新疆禾本科植物新资料

文中报道了禾本科(Gramineae)植物在新疆的新分布记录1属1种,分别是新记录分布属:锋芒草属(Tragus Hall.),新记录分布种:锋芒草(Tragus racemosus(L.)All.)。     

对黄兔尾鼠生态的一些观察

黄兔尾鼠(Lagulus lutells Eversmann)广泛分布在新疆天山以北的荒漠草原,其栖息环境是畜牧业生产的春秋草场。黄兔尾鼠数量波动极大,高数量年份使草场成片毁灭,已成为新疆草原上危害最为严重的害鼠之一,国内外对黄兔尾鼠的分布和生态学研究已有一些报道(赵中石,1960;Исмагилов,1969;金善科等,1979;马勇等,1982;乔璋,1982;王思博等,1983),但均缺乏全年性的系统资料。作者于1983—1984年在沙湾县博尔通古地区设点作定期观察,获取一些黄兔尾鼠的生态资料,现简要报告如下。     

新疆乌苏沙湾地区2005～2006年秋季黄兔尾鼠种群数量调查分析

2005～2006年秋季,对黄兔尾鼠在新疆北坡经济带的分布区域新疆乌苏和沙湾的主要牧场巴音沟牧场、博尔通古牧场的种群数量进行了调查。结果显示,乌苏巴音沟牧场黄兔尾鼠的种群数量2005年为0只/hm2,2006年为2只/hm2,沙湾博尔通古牧场的黄兔尾鼠的种群数量2005～2006年为0/hm2,两地的黄兔尾鼠的种群数量均处于较低水平。     

新疆薄罗藓科植物新记录

通过对新疆西天山昭苏县苔藓植物进行调查鉴定,报道了新疆分布的薄罗藓科（Leskeaceae）1个新记录属——拟柳叶藓属（Orthoamblystegium Dixon&Sakurai）和2个新记录种——拟柳叶藓[Orthoamblystegium spurio-subtile (Broth.&Paris) Kanda&Nog.]和粗肋薄罗藓[Leskea scabrinervis Broth.&Paris]。本文对2个新记录种的形态特征、生境及分布进行了详细描述和记录,并提供了显微形态解剖图。     

新疆苋属新记录植物

通过对北疆、东疆杂草的野外实地调查,利用《中国植物志》等相关资料和形态分类学研究方法,本团队在阿勒泰、伊犁、昌吉、塔城和哈密等地区发现苋属Amaranthus外来杂草新记录植物4种。本研究发现,新疆苋属Amaranthus 3个新记录种和1个新记录变种,即绿穗苋Amaranthus hybridus L.、鲍氏苋A. powellii S. Watson、皱果苋A.viridis L.和短苞反枝苋A. retroflexus L. var. delilei (Richter&Loret) Thell.。绿穗苋在伊犁新源县、乌鲁木齐市、哈密市均有小居群分布;皱果苋在乌苏车排子垦区、吐鲁番市高昌区、哈密市伊州区等地有多个居群分布;鲍氏苋仅在哈密市巴里坤县有分布;短苞反枝苋仅在石河子市有少量分布。这些新记录植物的发现对新疆苋科苋属植物区系和物种多样性研究具有重要意义,也为该新记录种的地理分布研究、入侵杂草的扩散与有效监测提供了重要依据和新资料。     

新疆伊犁地区甜菜上发生两种新病害

甜菜是新疆主要经济作物之一,在调查甜菜病害中发现两种新病害,经检索及专家咨询,认为是我国新记录种,现报道如下。１甜菜紫纹羽病此病学名为Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｂａｓｉｄｉ－ｕｍｐｕｒｐｕｒｅｕｍＰａｔ．（无性世代为ＲｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａｃｒｏｃｏｒｕｍＦｒ．）由...     

新疆鸟类种类与分布及其微机信息系统

通过近年考察,在新疆境内共收录鸟类425种另134亚种,占全国种数的35.8%。其中,国内及新疆新记录10和43种,首次载入41种和35种;一半以上的种增补了区域分布与生态资料。377种繁殖鸟中,广布种、古北(及全北)种为64和53种;中亚、青藏和蒙新特有的分别为27,20和20种。在18个自然地理区中,种数分布北部多于南部,西部多于东部,山地多于平原;纬度靠北,留鸟有减少趋势,繁殖鸟(及夏候鸟)所占比例增加。说明鸟类种类分布,除取决于区系渗透影响,还受景观多样性与水源分布的制约。所获资料的覆盖度较广,生物学资料丰富的标本,为本区鸟类标本生物学资料信息系统的建立奠定了基础。     

伊犁鼠兔的一些生物学资料

伊犁鼠兔的一些生物学资料马跃新，张国强，朱马哈孜（乌鲁木齐县卫生防疫站，８３００１１）伊犁鼠兔隶属免形目鼠兔科，李维东等（１９８６年）记载为新种。其分布区极其局限，数量甚少。作者１９９１年以来在调查动物自然疫源性疾病的同时，对该鼠在乌鲁木齐南山分布状...     

