PMC47-8株OmpH蛋白结构的初步预测

[目的]初步预测牦牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌C47-8株(PmC47-8)OmpH蛋白结构特点。[方法]对PmC47-8型菌株OmpH基因的测序结果进行在线BLAST比对、信号肽预测、二级结构预测及蛋白特性等方面的分析。[结果]PmC47-8株OmpH基因与已公布的81条OmpH基因相似性在84%～99%间;OmpH蛋白序列中存在信号肽,切割位点在第20号和21号氨基酸残基之间;OmpH蛋白二级结构预测中,折叠结构占49.8%,环状结构占50.2%;推测OmpH蛋白有7个O型糖基化位点,分别是位于第2、45、48、330、716、721、723号位的氨基酸残基,2个N型糖基化位点,即第15和35号位的氨基酸残基。[结论]该蛋白可能存在于细胞菌膜的外侧,而非跨膜蛋白。     

来源于枯草芽孢杆菌的漆酶cotA基因克隆与表达及其酶学性质研究

漆酶作为一种含铜离子的多酚氧化酶,在环境保护、生物能源、食品工业和纸浆漂白等工业中有重要的应用价值。从枯草芽孢杆菌168菌株中克隆漆酶cotA基因,全长1 542 bp,编码513个氨基酸,外加一个终止密码子。将该基因在大肠杆菌Transetta（DE3）菌株中通过微好氧发酵法进行异源表达和纯化,获得的重组酶蛋白CotA的最适反应温度为60℃,最适pH为4.5。该酶在60℃具有较好的热稳定性,保温90 min后仍有71.70%的剩余酶活。最适反应条件下,重组酶对ABTS的Km为63.9±5 μmol/L,kcat为39.1±1/s,最大反应速率为0.005 μmol/L·min·mg,且在最适反应条件下,微好氧发酵法获得的重组酶蛋白CotA的比活（557.8 U/mg）是低温诱导法（0.2 U/mg）的2 655.4倍。因此,通过微好氧发酵法可以显著提高重组漆酶CotA的比活力。     

PmC47-8株OmpH蛋白结构的初步预测(英文)

[目的]对牦牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌C47-8株(PmC47-8)OmpH蛋白结构进行初步预测。[方法]对PmC47-8型菌株OmpH基因的测序结果进行在线BLAST比对、信号肽预测、二级结构预测及蛋白特性等方面的分析。[结果]PmC47-8株OmpH基因与已公布的81条OmpH基因相似性在84%～99%间;OmpH蛋白序列中存在信号肽,切割位点在第20号和21号氨基酸残基之间;OmpH蛋白二级结构预测中,折叠结构占49.8%,环状结构占50.2%;推测OmpH蛋白有7个O型糖基化位点,分别是位于第2、45、48、330、716、721、723号位的氨基酸残基,2个N型糖基化位点,即第15和35号位的氨基酸残基。[结论]该研究为牦牛源OmpH基因的免疫研究奠定基础。     

板栗蛋白磷酸酶PP2A催化亚基基因的克隆与同源性分析

利用RACE技术从板栗雄花序中扩增得到1 347 bp的板栗蛋白磷酸酶2A的催化亚基(protein phospha-tase PP2A catalytic subunit,PP2Ac)cDNA片段。序列分析表明该片段包含基因的5′非翻译区4 bp,3′非翻译区407 bp,开放阅读框为936 bp,编码311个氨基酸,预计分子量为35.6 KD,等电点为5.94。基因序列数据库(GenBanK)登录为FJ840479(基因)和ACO57639(蛋白)。与葡萄、拟南芥、水稻等其他物种PP2Ac氨基酸序列相似性约为92%。     

多肽和蛋白质的人工合成评述

多肽和蛋白质的人工合成,就是多个氨基酸在一定的条件下通过肽键形成多肽链。氨基酸是合成多肽和蛋白质的原料。在合成前各个氨基酸都必须经过基团保护、氨基和羧基的活化处理,然后经接肽,去除保护基,最后形成多肽链。本文对目前国内外常用的液相合成法和固相合成法的原理和步骤进行了简要的评述。     

