Spontaneous Renal Tumors Suspected of Being Familial in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Spontaneous renal tubule tumors (RTTs), with a distinctive morphological phenotype, were present in three Sprague-Dawley rats, 1 male and 2 females, out a total of 120 animals of each sex from untreated and placebo control groups in a 2-year carcinogenicity study. One female had one carcinoma, adenoma and hyperplasia, and the other female had five adenomas and many hyperplastic lesions; the male case had one carcinoma. From these cases, a biological continuum of hyperplasia, adenoma and carcinoma could be recognized. The tumors were present in the renal cortex and appeared as solid lobulated growths with occasional central necrosis. The lobules were divided by a small amount of fibrovascular tissue. Occasionally the larger tumors contained a cystic area. Tumor cells appeared distinctive and exhibited variable amounts of eosinophilic/amphophilic and vacuolated cytoplasm. Nuclei were round to oval with a prominent nucleolus. Mitotic figures were uncommon, and no distant metastasis was noted. The tumors were seen as multiple and bilateral lesions in two animals and had no apparent relationship to chronic progressive nephropathy (CPN). Foci of tubule hyperplasia were also noted to contain the same type of cellular morphology. The morphological and biological features of these 3 cases resembled the amphophilic-vacuolar (AV) variant of RTT that has been posited to be of familial origin. This is a report of spontaneous familial renal tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats from Japan.     

一氧化氮和内皮素在窒息新生大鼠胃黏膜损伤中的作用

本研究旨在探讨围产期窒息时内皮素( ET)和一氧化氮 ( NO)的变化与急性胃黏膜损伤的关系及 NO的前体 L-精氨酸 ( L-Arg)和NO合成酶抑制剂 L-硝基 -精氨酸甲酯 ( L-NAME)在胃黏膜损伤中的作用。结果显示窒息组血浆 ET和胃壁 NO水平显著高于正常对照组 ( p<0 .0 1 ) ,胃黏膜损伤明显 ;L -Arg组血浆ET水平较窒息组显著下降 ( p <0 .0 1 ) ,血浆和胃壁 NO含量则显著升高 ( p <0 .0 1 ) ,胃黏膜损伤减轻 ;L-NAME组血浆 ET水平和 L I显著高于正常对照组和 L -Arg组 ( p <0 .0 1 ) ,血浆和胃壁 NO含量较 L-Arg组显著下降 ( p <0 .0 1 ) ,表明围产期窒息时 NO和 ET的变化与胃黏膜损伤的程度密切相关。NO在围产期窒息时有保护胃黏膜的作用 ,而 ET则作用相反。L -Arg的保护作用和 L -NAME的损伤作用均是通过 NO的变化来实现的。     

A possible critical dosing period of p-cumylphenol for development of cystic kidneys in rat neonates

In accordance with a previous report on cystic kidneys induced in rat neonates when dosed with p-cumylphenol (PCP) for 18 days from postnatal day (PND) 4, 3 rat neonates were dosed with PCP once a day for 14 days, either from PND 14, 21, 28, 35, or 42 as W2, W3, W4, W5, and W6 groups, respectively, to investigate whether dosing periods in different PNDs influenced the development of cystic renal tubules. The lesion was striking in the W2 group and at a lesser magnitude in the W3 group, whereas either kidney was unaffected when dosing was initiated beyond PND 28. These findings, together with the results from the previous study, suggested that PND 14-28 is a critical dosing period for PCP to develop cystic kidneys in rat neonates. The lining epithelium of the cystic tubules was immunohistochemically positive for AQP2. This finding and the anatomical location indicated that the cystic tubules were of collecting duct origin. Either obstruction, fluid accumulation, or reparative hyperplasia of the lining epithelium was unlikely to be involved in the formation of cystic tubules lined with a monolayer of cuboidal or columnar epithelium with a high nuclear density. Thus, the follow-up investigation on PCP suggested a critical dosing period of PND 14-28 in rat neonates for the development of cystic dilation of renal collecting ducts. This study further supports that additive hyperplasia of the lining epithelium is a fundamental basis of this unique lesion.     