新疆新发现一种酒葡萄害虫

2009年8月,在新疆玛纳斯新发现一种对酒葡萄为害较为严重的害虫,经鉴定该虫为绿长突叶蝉(Batraco-morphus pandarusKnight,1983),为中国新记录种。该害虫主要集中在葡萄果梗、叶腋处刺吸为害,并产生大量蜜露污染果实和叶片,引起霉污病,严重影响葡萄光合作用和果品质量。本文记述了该新记录种的形态鉴别特征,并对其寄主、分布和为害进行了初步调查。     

新疆鼓藻属植物（Cosmarium Cord.）新记录种

乌鲁木齐达坂城地区是新疆湿地分布比较集中的地区之一,包括河流、沼泽、湖泊和池塘等。2010年7-8月,先后2次在该地区采集藻类标本,在对标本鉴定过程中,发现新疆鼓藻属新记录有6种,分别为双眼鼓藻（Cosmarium bioculatum）、扁鼓藻（C.depressum）、丘凸鼓藻（C.ochthodes）、厚皮鼓藻（C.pachydermum）、斑点鼓藻（C.punctulatum）和直角鼓藻（C. rectangulare）,并描述了其形态学特征。这些新记录的发现,丰富了新疆鼓藻属植物的研究资料。     

Gentian mosaic virus: A New Species in the Genus Fabavirus

ABSTRACT A viral isolate, designated N-1 and obtained from a gentian (Gentiana scabra) plant that exhibited mosaic symptoms, was transmitted mechanically to nine plant species in six families. These plants are known as hosts of fabaviruses. The N-1 isolate was composed of isometric particles 30 nm in diameter and included two RNA molecules of approximately 6.0 and 3.6 kb in length, as estimated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The RNAs were encapsidated separately in two of the three types of particle. Each particle contained two distinct proteins with Mr values of 39.3 x 10(3) and 26.6 x 10(3), as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Analysis of complete nucleotide sequences of the RNAs suggested that each encoded a single large polyprotein, in which putative functional proteins were arranged in a manner similar to those in Broad bean wilt virus 1 (BBWV-1) and Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV-2), which are members of the genus Fabavirus (family Comoviridae). Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the proteins indicated that those of isolate N-1 shared 38 to 66% identity with those of BBWV-1 and BBWV-2 but only 16 to 42% identity with those of a comovirus, Cowpea mosaic virus. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the amino acid sequences of RNA polymerase, placed isolate N-1 in a separate lineage from BBWV-1 and BBWV-2. In indirect-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, isolate N-1 exhibited distant serological relationship to BBWV-1, BBWV-2, and Lamium mild mosaic virus, another fabavirus. Our results suggest that N-1 represents a new species of Fabavirus. We propose the name Gentian mosaic virus for this new species.     

吉尔吉斯斯坦刻腹小蜂科(膜翅目:小蜂总科)一新纪录属及一新纪录种

首次记述了分布于吉尔吉斯斯坦的刻腹小蜂科(Ormyridae)昆虫,包括吉尔吉斯斯坦1新纪录属——刻腹小蜂属(Ormyrus),1个新纪录种——刻腹小蜂(Ormyrus yeschilirmaka Doganlar)。并对新纪录属和种的形态及分布进行了描述,绘制了形态特征图。研究标本保存于新疆大学生命科学与技术学院昆虫实验室。     

Serological and Molecular Characterization of Peanut chlorotic fan-spot virus, a New Species of the Genus Tospovirus

ABSTRACT To clarify the serological relationship of Peanut chlorotic fan-spot virus (PCFV) with other tospoviruses, antisera were produced against the nucleocapsid (N) proteins of this virus and tospoviruses from four serogroups including Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV), and Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV). In immunodiffusion tests, the antisera only reacted with their homologous antigens. Similar results were noticed in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot tests, with the exception that strong cross-reactions were observed in heterologous combinations between TSWV and GRSV. The results indicated that the N protein of PCFV is not serologically related to those of the tospoviruses from the four serogroups. To further characterize the virus, viral S double-stranded RNA was extracted from PCFV-infected Chenopodium quinoa and used for cDNA cloning and sequencing. The full-length viral strand of the S RNA was determined to be 2,833 nucleotides, with an inverted repeat at the 5' and 3' ends and two open reading frames in an ambisense arrangement. The 3'-terminal sequence (5'-AUUGCUCU-3') of the viral S RNA is identical to those of other tospoviruses, indicating that PCFV belongs to the genus Tospovirus. The N and the NSs proteins of PCFV share low amino acid identities (22.3 to 67.5% and 19.3 to 54.2%) with those of reported tospoviruses, respectively. The phylogenetic dendrogram of the N gene of PCFV compared with those of other tospoviruses indicates that PCFV is distinct from other tospoviruses. In hybridization analyses, an N gene cDNA probe of PCFV did not react with viral RNAs of TSWV, GRSV, INSV, and WSMoV, and vice versa. Thus, based on these results, we conclude that PCFV is a new tospovirus species.     

