准格尔露天矿区复垦对土壤细菌多样性的影响研究

运用PCR-DGGE技术对我国准格尔露天煤矿不同复垦时间土壤细菌组成及其多样性变化进行了研究,结果表明:1)复垦区的土壤细菌主要是厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门、酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门和未知细菌类7类,其中,放线菌门、拟杆菌门和变形菌门为优势类群,占到全部细菌的81.2%;2)成功完成矿山土壤样品微生物总DNA提取和PCR-DGGE的分析检测,在69个测序序列中,不可培养细菌占到总数的62.3%;3)各复垦阶段存在共有细菌类群,但更多的细菌类群是随复垦时间不同而发生变化的。4)豆科-禾本科牧草种植区的土壤细菌多样性指数要高于乔灌草类型,这可能与豆科植物中丰富的根瘤菌利于土壤细菌生长发育有关。     

Exploring soil bacterial communities in different peanut-cropping sequences using multiple molecular approaches

Soil bacterial communities have significant influence on soilborne plant pathogens and, thus, crop health. The present study focuses on ribotyping soil bacterial communities in different peanut-cropping sequences in Alabama. The objective was to identify changes in microbial assemblages in response to cropping sequences that can play a role in managing soilborne plant pathogens in peanut. Four peanut-cropping sequences were sampled at the Wiregrass Research Station, Headland, AL in 2006 and 2007, including continuous peanut, 4 years of bahiagrass followed by peanut, peanut-cotton, and peanut-corn-cotton. Soil sampling was done at early and mid-season and at harvest. Bacterial community structure was assessed using ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) combined with 16S rRNA cloning and sequencing. RISA results indicated >70% dissimilarities among different cropping sequences. However, 90% similarities were noticed among replicated plots of the same cropping sequences. Cropping sequences and time of soil sampling had considerable effect on soil microbial community structure. Bahiagrass rotation with peanut was found to have the highest bacterial diversity, as indicated by a high Shannon Weaver Diversity index. Overall, higher bacterial diversity was observed with bahiagrass and corn rotations compared with continuous peanut. The bacterial divisions Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinomycetes were the predominant bacterial phyla found in all peanut-cropping sequences. The Proteobacteria taxa in these soils were negatively correlated with the abundance of members of division Firmicutes but, conversely, had a significant positive correlation with Gemmatimonadetes taxa. The prevalence of the division Actinomycetes was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of members of division Verrucomicrobia. These results indicate complex interactions among soil bacteria that are important contributors to crop health.     

青藏高原不同生境土壤细菌群落结构特征及其与环境的关系

为了解土壤微生物在青藏高原的分布状况及环境依赖特点，对青藏高原5种不同类型的土壤微生物群落结构、组成及其与环境关系进行了研究。通过高通量测序技术研究青藏高原不同生境土壤细菌的组成和多样性，共获得1 463 157条16S rRNA基因序列。各样品中可操作分类单元(Operational taxonomic units, OTUs)在4 344~5 764 之间。土壤样品中细菌以变形菌门(35.5%)、放线菌门(20.4%)、酸杆菌门(12.5%)、拟杆菌门(7.3%)、绿弯菌门(6.1%)和厚壁菌门(5.3%)为主，其中变形菌门最为丰富。在变形菌门中，α-变形菌纲是第一大纲，占有45.9%的OTUs，其后是γ-变形菌纲和β-变形菌纲。Person相关性分析和RDA分析表明，土壤含水量、有机碳含量与钾含量对细菌群落分布起主要作用。     

气温变化条件下融雪速率和土壤水分变化的同步观测试验

气候变化可以改变积雪持续的时间、雪盖储水量及积雪开始融化的时间,从而影响土壤水分时空分配。利用TFACE（temperature free air controlled enhancement）的增温装置,在中国科学院天山积雪与雪崩研究站的融雪季节进行为期一个月的室外增温试验。试验包括3种处理：自然状态、增温Ⅰ和增温Ⅱ。结果表明：气温的升高和增温区内局部空气热对流加入的黑色粉尘物质加速了积雪的消融;在增温Ⅰ和增温Ⅱ条件下,积雪将提前19 d和25 d 消融,相应的各土层土壤水分也出现不同程度的增加。与此同时,土壤水分最大值也提前13 d和22 d。土壤水分极值的提前预示着以融雪水为重要来源、以超渗产流模式为主的河流洪峰的提前,或者超渗产流模式向蓄满产流模式的转变。这将给区域内水资源的时空分布和管理分配带来影响。     