A yeast gene that is essential for release from glucose repression encodes a protein kinase

The SNF1 gene plays a central role in carbon catabolite repression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, namely that SNF1 function is required for expression of glucose-repressible genes. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned SNF1 gene was determined, and the predicted amino acid sequence shows that SNF1 encodes a 72,040-dalton polypeptide that has significant homology to the conserved catalytic domain of mammalian protein kinases. Specific antisera were prepared and used to identify the SNF1 protein. The protein was shown to transfer phosphate from adenosine triphosphate to serine and threonine residues in an in vitro autophosphorylation reaction. These findings indicate that SNF1 encodes a protein kinase and suggest that protein phosphorylation plays a critical role in regulation by carbon catabolite repression in eukaryotic cells.     

Steroidogenesis-activator polypeptide isolated from a rat Leydig cell tumor

A cycloheximide-sensitive protein responsive to adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate has been postulated to participate in the regulation of cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity in steroidogenic tissues. Such a steroidogenesis activator polypeptide (SAP) had been isolated from rat adrenocortical tissue and partially characterized. Now a polypeptide with comparable chromatographic behavior and biological activity has been purified from the rat H-540 Leydig cell tumor in quantities sufficient for amino acid sequencing. The activator contains 30 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 3215. The synthetic construct based on this sequence is virtually equipotent with native H-540 tumor SAP in an adrenal mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage assay. Hormonal regulation of the intracellular concentration of this activator may control the rate of cholesterol metabolism in steroidogenic organs.     

来源于假单胞菌4-硝基酚降解基因簇中的偏苯三酚1,2-双加氧酶基因克隆和功能鉴定

通过富集培养的方法从农药厂废水曝气池的活性污泥中筛选到了一株既具有甲基对硫磷降解活性又可以有效降解4-硝基酚的高效菌株1-7,经16S rDNA鉴定为假单胞菌（Pseudomonas sp.）。根据4-硝基酚降解相关基因保守区设计简并引物扩增小片段,再应用TAIL-PCR克隆得到偏苯三酚1,2-双加氧酶基因dio1,基因全长873 bp,编码290个氨基酸,酶蛋白理论分子量为32.8 kDa。 doi1基因在E. coli BL21中过量表达,并通过Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化,结果表明该酶具有正常的生物学活性,证明了假单胞菌1-7可以通过偏苯三酚途径降解4-硝基酚。初步探讨了假单胞菌1-7的4-硝基酚降解机制。     

A mutation in the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase that disrupts regulation

A mutant catalytic subunit of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase has been isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is no longer subject to regulation yet retains its catalytic activity. Biochemical analysis of the mutant subunit indicates a 100-fold decreased affinity for the regulatory subunit. The mutant catalytic subunit exhibits approximately a threefold increase in Michaelis constant for adenosine triphosphate and peptide cosubstrates, and is essentially unchanged in its catalytic rate. The nucleotide sequence of the mutant gene contains a single nucleotide change resulting in a threonine-to-alanine substitution at amino acid 241. This residue is conserved in other serine-threonine protein kinases. These results identify this threonine as an important contact between catalytic and regulatory subunits but only a minor contact in substrate recognition.     

Disruption of the yeast N-myristoyl transferase gene causes recessive lethality

The structural gene for N-myristoyl transferase (NMT1) has been cloned from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene encodes a polypeptide of 455 amino acids (Mr = 52,837) that has no identifiable significant primary sequence homology with any protein in currently available databases. Overexpression of NMT activity was achieved by means of the yeast episomal plasmid YEp24 without obvious effects on growth kinetics, cell morphology, or acylprotein metabolic labeling patterns. Insertional mutagenesis of the NMT1 locus on yeast chromosome XII caused recessive lethality, indicating that this protein acyltransferase activity is necessary for vegetative cell growth.     

