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1.
Reliable estimation of the mass-flux profiles of aeolian sediment is essential for predicting sediment transport rates accurately and designing measures to cope with wind-erosion. Vertical mass-flux profiles from seventeen wind-erosion events were re-evaluated using five typical models based on observed data obtained from a smooth bare field at the southern fringe of the Taklimakan Desert, China. The results showed that the exponential-function model and the logarithmic-function model exhibited the poorest fit between observed and predicted mass-flux profiles. The power-function model and the modified power-function model improved the fit to field data to an equivalent extent, while the five-parameter combined-function model with a scale constant(σ) of 0.00001 m(different from the σ value proposed by Fryear, which represented the height above which 50% of the total mass flux occurred) was verified as the best for describing the vertical aeolian sediment mass-flux profiles using goodness of fit(R2) and the Akaike Information Criterion(AIC) values to evaluate model performance. According to relationships among model parameters, the modified power model played a prominent explanatory role in describing the vertical profiles of the observed data, whereas the exponential model played a coordinating role. In addition, it was found that the vertical profiles could not be extrapolated using the five selected models or easily estimated using an efficient model without field observations by a near-surface sampler at 0 to 0.05 m. 相似文献
2.
Water is a restrictive factor for plant growth and ecosystem stability in arid and semiarid areas. The dynamics of water availability in soils and water use by plants are consequently critical to ecosystem functions, e.g. maintaining a high resistance to the changing climate. Plant water use strategies, including water-use efficiency(WUE) and the main water source that a plant species utilizes, play an important role in the evaluation of stability and sustainability of a plantation. The water use strategies of desert plants(Tamarix chinensis, Alhagi sparsifolia, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Sophora alopecuroides, Bassia dasyphylla and Nitraria sphaerocarpa) in three different habitats(saline land, sandy land and Gobi) in Dunhuang(located in the typical arid area of northwestern China) were studied. The stable isotope of oxygen was used to determine the main water source and leaf carbon isotope discrimination was used to estimate the long-term WUE of plant species in the summer of 2010. The results suggest that: 1) the studied desert plants took up soil water below the depth of 80 cm; 2) T. chinensis in the three habitats used deeper soil water and T. chinensis in the Gobi site had higher WUE than those in the saline land and the sandy land. The results indicated that desert plants in Dunhuang depended on stable water source and maintained high WUE to survive in water limited environments. 相似文献
4.
Water is a limiting factor in the restoration and construction of desert steppe. Exploring plant water sources is necessary to understand soil-plant interactions and species coexistence; however, water sources of major plant communities within the desert steppe of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the water uptake of plants in four typical communities: Agropyron mongolicum Keng.; Sophora alopecuroids Linn.; Stipa breviflora Griseb., and Achnatherum splendens (Trin.) Nevski communities. Stable isotopes δD and δ18O in the xylem of plant and soil water at different soil depths were analyzed. An IsoSource model was used to determine the soil depths from which plants obtained water. Results showed that A. mongolicum community obtained water predominantly from 0-20 and 40-80 cm depth, S. alopecuroids community from 0-20 cm depth, S. breviflora community from 0-40 cm depth, and A. splendens community from 0-20 and 80-140 cm depths. S. alopecuroides had a wider range of soil depths for water extraction, i.e., utilizing different water sources depending on habitat, and the plasticity of its water uptake pattern determined its role in different communities. Water source of plants relayed heavily on the distribution of their roots. Competition for soil water exists between different plant life forms in the sierozem habitat (A. mongolicum, S. alopecuroids, and S. breviflora communities), and in the sandy soil habitat (A. splendens community). The use of soil water by A. splendens community is more spatially differentiated, and shrubs and herbs can coexist stably. Under the pattern of extended drought period in the future, sierozem habitat may be more favorable for the formation of a dominant monoculture community type of perennial fibrous plants. In aeolian sandy soil habitat, A. splendens had a strong competitive advantage, and the growth of shallow-rooted plants was easily suppressed. 相似文献
5.