Effect of vegetation on soil bacteria and their potential functions for ecological restoration in the Hulun Buir Sandy Land,China

To date, much of research on revegetation has focused on soil microorganisms due to their contributions in the formation of soil and soil remediation process. However, little is known about the soil bacteria and their functions respond to the diverse vegetational types in the process of vegetation restoration. Effects of dominated vegetation, i.e., Artemisia halodendron Turcz Ex Bess, Caragana microphylla Lam., Hedysarum fruticosum Pall. and Pinus sylvestris L. on bacterial community structures and their potential functions in the Hulun Buir Sandy Land, China were determined using high-throughput 16 S r RNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states(PICRUSt) in 2015. Although the dominant phyla of soil bacterial community among different types of vegetation, including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, were similar, the relative abundance of these dominant groups significantly differed, indicating that different types of vegetation might result in variations in the composition of soil bacterial community. In addition, functional genes of bacterial populations were similar among different types of vegetation, whereas its relative abundance was significantly differed. Most carbon fixation genes showed a high relative abundance in P. sylvestris, vs. recalcitrant carbon decomposition genes in A. halodendron, suggesting the variations in carbon cycling potential of different types of vegetation. Abundance of assimilatory nitrate reduction genes was the highest in P. sylvestris, vs. dissimilatory nitrate reduction and nitrate reductase genes in A. halodendron, indicating higher nitrogen gasification loss and lower nitrogen utilization gene functions in A. halodendron. The structures and functional genes of soil bacterial community showed marked sensitivities to different plant species, presenting the potentials for regulating soil carbon and nitrogen cycling.     

茴香轮作调控土壤细菌群落缓解三七连作障碍的效应及机制

三七是我国特有的中药材,但连作障碍严重制约了其产业发展,轮作是生产上最常用且有效的缓解措施.本研究在三七收获后的土壤上轮作茴香,通过测定轮作土壤水浸液对三七存苗的影响来评价轮作对三七连作障碍的缓解效果,并从轮作对土壤细菌群落的影响方面深入阐释轮作缓解连作障碍的机制.结果表明,茴香轮作后的土壤水浸液可以显著提高三七的存苗...     

南瓜白粉病不同病情等级下叶际细菌群落结构和多样性

南瓜白粉病是一种危害严重的真菌病害,研究不同病情等级下细菌群落组成的异同对进一步研究南瓜白粉病的生物防治具有重要意义。采集来自3个不同发病等级的南瓜白粉病叶片(R1、R2和R3),运用高通量测序方法分析比较了不同发病等级的南瓜叶片的细菌群落结构和多样性,发现三个不同病情等级下细菌群落结构存在显著差异。在门水平上,三个病情等级下优势门均为Actinobacteria(放线菌门)、Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌门)、Proteobacteria(变形菌门)和Firmicutes(厚壁菌门);在属水平上,R1病情等级下优势属是Methylobacterium、Sphingomonas和Acinetobacter,R2病情等级下为Acinetobacter、Kluyvera和Pantoea,R3病情等级下为Methylobacterium、Kluyvera和Pantoea。南瓜白粉病菌可以改变南瓜叶际细菌群落结构,影响细菌群落多样性。Kluyvera、Pantoea和Erwinia的相对丰度与病情等级呈正相关,随着病情严重发生,丰度得到增强,表明它们可能与白粉菌存在协同作用。这些结果对进一步研究南瓜叶际微生态从而防控白粉病提供了科学参考依据。     