麸皮在新生仔猪护理中的应用

新生仔猪饲养管理比较复杂,此阶段疾病的出现和死亡率都相对较高,寒冷应激是新生仔猪发病的最主要诱因之一。因此,实践生产中、在做好饲养管理的前提下,减少外界环境的不良应激、是提高新生仔猪体的抵抗力、避免疾病发生的重要措施。麸皮中种皮与糊精粉层的粗纤维含量比较高,且具有结构疏松多孔、表面积大,有利于通风等优点,在新生仔猪护理中,麸皮能很快吸收新生仔猪体表及口腔,鼻腔的羊水和粘液,能有效减小仔猪出生时的寒冷应激。     

薯蓣皂苷元对顺铂诱导大鼠肾损伤的缓解作用

【目的】 探究薯蓣皂苷元（diosgenin,Dio）对顺铂（cisplatin,CP）诱导大鼠肾损伤的缓解作用。【方法】 选取24只健康的雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为对照组（C）、Dio组（Dio）、模型组（CP）和Dio干预组（Dio+CP）。C和CP组每天灌胃6 mL 0.5% CMC-Na,Dio和Dio+CP组每天灌胃Dio （60 mg/kg）,连续灌胃10 d。在试验第7天,CP和Dio+CP组大鼠经尾静脉注射CP （6 mg/kg）,然后每天继续灌胃Dio,CP给药72 h后处死各组大鼠,无菌分离肾脏组织,用HE染色观察肾脏病理变化;用试剂盒检测总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量;用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting分别检测肾脏肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、核因子κB p65（NFκB p65）、环氧合酶-2（COX-2）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）和IL-10 mRNA和蛋白的表达;用免疫化学法检测肾脏受体相互作用蛋白激酶-1（RIPK1）和RIPK3蛋白的表达。【结果】 HE染色结果显示,对照组和Dio组肾脏结构正常;CP组大鼠肾小管上皮细胞发生脱落以及空泡变性,肾脏结构被破坏,Dio+CP组肾小管的损伤明显减轻。与对照组相比,CP和Dio+CP组肾脏中MDA含量极显著升高（P<0.01）,T-AOC和CAT活性均极显著降低（P<0.01）;与CP组相比,Dio+CP组肾脏中MDA含量极显著降低（P<0.01）,T-AOC和CAT活性均极显著增加（P<0.01）。实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting结果表明,与对照组相比,CP组大鼠肾脏中TNF-α、COX-2、NFκB p65和IL-1β mRNA和蛋白的表达量均极显著升高（P<0.01）,IL-10 mRNA和蛋白的表达量均极显著降低（P<0.01）;与CP组相比,Dio+CP组TNF-α、COX-2、NFκB p65和IL-1β mRNA和蛋白的表达量均显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）,IL-10 mRNA和蛋白的表达量均极显著升高（P<0.01）。免疫组化结果表明,与对照组相比,CP组大鼠肾脏中RIPK1和RIPK3蛋白的表达量均极显著升高（P<0.01）;与CP组相比,Dio+CP组大鼠肾脏中RIPK1和RIPK3蛋白的表达量分别极显著（P<0.01）和显著（P<0.05）降低。【结论】 Dio通过抑制肾脏氧化应激、炎症反应和细胞程序性坏死缓解CP诱导的大鼠肾损伤。     