荒漠草原土壤健康评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文中以西鄂尔多斯自然保护区东部的荒漠草原棕钙土为研究对象,通过野外调查与室内分析,从与土壤健康有关的物理、化学、生物学指标中筛选出具有代表性和敏感性的评价指标,建立了土壤健康评价体系,并采用模糊综合评价法对不同退化程度荒漠草原土壤的健康状况进行了分析,主要研究结果如下:1)根据植被数据的分析结果把研究区划分为未退化、轻度、中度、重度四个退化等级;2)通过主成分分析法筛选出对放牧较敏感的8个荒漠草原土壤健康评价的指标;3)用模糊数学方法对荒漠草原土壤健康状况进行综合评价,未退化区土壤差异性健康综合系数为1,轻度退化区为0.9079,中度退化区为0.6789,重度退化区为0.5949。健康土壤评价系数为(l-0.90),亚健康土壤评价系数为(0.89-0.65)和不健康土壤评价系数为(0.64-0)。未退化区、轻度退化区土壤为健康土壤,中度退化区土壤为亚健康土壤,而重度退化区土壤为不健康土壤。 相似文献
6.
以20个春小麦基因型为材料,研究了其旗叶和籽粒的碳同位素分辨率及水分利用效率在宁夏的两种生态条件下(有限灌溉地区和雨养地区)连续3 a的变化与相关性.结果表明,WUE、△La、△Gm存在年际闻、试验地点间、基因型间的差异,基因型与环境互作效应不显著.△La与△Gm相关性较好,但WUE与△La、△Gm的关系存在年际间的变化,高WUE品种的筛选应该将碳同位素分辨率与其它生理生化或农艺指标相结合. 相似文献
7.
Jinhu ZHANG 《干旱区科学》2018,10(6):821-832
The complex interactions in desert ecosystems between functional types and environmental conditions could be reflected by plant water use patterns. However, the mechanisms underlying the water use patterns as well as the water sources of Tamarix laxa in the mega-dunes of the Badain Jaran Desert, China, remain unclear. This study investigated the water sources and water use patterns of T. laxa using the stable oxygen isotope method. The δ18O values of xylem water, soil water in different layers (0-200 cm), rainwater, snow water, lake water, atmospheric water vapor, condensate water, and groundwater were measured. The sources of water used by T. laxa were determined using the IsoSource model. The results indicate that T. laxa mainly relies on soil water. At the beginning of the growing season (in May), the species is primarily dependent on water from the middle soil layer (60-120 cm) and deep soil layer (120-200 cm). However, it mainly absorbs water from the shallow soil layer (0-60 cm) as the rainy season commences. In September, water use of T. laxa reverts to the deep soil layer (120-200 cm). The water use patterns of T. laxa are closely linked with heavy precipitation events and soil water content. These findings reveal the drought resistance mechanisms of T. laxa and are of significance for screening species for ecological restoration. 相似文献
8.
2014年浑善达克沙地黄柳生长季水分来源同位素示踪研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黄柳是我国内蒙古东部和辽宁西部沙丘上广泛分布的多年生灌木,是极佳的固沙树种.通过利用氢同位素示踪方法,测定了2014年浑善达克沙地黄柳生长季茎干水与潜在水源(降水、土壤水、地下水)氢同位素比率δD值,并利用多源线性混合模型IsoSource,计算了黄柳对各潜在水源的利用比例.结果表明:在5月黄柳80％以上利用120 ～ 160 cm土壤水和地下水;6月主要吸收0～40 cm土壤水;7月主要吸收120～160 cm土壤水;8月以地下水为主要水源,利用率为82％.这表明生长在不同季节的黄柳对于各潜在水源的利用有特定的适应结果,同时也说明荒漠灌木可以通过自身的调节朝着最优的方向发展,实现最大限度的水分利用. 相似文献
9.