高通量测序分析高温覆膜对韭菜根际微生物多样性的影响

为明确高温覆膜对韭菜根际土壤微生物群落多样性和组成的影响。本研究在覆膜前后对韭菜根际土壤中总DNA进行提取，采用Illumina Hiseq 2500高通量测序技术对土壤中细菌的16S rDNA和真菌的ITS基因进行了序列测定，分析了高温覆膜前后韭菜根际土壤中微生物群落结构特征。结果表明，高温覆膜前后分别获得细菌OTUs 1849个和1819个，真菌OTUs 148个和151个，无显著差异。覆膜前后物种分类显示，细菌种类均隶属于24门53纲112目218科322属，其中优势类群为蛋白菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门，覆膜前后的相对丰度分别为43.79%、21.70%、21.03%和42.36%、17.55%、23.92%。真菌种类均隶属于4门10纲21目27科34属，优势类群为子囊菌门和担子菌门，覆膜前后的相对丰度分别为62.48%、15.28%和51.13%、40.95%。可见，土壤中细菌群落的多样性和丰富度均高于真菌，覆膜前后微生物总量无显著变化，细菌、真菌在多样性指数上无显著差异，而在结构组成上差异显著。     

沿黄灌区饲用油菜与苏丹草间作对土壤酶活性及细菌群落结构的影响

为探究沿黄灌区饲用油菜与苏丹草间作对土壤酶活性及细菌群落结构的影响,于2022年在内蒙古鄂尔多斯市达拉特旗,采用高通量测序技术结合土壤酶活性,比较分析饲用油菜单作、苏丹草单作、饲用油菜苏丹草间作3个种植模式下的土壤细菌群落结构及酶活性的差异。结果表明：饲用油菜苏丹草间作显著提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶活性,较饲用油菜单作和苏丹草单作分别提高了8.09%~13.93%和13.01%~58.02%。饲用油菜苏丹草间作使土壤细菌OTUs数目和细菌群落多样性指数提高。不同种植模式下土壤细菌群落组成和相对丰度表现不同,其中变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、芽单胞菌门为优势菌门,Salinimicrobium、海杆菌属、革兰菌属为优势菌属;间作种植模式提高了变形菌门、放线菌门、芽单胞菌门、革兰菌属的相对丰度。相关性分析表明：土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶与变形菌门相对丰度呈显著正相关关系,与酸杆菌门相对丰度呈显著负相关关系;土壤碱性磷酸酶与蛭弧菌门相对丰度呈显著正相关关系,与放线菌门相对丰度呈显著负相关关系;土壤过氧化氢酶与蛭弧菌门相对丰度呈显著正相关关系,与厚壁菌门相对丰度呈极显著负相关关系。综上可知,饲用油菜苏丹草间作改变了土壤细菌群落结构,提高土壤酶活性和有益菌物种丰度,可作为改善沿黄灌区盐碱土壤微生态环境的有效措施。     

生防菌剂多黏类芽胞杆菌对辣椒根际土壤细菌群落的影响

多黏类芽胞杆菌对辣椒疫病有较好的防治效果,本文重点研究了其对辣椒根际细菌微生物的影响。收集了109 cfu/g多黏类芽胞杆菌WP、25%嘧菌酯SC、68%精甲霜·锰锌WG及对照处理后的辣椒根际细菌,通过高通量测序分析了根际细菌种群多样性和群落结构。多黏类芽胞杆菌处理后的辣椒根际细菌多样性最高,化学药剂处理后的辣椒根际细菌多样性也均高于对照。通过分析高通量测序结果,发现辣椒根际细菌包括变形菌门Proteobacteria、奇古菌门Thaumarchaeota、酸杆菌门Acidobacteria、绿弯菌门Chloroflexi、放线菌门Actinobacteria等13个门。变形菌门的丰度在对照(JD)中高达70.65%,而在嘧菌酯(JA)、精甲霜·锰锌(JB)和多黏类芽胞杆菌(JC)的处理中分别降至24.41%、25.64%和34.95%,但仍然是各处理的优势菌群。在化学药剂和多黏类芽胞杆菌的3种处理中酸杆菌门和绿弯菌门菌群的丰度远高于对照,特别是奇古菌门菌在化学药剂处理中的丰度极显著高于多黏类芽胞杆菌和对照处理。经多黏类芽胞杆菌处理后发现芽单胞菌门和芽单胞菌属远高于对照,分别为7.35%(JC)、0.11%(JD)。研究结果表明:施用多黏类芽胞杆菌不仅可以有效防治辣椒疫病,还可以改变辣椒根际土壤微生物区系,提高土壤中细菌种群的多样性。     

