新疆伊犁河谷地下水化学特征及其形成作用

在野外水文地质调查工作基础上,对伊犁河谷潜水进行取样分析测试,采用Arc GIS空间分析功能,piper三线图,Gibbs图等方法,重点对两条典型剖面的地下水化学特征及其成因进行了分析。结果表明:1)区域水化学组分阳离子以Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)为主,阴离子以HCO_3-、SO_42-为主。水化学类型以HCO_3-Ca、HCO_3-Ca·Mg、HCO_3·SO_4-Ca以及HCO_3·SO_4-Ca·Mg型为主,TDS以<1g/L为主,水质优良。2)"1号剖面"主要阴、阳离子自北向南呈现同步变化规律,自北向南水化学类型依次为HCO_3-Ca、HCO_3·SO_4-Ca·Mg、HCO_3·SO_4-Ca·Na。"2号剖面"由东向西水化学类型依次为HCO_3-Ca·Mg、HCO_3·SO_4-Ca·Mg、HCO_3·SO_4-Ca·Na。地下水化学类型与所处地貌单元紧密相关。3)研究区地下水水化学特征的形成与岩石溶虑作用、蒸发浓缩作用、混合作用等密不可分,但以岩石溶虑作用为主。人类活动对研究区地下水化学组分产生的影响较小。     

石河子市浅层地下水化学特征及其成因分析

为研究新疆石河子市地下水化学特征及成因,采用描述性统计和Piper三线图对研究区19个潜水和25个浅层承压水水样的主要离子组分含量及水化学类型进行统计分析,并运用Schoeller图、Gibbs图和离子比值图等方法分析影响研究区地下水化学特征形成的主要因素.结果表明:石河子市浅层地下水为低矿化度的弱碱性水,水化学类型以...     

新疆奎屯地区高氟地下水的水化学特征及成因分析

以新疆奎屯地下水高砷区2个团场为研究区域,通过野外采集46个地下水样品,测定了水中的氟和主要化学离子含量,运用Piper三线图、氯碱指数、矿物饱和指数、Gibbs图等方法对该地区高氟地下水的水化学特征及成因进行研究.结果表明:研究区地下水F-浓度在0.06～3.32mg/L之间,平均含量为0.56mg/L,10.87％...     

新疆伊犁河谷地下水循环演化特征

以区域地下水流理论为指导,采用水化学与同位素分析、地下水流数值模拟等方法,以南北向"1号水文地质剖面"为主要研究对象,对伊犁河谷地区地下水化学、同位素、地下水流系统进行研究,分析总结了地下水循环演化规律。结果表明:主要阴、阳离子自北向南呈现出同步的变化规律,由北向南水化学类型依次为HCO_3-Ca、HCO_3-SO_4-Ca-Mg、HCO_3-SO_4-Ca-Na。δ~2H及δ~(18)O自北向南沿途变化不大。"1号水文地质剖面"潜水为1952年以来补给的地下水。划分为3级循环系统,依次为局部、中间和区域地下水流循环系统。其循环周期依次为5~10 a、30~40 a以及20 000 a左右。与此相对应,划分为浅部强径流区、中部中等径流区和深部弱径流区,径流速率依次为0.5 m·d~(-1)、0.1~0.5 m·d~(-1)及0.1 m·d~(-1)。建议优先开发利用浅、中部循环地下水,保护好深部循环地下水。     

盐池内流区地下水水化学特征及其形成作用

对盐池内流区浅层地下水进行取样分析测试,采用描述性统计、Pearson相关性分析、piper三线图、Gibbs图、离子比例系数图等方法对该区浅层地下水的水化学特征及其成因进行了分析研究.结果表明:1)研究区浅层地下水总体呈偏碱性,硬度极大,属于微咸水,并且F-含量普遍偏高.2)研究区浅层地下水常量组分为Na+、SO42-、Cl-,其次是HCO3-、Mg2+和Ca2+,水化学类型以Cl-Na型和SO4-Na型为主.3)地下水化学组分来源于硅铝酸盐矿物,碳酸盐矿物,以及岩盐、石膏等蒸发岩的风化溶解.4)地下水水化学特征的形成与溶滤作用、阳离子交换作用、蒸发浓缩作用、混合作用等有关,并以蒸发浓缩作用为主.     