8种植物CHI基因的生物信息学分析

根据GenBank上已登录的拟南芥、苹果杂交种、草莓、桃、沙梨的栽培种美人酥、葡萄、柑橘和玉米的查尔酮异构酶基因蛋白质氨基酸残基序列,应用生物软件对其组成成分、导肽、信号肽、跨膜结构域、疏水性与亲水性、蛋白质二级和三级结构以及功能域进行预测和分析。结果表明：8种植物的CHI不具有导肽,不存在信号肽,不具有跨膜结构,推测CHI可能定位于细胞质基质中发挥功能,多肽链总体表现为亲水性;有α-螺旋、β-转折、无规则卷曲和延伸链4种二级结构,除了无规则卷曲是桃的最主要二级元件外;其余7种植物均是α-螺旋为最主要的结构元件;8种植物可能均有1个查尔酮异构酶活性部位。     

The structure of a human p110alpha/p85alpha complex elucidates the effects of oncogenic PI3Kalpha mutations

PIK3CA, one of the two most frequently mutated oncogenes in human tumors, codes for p110alpha, the catalytic subunit of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, isoform alpha (PI3Kalpha, p110alpha/p85). Here, we report a 3.0 angstrom resolution structure of a complex between p110alpha and a polypeptide containing the p110alpha-binding domains of p85alpha, a protein required for its enzymatic activity. The structure shows that many of the mutations occur at residues lying at the interfaces between p110alpha and p85alpha or between the kinase domain of p110alpha and other domains within the catalytic subunit. Disruptions of these interactions are likely to affect the regulation of kinase activity by p85 or the catalytic activity of the enzyme, respectively. In addition to providing new insights about the structure of PI3Kalpha, these results suggest specific mechanisms for the effect of oncogenic mutations in p110alpha and p85alpha.     

板栗多肽对DPPH自由基清除作用和乳化性的研究

试验目的在于研究板栗多肽清除DPPH·自由基的作用及其乳化性。首先从板栗中提取蛋白质,用植物蛋白水解酶制备多肽,对其清除DPPH·自由基的作用进行研究,利用分光光度法测定其乳化性。试验结果为:板栗多肽具有一定的清除自由基作用,且随着浓度增大清除率逐渐增大,当浓度达到1%时,清除率达100%;板栗多肽具有乳化性,其乳化活性EA为0.055,蛋白质的乳化活性为0.041,多肽的乳化性高于板栗蛋白质。试验表明:板栗多肽可能含有抗氧化活性多肽和表面活性肽。     

来源于土壤宏基因组中漆酶Lac13H9基因克隆及其酶学性质分析

漆酶广泛存在于土壤中,在有机农药残留和木质素的降解方面具有潜在的工业价值。从土壤宏基因组中得到了一个全长为1 389 bp漆酶基因lac13H9,编码462个氨基酸,预测理论分子量为50 k Da,含有一个17个氨基酸组成的信号肽,与NCBI蛋白数据库比对结果表明是一个新的漆酶基因。将lac13H9转入到大肠杆菌Transseta(DE3)中通过微好氧发酵进行异源表达,并通过Ni柱亲和层析纯化。获得的重组漆酶Lac13H9具有良好的酶学性质,其最适温度为40℃,最适p H为6.0,且具有较好的热稳定性,在50℃下保温90 min还有60%的剩余酶活力,同时发现低浓度的Fe2+促进漆酶酶活,高浓度则抑制酶活。良好的酶学性质为该酶的应用奠定了基础。     

Microtubule-associated protein MAP2 shares a microtubule binding motif with tau protein

The microtubule-associated protein MAP2 is a prominent large-sized component of purified brain microtubules that, like the 36- to 38-kilodalton tau proteins, bears antigenic determinants found in association with the neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease. The complete sequence of mouse brain MAP2 was determined from a series of overlapping cloned complementary DNAs. The sequence of the carboxyl-terminal 185 amino acids is very similar (67 percent) to a corresponding region of tau protein, and includes a series of three imperfect repeats, each 18 amino acids long and separated by 13 or 14 amino acids. A subcloned fragment spanning the first two of the 18-amino acid repeats was expressed as a polypeptide by translation in vitro. This polypeptide copurified with microtubules through two successive cycles of polymerization and depolymerization, whereas a control polypeptide derived from the amino-terminal region of MAP2 completely failed to copurify. These data imply that the carboxyl-terminal domain containing the 18-amino acid repeats constitutes the microtubule binding site in MAP2. The occurrence of these repeats in tau protein suggests that these may be a general feature of microtubule binding proteins.     