Eyespot of Cereals Revisited: ITS phylogeny Reveals New Species Relationships

Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.     

上海地区发现新外来入侵种——草胡椒

草胡椒[Peperomia pellucida(L.)Kunth]原产美洲热带,是新近传入上海的外来植物.文章初步报道了草胡椒的植物学特征和生物学特性、世界上的分布范围、危害及其利用价值,旨在为预防蔓延提供基础资料.     

Complete Nucleotide Sequence of Ryegrass Mottle Virus : A New Species of the Genus Sobemovirus

The genome of Ryegrass mottle virus (RGMoV) comprises 4210 nucleotides. The genomic RNA contains four open reading frames (ORFs). The largest ORF 2 encodes a polyprotein of 947 amino acids (103.6 kDa), which codes for a serine protease and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The viral coat protein is encoded on ORF 4 present at the 3′-proximal region. Other ORFs 1 and 3 encode the predicted 14.6 kDa and 19.8 kDa proteins of unknown function. The consensus signal for frameshifting, heptanucleotide UUUAAAC and a stem-loop structure just downstream is in front of the AUG codon of ORF 3. Analysis of the in vitro translation products of RGMoV RNA suggests that the 68 kDa protein may represent a fusion protein of ORF 2-ORF 3 produced by frameshifting. The protease region of the polyprotein and coat protein have a low similarity with that of the sobemoviruses (approximately 25% amino acid identity), while the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region has particularly strong similarity (54 to 60% of more than 350 amino acid residues). The sequence similarities of RGMoV to the sobemoviruses, together with the characteristic genome organization indicate that RGMoV is a new species of the genus Sobemovirus. Received 28 June 2000/ Accepted in revised form 14 November 2000     

New Leaf Spot Disease of Cymbidium Species Caused by Fusarium subglutinans and Fusarium proliferatum

Fusarium species were consistently isolated from yellow, swollen spots with reddishbrown centers and small black spots on leaves of Cymbidium plants in the greenhouse. Fusarium subglutinans caused the yellow spots and Fusarium proliferatum caused either the yellow or the black spots. We propose the name “yellow spot” for the new disease. To denote differences in their pathogenicity to orchid plants, we designate the population causing yellow spot as race Y and that causing black spot as race B of F. proliferatum. Received 29 October 1999/ Accepted in revised form 10 March 2000     

中国新记录属环绕衣属及一个中国新记录种

根据新疆地衣的实地调查和相关研究资料,研究了新疆巨孢衣科(Megaosporaceae)地衣标本的外部形态特征,内部解剖结构及化学成分,并进行了分类和鉴定。结果表明,地衣体呈枝状至亚枝状,不固定于基物,具假杯点,分生孢子短以及含有aspicilin等特征,并发现了中国新记录属环绕衣属(Circinaria Link)和中国新记录种旋转环绕衣〔Circinaria contorta(Hoffm.)A.Nordin,S.Savic'﹠Tibell〕,同时提供了地衣体的形态和解剖图。     

柑橘木虱寄生性天敌调查及一新种记述

柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama既是柑橘上的重要害虫,又是柑橘黄龙病的传播虫媒,对我国柑橘产业存在潜在威胁。进一步调查柑橘木虱的寄生性天敌资源,明确其种类和鉴别特征,对筛选优势天敌种类并开展生物防治应用具有重要意义。本文调查结果有柑橘木虱初寄生蜂2种,分别为亮腹姬小蜂Tamarixia radiate（Waterston）、阿里食虱跳小蜂Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis（Shafee,Alam et Argarwal）;重寄生蜂4种,分别为新种小斑塔姬小蜂Tamarixia micromacula Wang et Huang,sp.n.（姬小蜂科Eulophidae）、沃氏卡棒小蜂Chartocerus walkeri Hayat、黄食虱跳小蜂Psyllaphycus diaphorinae Hayat（中国新记录属、新记录种）、恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sp.♂。记述了寄生性天敌分类鉴别的主要形态特征及其发生概况,描述了新种小斑塔姬小蜂,提供了寄生性天敌的形态特征照片。新种模式标本及其他研究标本保存于福建农林大学植物保护学院。     

化防田与综防田蜘蛛群落物种组成及优势类群动态分析

洞庭湖平原地区共有稻田蜘蛛10科27属41种，其优势种为拟水狼蛛、食虫沟瘤蛛、八斑鞘腹蛛和锥腹肖蛸。在两类防治田的早稻田中，蜘蛛优势种没有变化，主要为拟水狼蛛和食虫沟瘤蛛；晚稻田中，蜘蛛优势种存在更替现象。在综防田和化防田中，蜘蛛种类和个体数量存在较大差异。同时，对蜘蛛控制害虫生物量进行了定量测定。