1、FOA2组上述指标没有产生显著性差异(P0.05),其中FOA1、FOA2组的增重率分别比FO1、FO2组升高3.0%和9.9%。双因素方差分析结果显示,氧化鱼油对黄颡鱼增重率和摄食率的影响达到显著水平(P0.05),氧化鱼油与精氨酸对黄颡鱼特定生长率、蛋白质沉积率和饲料系数的影响存在交互作用(P0.05)。FO1组肝体比显著低于FF组(P0.05),FO2组肠体比与FFA、FOA2组相比显著降低(P0.05),氧化鱼油与精氨酸对黄颡鱼肝体比的影响存在交互作用(P0.05)。FOA1组全鱼粗脂肪含量与FO1组相比显著降低(P0.05)。在FF、FO1、FO2组中,随着氧化鱼油添加量的增加,黄颡鱼血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)逐渐降低,FO2组显著低于FF组(P0.05);氧化鱼油饲料添加精氨酸后,黄颡鱼血清T-AOC分别升高77.0%(FOA1组vs.FO1组)和137.4%(FOA2组vs.FO2组),其中后者达显著水平(P0.05)。双因素方差分析结果显示,氧化鱼油对血清丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响达到显著水平(P0.05),氧化鱼油和精氨酸对黄颡鱼血清T-AOC的影响存在交互作用(P0.05)。结果表明,在饲料中添加一定量的氧化鱼油会抑制黄颡鱼的生长并降低血清的抗氧化能力,但添加一定量的精氨酸可以缓解氧化鱼油对黄颡鱼生长的抑制作用,并增强其机体的抗氧化能力。