基于地统计学的伊犁河谷西部霍城县平原区地下水特征空间变异性分析

运用经典统计学及地统计学的方法,对伊犁河谷西部霍城县平原区地下水化学及空间变异特征进行研究。结果表明:HCO_3~-和Ca~(2+)是主要的水化学特征离子,含量稳定;从山前到下游平原区水化学分带性较明显,水化学类型由HCO_3-Ca-Mg渐变为HCO_3-SO_4-Ca型,最终过渡为HCO_3-SO_4-Ca-Mg型;地下水埋深和TDS主要受以自然条件为主的结构性因素影响,表现为强空间变异性,变异曲线分别符合指数模型和球状模型;埋深的空间分布更为均匀连续,自北向南呈带状变化;TDS与埋深在空间分布上存在一定相关性,高矿化度区均分布在地下水的浅埋区。     

北京平谷平原区浅层地下水化学特征及成因分析

平谷平原区是北京市重要的地下水水源地,在城市供水安全保障中发挥着难以替代的作用。开展地下水水化学特征及成因分析,可科学地识别该区域地下水系统循环更新路径,并为地下水水源地保护提供技术依据。文中通过综合运用Piper三线图、Schoeller图、Gibbs图、离子比率图等方法,对研究区61个浅层监测井的地下水主要组成成份进行了分析研究。结果表明,研究区浅层地下水水质状况较好,其p H值范围在7.1-8.3之间,呈弱碱性;溶解性总固体和总硬度均远低于饮用水标准限值;HCO-3、Ca2+浓度变异系数较小,且浓度值较大,是地下水中最主要的阴、阳离子。地下水水化学类型以HCO3-Ca型为主,其次为HCO3-Mg型。岩石风化及水岩交互作用是研究区浅层地下水水化学类型形成的主要控制因素,在碳酸岩矿物风化作用和水岩交互作用下,地下水中主要化学组分逐步形成,并伴随着强烈的离子交换作用。     

煤矿开采影响下岩溶地下水化学特征及演化机制研究

黑龙洞泉域位于邯郸市西南部,是北方主要的岩溶泉群之一,也是重要的煤炭开采区,其地下水化学特征是影响邯郸地区水环境质量的重要因素。为充分了解煤矿开采条件下地下水化学特征及演化机制,利用多元统计分析、水文地球化学分析等方法对不同区域(西区、东区)地下水化学特征进行深入分析,并探讨控制地下水化学演化的主导因素。结果表明：研究区地下水中主要阴阳离子组分为HCO₃^-、Ca²⁺,且东区地下水主要化学组分含量普遍高于西区。西区和东区地下水化学类型主要为HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg型,而东区地下水SO₄^2-含量较高,部分水样为SO₄·HCO₃-Ca、SO₄·HCO₃-Ca·Mg型。岩石风化作用是控制研究区地下水化学成分的主导因素,且以碳酸盐岩的风化溶解为主,过高的SO₄^2-含量源于含煤地层中硫化物的氧化、石膏的溶解;离子...     

新疆高砷地区地下水水化学特征及其成因分析

以中国大陆第一个砷中毒病区新疆奎屯垦区为研究区域,测定了72份地下水水样中的主要化学离子,运用统计学、Piper三线图和Gibbs图等方法,分析了该地区地下水水化学特征及其成因。结果表明:该地区地下水为弱碱性、碱性的还原环境,地下水中As和F~-含量较高,呈极显著正相关。水化学类型主要为碱金属-重碳酸型,离子组成主要受蒸发岩风化和碳酸盐岩的控制。天山与河流沉积平原相结合的地质环境、强烈的蒸发浓缩作用使地下水中的砷得以富集,铁氧化物/氢氧化物还原过程可能是该地区导致固相砷的活化并向地下水中迁移和富集的主要原因。     