The E5 transforming gene of bovine papillomavirus encodes a small, hydrophobic polypeptide

Bovine papillomavirus (BPV-1) contains two independent transforming genes that have been mapped to the E5 and E6 open reading frames (ORF's). The E5 transforming protein was identified by means of an antiserum against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the 20 COOH-terminal amino acids of the E5 ORF. The E5 polypeptide is the smallest viral transforming protein yet characterized; it had an apparent size of 7 kilodaltons. The transforming polypeptide is encoded entirely within the second half of the E5 ORF and its predicted amino acid composition is very unusual; 68% of the amino acids are strongly hydrophobic and 34% are leucine. Cell fractionation studies localized this polypeptide predominantly to cellular membranes.     

Surface sites for engineering allosteric control in proteins

Statistical analyses of protein families reveal networks of coevolving amino acids that functionally link distantly positioned functional surfaces. Such linkages suggest a concept for engineering allosteric control into proteins: The intramolecular networks of two proteins could be joined across their surface sites such that the activity of one protein might control the activity of the other. We tested this idea by creating PAS-DHFR, a designed chimeric protein that connects a light-sensing signaling domain from a plant member of the Per/Arnt/Sim (PAS) family of proteins with Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). With no optimization, PAS-DHFR exhibited light-dependent catalytic activity that depended on the site of connection and on known signaling mechanisms in both proteins. PAS-DHFR serves as a proof of concept for engineering regulatory activities into proteins through interface design at conserved allosteric sites.     

甘蓝夜蛾几丁质合成酶基因片段的克隆与序列分析

以甘蓝夜蛾(Mamestra brassicae(L.))4龄取食期幼虫为材料提取总RNA,利用RT-PCR技术扩增得到部分几丁质合成酶基因的cDNA片段,该基因片段包括2295bp,编码一个含765个氨基酸残基的蛋白,分子量约为87.6ku。在765个氨基酸组成的片段中存在9个跨膜螺旋,几丁质合成酶的催化区在该序列的401～765位。序列比对表明,克隆得到昆虫几丁质合成酶基因是比较保守的,与埃及伊蚊、四斑按蚊、冈比亚按蚊、铜绿蝇、黑腹果蝇、赤拟谷盗、小菜蛾、烟草天蛾、甜菜夜蛾等其他昆虫几丁质合成酶基因相应的cDNA序列同源性为65.4%～87.8%,相应氨基酸的序列同源性达到68.0%￣96.5%。该cDNA序列已经登录GenBank并获得登录号为EU160598。     

3种食用菌漆酶活性比较及其基因的克隆与序列分析

[目的]研究食用菌漆酶基因的差异以及漆酶的活性。[方法]利用编码杏鲍菇漆酶基因序列（GenbankNo．AY686700）设计特异性引物,采用PCR方法获得3种典型木腐食用菌（杏鲍菇、平菇、白灵菇）漆酶的基因序列。[结果]扩增得到的片段长度均为2606bp,通过对基因序列的内含子／外显子分析,获得漆酶编码区的cDNA,该基因的开放阅读框由1596个核苷酸组成,编码一个由531个氨基酸组成的多肽。3种食用茵漆酶基因的核苷酸序列、氨基酸序列同源性均为99．81％,说明漆酶的一级结构序列具有很高的保守性。[结论]序列的差异性、氨基酸跨膜区的不同及蛋白质的构象不同可能导致漆酶活性的高低。     

Herpes simplex virus type-1 glycoprotein D gene: nucleotide sequence and expression in Escherichia coli

The protein coding region of the herpes simplex virus type-1 glycoprotein D (gD) gene was mapped, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The predicted amino acid sequence of the gD polypeptide was found to contain a number of features in common with other virus glycoproteins. Insertion of this protein coding region into a bacterial expressor plasmid enabled synthesis in Escherichia coli of an immunoreactive gD-related polypeptide. The potential of this system for preparation of a type-common herpes simplex virus vaccine is discussed.