Gang HUANG 《干旱区科学》2017,9(6):823-836
Water-use efficiency(WUE) is a key plant functional trait that plays a central role in the global cycles of water and carbon. Although increasing precipitation may cause vegetation changes, few studies have explored the linkage between alteration in vegetation and WUE. Here, we analyzed the responses of leaf WUE, ecosystem carbon and water exchanges, ecosystem WUE, and plant community composition changes under normal conditions and also under extra 15% or 30% increases in annual precipitation in a temperate desert ecosystem of Xinjiang, China. We found that leaf WUE and ecosystem WUE showed inconsistent responses to increasing precipitation. Leaf WUE consistently decreased as precipitation increased. By contrast, the responses of the ecosystem WUE to increasing precipitation are different in different precipitation regimes: increasing by 33.9% in the wet year(i.e., the normal precipitation years)and decreasing by 4.1% in the dry year when the precipitation was about 30% less than that in the wet year.We systematically assessed the herbaceous community dynamics, community composition, and vegetation coverage to explain the responses of ecosystem WUE, and found that the between-year discrepancy in ecosystem WUE was consistent with the extent to which plant biomass was stimulated by the increase in precipitation. Although there was no change in the relative significance of ephemerals in the plant community, its greater overall plant biomass drove an increased ecosystem WUE under the conditions of increasing precipitation in 2011. However, the slight increase in plant biomass exerted no significant effect on ecosystem WUE in 2012. Our findings suggest that an alteration in the dominant species in this plant community can induce a shift in the carbon-and water-based economics of desert ecosystems. 相似文献
11.
YANG Xinguo 《干旱区科学》2023,15(1):63-76
Maintaining the stability of exotic sand-binding shrub has become a large challenge in arid and semi-arid grassland ecosystems in northern China. We investigated two kinds of shrublands with different BSCs (biological soil crusts) cover in desert steppe in Northwest China to characterize the water sources of shrub (Caragana intermedia Kuang et H. C. Fu) and grass (Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit.) by stable 18O isotopic. Our results showed that both shrublands were subject to persistent soil water deficiency from 2012 to 2017, the minimum soil depth with CV (coefficient of variation) <15% and SWC (soil water content) <6% was 1.4 m in shrubland with open areas lacking obvious BSC cover, and 0.8 m in shrubland covered by mature BSCs. For C. intermedia, a considerable proportion of water sources pointed to the surface soil. Water from BSCs contributed to averages 22.9% and 17.6% of the total for C. intermedia and A. scoparia, respectively. C. intermedia might use more water from BSCs in rainy season than dry season, in contrast to A. scoparia. The relationship between shrub (or grass) and soil water by δ18O shown significant differences in months, which partly verified the potential trends and relations covered by the high variability of the water source at seasonal scale. More fine roots at 0-5 cm soil layer could be found in the surface soil layer covered by BSCs (8000 cm/m3) than without BSCs (3200 cm/m3), which ensured the possibility of using the surface soil water by C. intermedia. The result implies that even under serious soil water deficiency, C. intermedia can use the surface soil water, leading to the coexistence between C. intermedia and A. scoparia. Different with the result from BSCs in desert areas, the natural withdrawal of artificial C. intermedia from desert steppe will be a long-term process, and the highly competitive relationship between shrubs and grasses also determines that its habitat will be maintained in serious drought state for a long time. 相似文献
12.
YongQin CUI JianYing MA Wei SUN Dunhuang Gobi Desert Ecology Environment Research Station Cold Arid Regions Environmental Engineering Research Institute CAS Lanzhou China Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education 《干旱区科学》2011,3(4):285-291
In this paper,we reviewed the progress in the application of stable isotope techniques to the study of soil salinization.As a powerful technique,stable isotopes have been widely used in the studies of soil water evaporation,the dynamics of soil salinization and salt-tolerant plant breeding.The impact of single environmental factors on plant isotope composition has been the focus of previous studies.However,the impact of multiple environmental factors on plant isotope composition remains unclear and needs to be carefully studied.In order to gain insights into soil salinization and amelioration,especially soil salinization in arid and semiarid areas,it is essential to employ stable isotope techniques and combine them with other methods,such as located field observation and remote sensing technology. 相似文献
13.