鄂尔多斯盆地洛河组地下水地球化学模拟——以陕西省长武-彬县地区为例

文中以揭示鄂尔多斯盆地长武-彬县地区白垩系洛河组地下水水化学场的形成机理为主要研究目的。在了解鄂尔多斯盆地的地形、地势、地貌、新构造运动、岩石类型、岩性构造和其他特征的基础上,运用化学热力学原理、质量作用定律和质量守恒定律,应用水文地球综合分析方法和地下水地球化学模拟技术,对白垩系洛河组地下水进行了水-岩作用的地球化学模拟。应用Phreeqc软件定量分析研究了该区地下水的演化过程、形成机理,总结了矿物或次生矿物的溶解沉淀规律以及水溶液中化学成分的变化,主要结论为:1)在水流模拟路径上主要发生了方解石与伊利石的沉淀和白云石、石膏、岩盐、斜长石、钾长石和钾云母的溶解,以及Ca-Na2间的阳离子交换作用;2)在水D20点南附近可能是洛河含水岩组地下水的排泄基点。结果表明水-岩作用模拟结果有助于揭示研究区地下水化学环境的演化机制。     

新疆昌吉州东部平原区地下水水文地球化学演化分析

为探究新疆昌吉州东部平原区地下水水质演化过程，采用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图和离子比法对昌吉州东部平原区2016年63组地下水水质取样点及54组2012—2015年地下水水质监测数据进行分析。结果表明：昌吉州东部平原区2012年地下水阳离子平均含量总体为Ca²⁺>K⁺+Na⁺>Mg²⁺，阴离子平均含量总体为HCO^3->SO₄^2->Cl^-；从2013年开始，SO₄^2-逐渐增大，Ca²⁺逐渐减小；到2016年阳离子平均含量总体为Ca²⁺>K⁺+Na⁺>Mg²⁺，阴离子平均含量总体为HCO₃^->SO₄^2->Cl^-。水化学类型由2012年HCO₃—Ca·Mg（Ca·Na、Ca·Na·Mg）型向2016年HCO₃·SO₄—Ca·Na·Mg（Ca·Mg、Ca·Na）演化，这主要与含水介质的风化作用和蒸发浓缩作用有关，而蒸发浓缩作用更加体现在承压水区的上部潜水中。地下水中Na⁺、K⁺、Cl^-主要来自岩盐的溶解；Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺主要来自蒸发岩溶解；SO₄^2-主要来自石膏（CaSO₄·2H₂O）和芒硝（Na₂SO₄·10H₂O）的溶解。Cl^-、SO₄^2-除来自岩盐的溶解外，还受到人类活动的影响。     

石羊河流域中下游浅层地下水水化学特征及其成因

为系统研究石羊河流域中下游浅层地下水水化学特征及主要离子来源,于2018年6-8月采集地下水水化学样品62组。综合运用数理统计、Gibbs图、离子比例关系和水文地球化学模拟等方法,分析了石羊河流域中下游浅层地下水的水文地球化学特征,探讨了水化学演化过程及主要离子来源。结果表明:研究区浅层地下水在水平方向上呈现明显的水化学分带,从中游至下游地下水水化学类型由SO4·HCO3-Na·Ca型过渡为SO4·Cl-Na·Mg型,TDS含量也随之升高,流域中游为TDS含量小于1g/L的淡水,至下游演化为TDS含量高于1g/L的微咸水和咸水。该区浅层地下水水化学组分主要受水岩作用和蒸发浓缩作用控制,Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺主要来源于硅酸盐岩和碳酸盐岩的溶解,碳酸盐岩以白云石风化溶解为主,部分水样点存在方解石的风化溶解,阳离子交换作用是影响研究区地下水化学组分的重要过程。模拟结果表明沿地下水流向,地下水离子组分浓度呈递增趋势,岩盐、白云石和石膏发生溶解,方解石沉淀;从中游到下游地下水中阳离子交换作用越来越强烈,且阳离子交换作用强于溶解沉淀作用。     