黄连根腐病发生与根际土壤、根茎内生、叶内生细菌群落结构变化关系

为了探讨细菌群落结构与黄连根腐病发生的关系,本文分析了两个不同地点健康和染病黄连的根茎、叶内生细菌和根际土壤细菌的组成和差异。结果显示,黄连根茎、叶片和根际土壤样品中根际土壤细菌群落多样性最丰富,根茎内生菌次之。在所有样品中,主要的优势菌门为变形菌门Proteobacteria、放线菌门Actinobacteria、拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes和绿弯菌门Chloroflexi。相较于健康黄连组样品,染病黄连根际土壤、根茎和叶片样品中多个菌属细菌相对丰度发生显著改变,如Vibrionimonas,乳杆菌属Lactobacillus和鞘氨醇单胞菌属Sphingomonas等,表明可能与黄连根腐病的发生有一定关联。此外,RDA分析表明,伯克氏菌属Burkholderia、全噬菌属Holophaga和雷尔氏菌属Ralstonia与黄连根际土壤有机质、有效氮、pH有显著相关性。本研究分析了两个不同地点的健康和染病黄连根际、叶片内生细菌和根际土壤细菌群落结构差异,为综合分析黄连根腐病的成因和机制提供了参考。     

博斯腾湖人工湿地中微生物群落空间分布特征

博斯腾湖人工湿地是典型的多级表面流污水人工湿地处理系统。本研究采集博斯腾湖人工湿地各级子系统进水和出水口的水样及沉积物,通过高通量测序技术,分析了多级湿地系统中水和沉积物中的微生物群落空间分布特征。结果表明:总体上人工湿地沉积物中的微生物多样性和丰度高于水体。在多级湿地系统中微生物群落丰度及多样性自入口起始,先增加后由潜流湿地排入博斯腾湖后减小。水中核心门类为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)及浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)。其中变形菌门整体呈上升趋势,从初始进水口的59.11%上升至最终出水口的84.80%,而厚壁菌门类整体呈下降趋势,从24.05%降至6.83%。但厚壁菌门类细菌仍是优势菌种,这表明该门类细菌在废水处理系统中是优势菌种。沉积物中变形菌门类和厚壁菌门类细菌依然占主导地位,厚壁菌门类细菌丰度也是先增加后减少,而变形菌门类细菌整体上随处理深度呈下降趋势;拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi),两者在整个处理过程中呈现出完全相反的趋势。尽管水和沉积物中优势门类细菌均为变形菌门,并且最主要的功能类群均为氨基酸运输和代谢,但微生物群落整体结构及功能仍显著不同。     

不同连作年限硒砂瓜土壤细菌群落结构特征

应用高通量测序技术对宁夏中卫地区不同连作年限硒砂瓜土壤细菌群落结构和多样性进行研究,旨在揭示不同连作年限对硒砂瓜土壤细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明:随着连作时间的增加,细菌多样性指数和丰富度指数逐渐增加。从5份不同连作年限硒砂瓜土壤样本中共获得39门、98纲和620属的细菌;优势门为放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria);随着连作时间的增加,放线菌门、酸酐菌门丰度先增加后降低,变形菌门丰度逐渐降低,绿弯菌门丰度呈先降低后增加又降低现象;优势纲分别为放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌纲(Acidobacteria)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、芽单胞菌纲(Gmmatimonadetes)、杆菌纲(Bacilli)、热原体纲(Themomicrobia)、γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)、β-变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria);优势目为norank_cAc...     

Changes in diversity,composition and assembly processes of soil microbial communities during Robinia pseudoacacia L. restoration on the Loess Plateau,China