利用强度对荒漠草原土壤氮循环系统的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
随着气候的变化和人类的干扰,草原退化日趋严重。文中研究了内蒙古荒漠草原不同利用强度下土壤中4类氮素转化菌,以及土壤的固氮作用、氨化作用和硝化作用强度。结果表明,轻牧区土壤中4类氮素转化菌的数量显著增加（P〉0.05）,也显著加强了土壤中的固氮作用、氨化作用和硝化作用。有利于促进土壤的氮循环;重度利用则导致草原土壤中氮素... 相似文献
14.
Rawan MLIH 《干旱区科学》2016,8(1):77-92
Countries in the Middle Eastern and North African(MENA) region are among the most water-scarce regions in the world, and their dryland soils are usually poor in organic carbon content(<0.5%). In this study, we summarize examples of how people in the few oases of the MENA region overcome environmental challenges by sustainably managing economically important date production. On the basis of the limited studies found in the existing literature, this mini-review focuses on the role of traditional soil organic matter amendments beneath the soil surface as a key tool in land restoration. We conclude that soil organic matter amendments can be very successful in restoring soil water and preventing the soil from salinization. 相似文献
15.
16.
水分是影响荒漠地区植被分布的重要因素,近年来,我国西部地区的气候正向暖湿化发展,降水的变化势必会对植物N同位素的吸收、分配产生影响。利用15N标记法,通过不同的增水处理,研究古尔班通古特沙漠南缘标记样地和未标记样地植物N同位素吸收和分配对水分变化的响应,得出以下结论：①增水处理增加了对土壤水分的补给,显著提高了土壤水分含量;②未标记样地植物稳定性N同位素的Ndff值的变化范围为0.39～0.59,其最大值出现在30%增水处理,最小值出现在20%增水处理;③氮素标记后,样地植物稳定性N同位素Ndff值明显上升,其变化范围为15.27～31.24。从植物不同部位来看,植物吸收的氮素在植物茎中的分配比例最大,而在根中的分配比例最小。 相似文献
18.
荒漠草原不同植物群落夏季土壤呼吸特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用动态密闭气室分析法测定了荒漠草原不同植物群落土壤呼吸速率的日动态并分析了土壤呼吸对温度变化的响应。结果表明：沙蒿（Artemisia desertorum）群落、赖草（Leymus secalinus）群落、甘草（Glycyrrhi-za uralensis）群落和冰草（Agropyron crisatum）群落4种植物群落土壤呼吸速率日变化表现为不对称的单峰曲线形式。冰草群落、赖草群落与沙蒿群落之间土壤呼吸速率存在显著差异,而沙蒿群落和甘草群落则无显著差异。采用指数方程拟合各群落土壤呼吸速率与0-20cm平均土壤温度的关系均显著相关,但不同植物群落间土壤基础呼吸不一样,其值大小依次为：冰草群落〉甘草群落〉赖草群落〉沙蒿群落。Q10值的变化范围为1.22-14.75,且随着土壤深度的增加而增大,其平均值大小依次为：沙蒿群落〉赖草群落〉甘草群落〉冰草群落。 相似文献
19.
准噶尔盆地早春短命植物碳同位素组成研究 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
通过对准噶尔盆地古尔班通古特沙漠南缘17科30属36种早春短命植物的稳定碳同位素分析,结果显示,准噶尔盆地早春短命植物的叶片稳定碳同位素值在-23.80‰～-29.71‰之间变化,平均值为-26.53‰.根据碳同位素比值可用来区分植物不同的光合途径类型,可判定本研究区内的早春短命植物均属于C3植物.准噶尔盆地早春一年生短命植物和多年生类短命植物均为草本,它们的稳定碳同位素(加权)平均值十分接近,分别为-26.55‰和-26.51‰.这或许是早春短命植物的两种生活型在长期进化过程中对准噶尔盆地这一特殊生境形成的趋同适应. 相似文献