Mass balance of saline lakes considering inflow loads of rivers and groundwater: the case of Lake Issyk- Kul,Central Asia

This study aimed to elucidate the influence of inflow water on the salinity concentration process of a saline lake and the mass balance of Lake Issyk-Kul, a tectonic saltwater lake in Kyrgyzstan. Based on the survey results and meteorological data from 2012 to 2015, we analyzed the dissolved chemical composition loads due to water inflow. Then, we discussed the relationship between the increase in salinity and water inflow into the lake. Through the water quality analysis data, we used the tank model to estimate the river inflow and analyze the loads by the L-Q curve. The groundwater loads were then estimated from the average annual increase in salinity of the lake over a period of 30 a. The results suggest that Lake Issyk-Kul was temporarily freshened between about AD 1500 and 1800 when an outflowing river existed, and thereafter, it became a closed lake in AD 1800 and continued to remain a saline lake until present. The chemical components that cause salinization are supplied from the rivers and groundwater in the catchment area, and when they flow into the lake, Ca²⁺, HCO₃^- and Mg²⁺ precipitate as CaCO₃ and MgCO₃. These compounds were confirmed to have been left on the lakeshore as evaporite. The model analysis showed that 1.67 mg/L of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ supplied from rivers and groundwater are precipitated as evaporite and in other forms per year. On the other hand, salinity continues to remain in the lake water at a rate of 27.5 mg/L per year. These are the main causes of increased salinity in Lake Issyk-Kul. Since Na⁺ and Cl^- are considered to be derived from geothermal water, they will continue to flow in regardless of the effects of human activities. Therefore, as long as these components are accumulated in Lake Issyk-Kul as a closed lake, the salinity will continue to increase in the future.     

沙漠腹地达理雅博依绿洲浅层地下水水化学特征分析

为了评价塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地达理雅博依绿洲地下水水化学特征与演化规律及对当地生态环境的影响。在研究区的生态井位观测点采集了19组地下水样品进行检测。综合运用数理统计、相关性分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型、Schoeller图和离子比等方法,分析地下水水化学特征和克里雅河尾闾绿洲的水化学演化规律。研究表明:研究区地下水阳离子以Na⁺、Mg⁺离子为主,阴离子以Cl^-、SO₄^2-,为主,Mg⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-表现为强变异性,K⁺、Ca⁺、Na⁺、HCO-3表现为中等变异;TDS介于1000mg/L-18620mg/L范围内,平均值为4366.408mg/L,矿化度较高;水化学类型以Cl^--Na⁺为主;地下水样品主要分布于Gibbs图的右上部分,表明研究区地下水主要受蒸发浓缩作用控制,岩石风化和大气降水影响较小;主要离子比表明碳酸盐、蒸发岩和硅酸盐是离子的主要来源,且处于沙漠腹地的独特地理因素,地下水中的离子交换作用较弱。     

新疆昌吉州东部平原区地下水水文地球化学演化分析

为探究新疆昌吉州东部平原区地下水水质演化过程,采用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图和离子比法对昌吉州东部平原区2016年63组地下水水质取样点及54组2012-2015年地下水水质监测数据进行分析。结果表明:昌吉州东部平原区2012年地下水阳离子平均含量总体为Ca^2+> K^++Na^+> Mg^2+,阴离子平均含量总体为HCO3-> SO42-> Cl^-;从2013年开始,SO42-逐渐增大,Ca^2+逐渐减小;到2016年阳离子平均含量总体为Ca^2+>K^++Na^+> Mg^2+,阴离子平均含量总体为HCO^3-> SO4^2-> Cl^-。水化学类型由2012年HCO3-Ca·Mg(Ca·Na、Ca·Na·Mg)型向2016年HCO3·SO4-Ca·Na·Mg(Ca·Mg、Ca·Na)演化,这主要与含水介质的风化作用和蒸发浓缩作用有关,而蒸发浓缩作用更加体现在承压水区的上部潜水中。地下水中Na^+、K^+、Cl^-主要来自岩盐的溶解;Ca^2+、Mg^2+主要来自蒸发岩溶解;SO4^2-主要来自石膏(CaSO4·2H2O)和芒硝(Na2SO4·10H2O)的溶解。Cl^-、SO^2-4除来自岩盐的溶解外,还受到人类活动的影响。     