Robinia pseudoacacia L. (RP) restoration has increased vegetation cover in semi-arid regions on the Loess Plateau of China, but ecological problems have also occurred due to RP restoration, such as reduced soil moisture. Further, it is still uncertain how microbial diversity, composition and assembly processes change with RP restoration in semi-arid regions. Therefore, amplicon sequencing of small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes was performed to study soil bacterial and fungal diversity, composition and assembly processes at four study sites with different stand ages of RP plantations (Y10, RP plantation with stand ages less than 10 a; Y15, RP plantation with stand ages approximately 15 a; Y25, RP plantation with stand ages approximately 25 a; and Y40, RP plantation with stand ages approximately 40 a) along a 40-a chronosequence on the Loess Plateau. The diversity of soil bacteria and fungi increased significantly during the restoration period from 10 to 15 a (P<0.05). However, compared with Y15, bacterial diversity was lower at Y25 and Y40, and fungal diversity remained stable during the restoration period between 25 and 40 a. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Ascomycota increased during the restoration period from 10 to 15 a. Conversely, after 15 a of restoration, they both decreased, whereas the relative abundances of Actinomycetes, Acidobacteria and Basidiomycota gradually increased. The variations in soil bacterial communities were mainly related to changes in soil total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and moisture contents, while soil fungal communities were mainly shaped by soil organic carbon and nitrate nitrogen contents. Bacterial communities were structured by the heterogeneous selection and stochastic process, while fungal communities were structured primarily by the stochastic process. The RP restoration induced an increase in the relative importance of heterogeneous selection on bacterial communities. Overall, this study reveals the changes in microbial diversity, community composition and assembly processes with RP restoration on the Loess Plateau and provides a new perspective on the effects of vegetation restoration on soil microbial communities in semi-arid regions.     

轮作休耕模式对土壤细菌群落的影响

以黄土高原半干旱区9种轮作休耕模式土壤为研究对象,分别设残膜覆盖(T₁)、伏天深耕(T₂)、施牛羊粪(7 500 kg·hm^-2)+深翻耕(30 cm)+连续休耕3 a(T₃)、施牛羊粪(7 500 kg·hm^-2)+深翻耕(30 cm)+连续种植豌豆3 a并在盛花期翻压还田(T₄)、施牛羊粪(7 500 kg·hm^-2)+深翻耕(30 cm)+连续3 a种植豌豆(每kg豌豆种子拌根瘤菌粉8.5 g)并在盛花期翻压还田(T₅)、玉米秸秆粉碎(还田量7 500 kg·hm^-2)+施牛羊粪(7 500 kg·hm^-2)+深翻耕(30 cm)+连续休耕3 a(T₆)、玉米秸秆粉碎(还田量7 500 kg·hm^-2)+施牛羊粪(7 500 kg·hm^-2)+深翻耕(30 cm)+连续3 a种植毛苕子并在盛花期翻压...     

松嫩草原盐碱土细菌多样性分析

以松嫩盐碱草原3种不同盐碱程度的盐碱土为材料,应用高通量测序技术,研究了3种不同程度盐碱土壤的细菌群落结构。结果表明:3种盐碱土的理化性质差异显著(P<0.05),pH值、碱化度随着盐碱化程度增加而增大,而碱解氮、速效钾和有机质含量随着盐碱化程度增加而降低;3种盐碱土共获得2841个OTU,分属于39个细菌门,其中酸杆菌门、变形菌门等10个菌门是盐碱土中最主要的细菌门类;轻度盐碱土中酸杆菌门占主导地位,相对丰度为32.28%,中度盐碱土中变形菌门占主导地位,相对丰度为19.87%,重度盐碱土中放线菌门占主导地位,相对丰度为22.57%;RDA分析表明,酸杆菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、广古菌门、TM7等的相对丰度与碱解氮、有机质以及速效钾含量呈正相关,疣微菌门的相对丰度与有效磷含量呈正相关,放线菌门、浮霉菌门、拟杆菌门、芽单胞菌门、厚壁菌门的相对丰度与pH值、碱化度呈正相关。     

不同连作年限马铃薯根际土壤细菌群落特征研究

采用长期定位试验,设马铃薯连作1~7 a（CP1~CP7）和轮作（RT）8个处理,通过高通量测序探究不同连作年限对马铃薯根际土壤细菌群落多样性的影响。结果表明：供试土壤中,放线菌门、变形菌门、厚壁菌门为主要的优势菌门。随连作年限的增加,土壤细菌数量表现出波动变化趋势,连作年限影响细菌群落结构。RT、CP1、CP2、CP3处理土壤细菌相似度较高,CP4、CP5、CP6、CP7处理土壤细菌相似度较高。马铃薯连作7 a土壤中的放线菌门相对丰度降幅最大,较RT降低10.47%;厚壁菌门相对丰度在连作6 a土壤中显著降低,较RT减少22.07%;类诺卡氏属相对丰度在连作7 a显著减少,较RT减少2.34%;芽孢杆菌属相对丰度在连作6 a时最低,较RT减少9.18%;连作7 a较RT减少5.14%;芽单胞菌属相对丰度在连作7 a土壤中达到最高（16.54%）,较RT增加5.26%。长期连作改变了马铃薯土壤细菌群落结构,连作4 a土壤细菌群落种类开始变化,土壤细菌群落结构也随之改变。土壤中预防病害的菌类减少,增加了马铃薯染病风险。     