广东地区新生仔猪先天性震颤猪群中PCV3感染情况的调查

对广东省不同地区新生仔猪先天性震颤猪群中PCV3的流行病学情况进行调查。采集的病料样品,通过常规PCR进行PCV3检测与全基因扩增,分析其全基因的遗传进化关系。将获得的16株PCV3毒株核酸序列与其他环状病毒参考毒株对全基因组和Cap基因进行遗传变异分析,结果显示,新生仔猪的先天性震颤猪群中PCV3样本总阳性率高达58.2%。16株PCV3毒株之间全基因核苷酸序列同源性为99.5%~100%,与美洲代表毒株PCV3-US/MO2015全基因核苷酸序列同源性在98.8%~99.1%之间;16株PCV3毒株之间Cap基因的核苷酸序列同源性为99.7%~100%,与国内外参考毒株的核苷酸同源性为99.1%~100%。遗传进化分析显示,16株PCV3毒株都属于PCV3a分支。PCV3在我国广东省新生仔猪先天性震颤猪群中广泛存在。     

新生荷斯坦犊牛胃的形态学观测

对31头新生荷斯坦犊牛胃进行了观测。结果表明,新生荷斯坦犊牛胃总重405.01±68.55g,占体重的1.08%±0.17%,胃总容积2623.58±443.74mL,皱胃容积1586.54±446.86mL,网胃沟非常发达。前胃黏膜乳头细软,无角质层,呈淡粉红色或白色,瓣胃瓣叶分5级,约160余片。皱胃分2型,黏膜光滑、柔软,呈淡黄色,分区不明显,有14片高约1.7cm的黏膜褶。     

右美托咪定抑制NOX4缓解急性应激致大鼠肾损伤

本研究拟探索右美托咪定（dexmedetomidine,DEX）对大鼠急性应激致肾损伤的保护作用,并从氧化应激的角度探索DEX对大鼠肾的保护通路。本研究使用了急性束缚应激模型,其中,大鼠被迫游泳15 min,并束缚3 h。本试验采用生化检测、组织病理学切片观察以评估肾功能,然后测定了氧化应激以及氧化应激的相关通路蛋白。旷场试验证实成功建立了急性应激模型。急性应激引起的肾损伤增加了NOX4,降低了Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1表达水平。DEX可降低NOX4表达,同时升高Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1的表达水平。DEX治疗组与急性应激组相比的肾生化结果明显恢复正常,病理切片观察损伤显著降低。试验结果表明,DEX治疗急性应激可影响NOX4/Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1信号通路,并抑制氧化应激。因此,DEX对急性应激引起的肾损伤具有保护作用,并在应激综合征中具有潜在的临床应用。     

向天果提取物对肾性高血压动物试验研究

通过2K1C法制作肾性高血压(RH)大鼠模型,研究向天果提取物(SME)对肾性高血压大鼠的降压和靶器官保护等治疗作用。将造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组、阳性组(25mg/kg卡托普利)、SME高剂量组(500mg/kg)、SME低剂量组(250mg/kg)。给药8周后,血液生化测定肾功能指标,并采用ELISA测定肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)活性。取右肾进行组织切片,HE染色,组织学观察。结果表明,与模型组相比,SME能显著降低RH大鼠收缩压(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,SME高、低剂量组明显降低RH大鼠RAAS水平(P<0.01)。各治疗组对RH大鼠肾脏损伤有不同程度的改善。说明向天果提取物有降压、保护肾脏的作用,其机制可能与抑制RAAS兴奋,抑制血管收缩,以及水钠重吸收有关。     

新生牦牛犊奶泻病的综合治疗

笔者从2017-2018年在兽医临床上共收治该病23例,采用综合防治措施,治愈21例,有效率达91.3%,收到良好的治疗效果。     

结石通片对小鼠的急性毒性试验及其对乙二酰胺致大鼠肾结石的作用研究

[目的]研究结石通片对小鼠的急性毒性作用,对健康大鼠的利尿作用,以及对乙二酰胺致大鼠肾结石的调节作用.[方法]取ICR小鼠40只,雌、雄各半,随机分为对照组与给药组,每组20只,观察结石通片给药前后小鼠的体重变化和死亡情况;另取SD大鼠36只,雌、雄各半,分为对照组、低剂量组(给予5％结石通片溶液)和高剂量组(给予10...     