Soil water repellency and influencing factors of Nitraria tangutorun nebkhas at different succession stages

Soil water repellency(WR) is an important physical characteristic of soil surface. It is capable of largely influencing the hydrological and geomorphological processes of soil, as well as affecting the ecological processes of plants, such as growth and seed germination, and has thus been a hot topic in recent research around the world. In this paper, the capillary rise method was used to study the soil WR characteristics of Nitraria tangutorun nebkhas. Soil water repellencies at different succession stages of Nitraria tangutorun were investigated, and the relationships between soil WR and soil organic matter, total N, and total P, soil texture, pH, and concentrations of CO3 2-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO4 2-, Na+, K+, Ca2+and Mg2+were discussed. Soil WR may be demonstrated at the following nebkhas dune evolvement stages: extremely degradeddegradedstabilizedwell developednewly developedquick sand. Apart from some soil at the bottom, the WR of other soils(crest and slope of dune) was found to be largest at the topsoil, and decreased as the soil depth increased. The results showed that multiple factors affected soil WR characteristics, e.g. WR increased significantly as the contents of soil organic matter and total N increased, but did not change as the total P content increased. Soil texture was a key factor affecting soil WR; soil WR increased significantly as clay content increased, and decreased significantly as sand content increased. Low pH was shown to be more suitable for the occurrence of soil WR. Four cations(Ca2+, Mg2+, K+and Na+) and two anions(Cl-and SO4 2-) enhanced soil WR, while CO3 2-decreased it. HCO3-did not show any observable effect. Finally, we established a best-fit general linear model(GLM) between soil-air-water contact angle(CA) and influencing factors(CA=5.606 sand+6.496(clay and silt)–2.353 pH+470.089 CO3 2-+11.346 Na+–407.707 Cl-–14.245 SO4 2-+0.734 total N–519.521). It was concluded that all soils contain subcritical WR(0°CA90°). The development and succession of Nitraria tangutorun nebkhas may improve the formation of soil subcritical WR. There exist significant relationships between soils subcritical WR and soil physical or chemical properties.     

Soil characteristics and plant distribution in saline wetlands of Oued Righ,northeastern Algerian Sahara

Saline wetlands are rare ecosystems in Saharan areas, which are important for conservation of many endemic and rare plant species. In this study, we investigated five saline wetland sites of the Oued Righ region, located in the northeastern Algeria, to determine the environmental factors controlling the composition and distribution of plant communities. We established a total of 20 transects to measure the vegetation parameters (density and cover) and soil characteristics (electrical conductivity, moisture, pH, CaSO₄, CaCO₃, organic matter, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, SO₄^2–, Cl^–, NO₃^– and HCO₃^–). A total of 17 plant species belonging to seven families were identified. The natural vegetation was composed of halophytic and hydro-halophytic plant communities, presented specially by the species of Amaranthaceae family. Soils in the studied wetlands were moist, gypsiferous, alkaline, salty to very salty with dominance of chloride and calcium. Results of the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that community structure and species distribution patterns of vegetation were mainly dependent on soil characteristics, mainly being soil salinity (CaSO₄, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Cl^–) and moisture. The distribution of plant species was found to follow a specific zonal pattern. Halocnemum strobilaceum was observed to grow in highly salt-affected soils, thus being the more salt-tolerant species. Phragmites communis plants were widely distributed in the study area with a high density at the edges of accumulated water body. Juncus maritimus, Tamarix gallica and Salicornia fructicosa grew in soils that are partially or completely flooded in winter. Suaeda fructicosa, Traganum nudatum, Arthrocnemum glaucum, Aeluropus littoralis, Cressa cretica and Cynodon dactylon were distributed in salty and moist soils away from the open water body. Plants of Zygophyllum album, Limonastrirum guyonianum, Cornulaca monacantha, Cistanche tinctoria, Mollugo nudicaulis and Sonchus maritimus were found in soils with less salty and moisture. They constituted the outermost belt of vegetation in the studied wetlands. This study will provide a reference on introducing the salt-tolerant plant species as a fodder resource in saline habitats and regenerating the degraded saline wetlands.     