黑龙江大豆轮作和连作土壤细菌群落多样性比较

为研究大豆轮作和连作对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响,提取黑龙江大豆轮作和连作土壤微生物总DNA,采用细菌通用引物27F和1492R扩增了土壤细菌16S rDNA片段,构建了细菌16S rDNA克隆文库,并对文库中的细菌群落多样性进行了分析。通过16S rDNA序列同源性分析,发现76.5%克隆序列与环境中未培养细菌的16S rDNA序列有较高的相似性,仅有23.5%的克隆序列与GenBank数据库中可培养细菌有较高的相似性,表明黑龙江大豆田土壤中的多数细菌尚未培养。系统发育分析表明黑龙江土壤细菌分属于6大类群,其中变形菌Proteobacteria和酸杆菌Acidobacteria所占比例较大,另有少量厚壁菌Firmicutes、放线菌Actinobacteria、芽单胞菌Gemmatimonadetes和未分类的细菌。大豆轮作土壤细菌多样性更为丰富,并以变形菌为优势细菌类群;而大豆连作土壤细菌多样性有所减少,以酸杆菌为优势细菌类群。表明黑龙江大豆田土壤中细菌多样性十分丰富,其种植方式对土壤细菌群落结构影响较大。     

Combined effects of snow depth and nitrogen addition on ephemeral growth at the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert, China

Water and nitrogen(N) inputs are considered as the two main limiting factors affecting plant growth.Changes in these inputs are expected to alter the structure and composition of the plant community,thereby influencing biodiversity and ecosystem function.Snowfall is a form of precipitation in winter,and snow melting can recharge soil water and result in a flourish of ephemerals during springtime in the Gurbantunggut Desert,ChinaA bi-factor experiment was designed and deployed during the snow-covering season from 2009 to 2010.The experiment aimed to explore the effects of different snow-covering depths and N addition levels on ephemerals.Findings indicated that deeper snow cover led to the increases in water content in topsoil as well as density and coverage of ephemeral plants in the same N treatment;by contrast,N addition sharply decreased the density of ephemerals in the same snow treatment.Meanwhile,N addition exhibited a different effect on the growth of ephemeral plants:in the 50% snow treatment,N addition limited the growth of ephemeral plants,showing that the height and the aboveground biomass of the ephemeral plants were lower than in those without N addition;while with the increases in snow depth(100% and 150% snow treatments),N addition benefited the growth of the dominant individual plants.Species richness was not significantly affected by snow in the same N treatment.However,N addition significantly decreased the species richness in the same snow-covering depth.The primary productivity of ephemerals in the N addition increased with the increase of snow depth.These variations indicated that the effect of N on the growth of ephemerals was restricted by water supply.With plenty of water(100% and 150% snow treatments),N addition contributed to the growth of ephemeral plants;while with less water(50% snow treatment),N addition restricted the growth of ephemeral plants.     

长期施用绿肥对小麦玉米间作土壤微生物的影响

利用Biolog微平板法和高通量测序技术，研究小麦玉米间作条件下，不同长期施肥处理土壤微生物对不同碳源的利用差异以及土壤微生物群落在门、属水平上的变化，探明长期施用绿肥对土壤微生物群落多样性及代谢功能的影响。结果表明：长期施用绿肥可显著提高土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量，降低土壤pH值，增强土壤微生物碳源代谢能力。不同施肥条件下，放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为土壤优势菌群，绿肥处理的放线菌门丰度最高(29.94%),农家肥处理最低(22.95%);秸秆还田处理的变形菌门丰度最高(22.32%),对照处理最低(18.85%);酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)在各个处理中的相对丰富度较高，分别为13.39%～19.71%、10.85%～14.56%、3.54%～12.98%。长期施用绿肥有效提高了土壤放线菌门、厚壁菌门、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)以及假节杆菌属(Pseudarthrobacter)的丰度，降低了酸杆菌门的丰度，增加了土壤微生物种群数量。综...