Renal cell carcinoma with bone metaplasia in a horse

A case of renal tubular carcinoma with bone metaplasia is reported in a 20-year-old male, mixed breed horse having a history of weight loss and hematuria. This report includes the clinical signs, macroscopic and microscopic lesions, and the immunohistochemical findings of this neoplasm.     

Prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Persian cats and related-breeds in Sydney and Brisbane

OBJECTIVE: A form of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease has been identified in Persian cats and related breeds. Two features make elimination of this disease from future generations an achievable goal: the autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and the availability of a noninvasive technique, renal ultrasonography, to identify affected cats. The aims of this study were; to determine the prevalence of the disease in Persian cats and related breeds in Sydney and Brisbane, to determine any effect of domicile and breed on disease prevalence, to alert veterinary practitioners to the prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and to propose methods of eliminating the disease from future generations of cattery-bred cats. DESIGN: To be included in this scheme, cats had to be of Persian or related breed and be older than 10 months-of-age. Younger cats were excluded because of the increased likelihood of a false negative result. Renal ultrasonography was performed using either a Medison 600 with a 7.5 MHz mechanical sector scanner (n = 228, Brisbane) or using an ATL UltraMark-9 with a 5 to 10 MHz linear array transducer (n = 92, Sydney). The effects of domicile (Sydney versus Brisbane) and breed on the prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease were tested using two-tailed Fisher's Exact tests. RESULTS: A total of 320 cats were tested comprising 230 Persians, 48 Himalayans, 17 Exotics, 14 Burmillas, 6 Ragdolls and 5 Chinchillas. The prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Sydney (45%) and Brisbane (42%) was comparable and no sex predilection was identified. The disease was not detected in Ragdolls, although only a small number was tested. Two of 14 Burmilla cats were positive (14%), demonstrating that long hair coat and brachycephalic features do not segregate with the polycystic kidney disease trait. CONCLUSION: These results show that the prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease amongst purebred, long-haired cats in Australia is currently very high. Ultrasound detection schemes are easy to establish and breeder participation can be encouraged through subsidisation.     

Serum Lipoprotein Changes in Dogs with Renal Disease

Background

People with renal disease develop a dyslipidemia that contributes to progression of renal injury and development of cardiovascular disease. Lipoproteins in dogs with renal disease have not been investigated.

Hypothesis

Dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have dyslipidemia characterized by increased lower density lipoproteins and decreased high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs). The degree of dyslipidemia is positively correlated with severity of disease, as reflected by serum creatinine concentration.

Animals

Prospective study of client‐owned dogs presented to the Cornell University Hospital for Animals: 29 dogs with confirmed CKD, 5 dogs with nephrotic syndrome (NS), and 12 healthy control dogs presented for routine vaccinations, dental cleaning, or owned by students.

Methods

Lipoprotein electrophoresis was used to quantify relative proportions of the 3 main classes of lipoproteins in canine serum: low‐density lipoproteins (LDL), very low‐density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL. Serum cholesterol and creatinine concentrations; urinalysis and urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio were measured by standard methods.

Results

Dyslipidemia was consistently found in dogs with CKD and NS and was characterized by a decrease in HDL and variable increases in LDL and VLDL. Dogs with NS had a proportionately greater increase in the VLDL fraction, as compared with dogs with CKD.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Dyslipidemia similar to that documented in people with renal disease occurs in dogs with CKD, despite serum cholesterol concentrations often being within the reference interval. The contribution of altered lipoproteins to the pathogenesis of renal disease in dogs warrants additional study.     

Spleen-Specific Development of Germinal Centers in Rats Treated with Antithyroid Drugs

The antithyroid drugs (ATDs) methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) have been used for treatment of hyperthyroidism for more than several decades, despite the fact that they are associated with adverse drug reactions that are thought to be autoimmune mediated. We therefore examined histopathologic responses in the immune system in male and female rats given MMI (2, 20 and 200 mg/kg/day, p.o., in experiment 1; 200 mg/kg/day, p.o., in experiment 3) or PTU (25 and 250 mg/kg/day, p.o., in experiment 2; 200 mg/kg/day, p.o., in experiment 3) for two weeks. In experiments 1 and 2, highest doses of MMI and PTU induced histopathologic changes in the spleen consistent with those in experiment 3 without any changes in the other peripheral lymphoid organs and tissues. In experiment 3, histopathological evaluation of the spleen along with hematological and bone marrow examinations were performed. In both male and female rats, MMI or PTU induced histopathological changes in the spleen characterized by development of germinal centers and an increase in the number of IgG-positive plasma cells in the red pulp; these changes were most prevalent in the MMI-treated female rats. Total red and white blood cell counts were decreased in the MMI-treated male and female rats; lymphocytes and monocytes were lower in male and female rats, respectively. Bone marrow nucleated cells were significantly lower in the MMI-treated males. This is the first study to demonstrate that ATDs induce spleen specific B-cell reactions in rats     

紫锥菊提取物对大鼠湿热泄泻的疗效及其机制

本研究通过建立大鼠湿热泄泻模型,探讨紫锥菊提取物(EPE)对湿热泄泻大鼠的疗效,为紫锥菊提取物防治湿热泄泻提供科学依据。采用“内外湿热+大肠杆菌”建立大鼠湿热泄泻,分别给予1、3g·kg^-1剂量EPE治疗,采用临床症状评分评价疾病模型,测定各组大鼠血常规、血生化、血清炎性因子、脏器指数与结肠相关基因表达水平,并对大鼠器官进行病理组织学观察。结果表明,造模后大鼠被毛蓬松、精神萎靡,扎堆,懒动,眼周出现分泌物,大便溏泄,色黄恶臭,肛周污秽。给药6d后,高、低剂量EPE组与阳性药物组大鼠精神、饮食及临床表现均恢复正常。与空白组相比,模型组大鼠的心、脾、肺指数显著上升(P＜0.05),血液中红细胞数(RBC)、血红蛋白浓度(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)显著降低(P＜0.05);血清中尿素、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平显著降低(P＜0.05),IL-6、IL-17、IL-23水平显著上升(P＜0.05),TGF-β、IL-2、IL-10水平显著下降(P＜0.05);结肠TGF-β1与Foxp3 mRNA表达量显著下降(P＜0.05),RORγt mRNA表达显著上升(P＜0.05);心出现大面积出血瘀血,肝水肿,脾水肿及陈旧性出血,肾出现炎性细胞增生与蛋白尿的沉积。与模型组相比,高、低剂量EPE组的心指数、脾指数、肺指数显著降低(P＜0.05),血液HCT显著升高(P＜0.05),血清尿素、总胆固醇(TC)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)水平显著升高(P＜0.05),血清IL-17、IL-23水平显著下降(P＜0.05),TGF-β水平显著上升(P＜0.05);结肠TGF-β1与Foxp3 mRNA表达显著上升(P＜0.05),RORγt mRNA表达显著下降(P＜0.05)。高、低剂量EPE组的脏器细胞损伤有所恢复。紫锥菊提取物能通过降低血脂、调节血清炎性因子水平及改善脏器功能以缓解大鼠湿热泄泻。     

Induction of Thyroid Proliferative Changes in Rats Treated with Antithyroid Compound

This study was designed to investigate the histologic changes in goitrogen-induced thyroid growth of the rat. The animals were orally treated by 1% potassium perchlorate except the controls and were sacrificed in intervals ranging from 1 to 12 months. The thyroid weight increased progressively along the treatment and after 2 months showed a diffuse homogenous hypertrophy and hyperplasia of follicular cells, decreased amount of colloid and increased vascularity. After sixth month of treatment true nodules appeared with complex morphology.