Isotope implications of groundwater recharge,residence time and hydrogeochemical evolution of the Longdong Loess Basin,Northwest China

Groundwater plays a dominant role in the eco-environmental protection of arid and semi-arid regions.Understanding the sources and mechanisms of groundwater recharge,the interactions between groundwater and surface water and the hydrogeochemical evolution and transport processes of groundwater in the Longdong Loess Basin,Northwest China,is of importance for water resources management in this ecologically sensitive area.In this study,71 groundwater samples(mainly distributed at the Dongzhi Tableland and along the Malian River)and 8 surface water samples from the Malian River were collected,and analysis of the aquifer system and hydrological conditions,together with hydrogeochemical and isotopic techniques were used to investigate groundwater sources,residence time and their associated recharge processes.Results show that the middle and lower reaches of the Malian River receive water mainly from groundwater discharge on both sides of valley,while the source of the Malian River mainly comes from local precipitation.Groundwater of the Dongzhi Tableland is of a HCO3-Ca-Na type with low salinity.The reverse hydrogeochemical simulation suggests that the dissolution of carbonate minerals and cation exchange between Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺and Na+are the main water-rock interactions in the groundwater system of the Dongzhi Tableland.Theδ¹⁸O(from-11.70‰to-8.52‰)andδ2H(from-86.15‰to-65.75‰)values of groundwater are lower than the annual weighted average value of precipitation but closer to summer-autumn precipitation and soil water in the unsaturated zone,suggesting that possible recharge comes from the summer-autumn monsoonal heavy precipitation in the recent past(≤220 a).The corrected 14C ages of groundwater range from 3,000 to 25,000 a old,indicating that groundwater was mainly from precipitation during the humid and cold Late Pleistocene and Holocene periods.Groundwater flows deeper from the groundwater table and from the center to the east,south and west of the Dongzhi Tableland with estimated migration rate of 1.29-1.43 m/a.The oldest groundwater in the Quaternary Loess Aquifer in the Dongzhi Tableland is approximately 32,000 a old with poor renewability.Based on theδ¹⁸O temperature indicator of groundwater,we speculate that temperature of the Last Glacial Maximum in the Longdong Loess Basin was 2.4℃-6.0℃ colder than the present.The results could provide us the valuable information on groundwater recharge and evolution under thick loess layer,which would be significative for the scientific water resources management in semi-arid regions.     

Chemical characteristics of precipitation and the indicative significance for sand dust events in the northern and southern slopes of Wushaoling Mountain,northwestern China

Precipitation chemistry analysis is essential to evaluate the atmospheric environmental quality and identify the sources of atmospheric pollutants. In this study, we collected a total of 480 precipitation samples at 6 sampling sites in the northern and southern slopes of Wushaoling Mountain from May 2013 to July 2014 to analyze the chemical characteristics of precipitation and to identify the main sources of ions in precipitation. Furthermore, we also explored the indicative significance for sand dust events in the northern and southern slopes of Wushaoling Mountain based on the precipitation chemistry analysis.During the sampling period(from May 2013 to July 2014), the p H values, EC(electrical conductivity)values and concentrations of cations(Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+), Na~+, K~+ and NH_4~+) and anions(SO_4~(2–), NO_3~–, Cl~–, NO_2~– and F~–) in precipitation were different in the northern and southern slopes at daily and seasonal time scales, with most of the values being higher in the northern slope than in the southern slope. The chemical type of precipitation in the southern and northern slopes was the same, i.e.,SO_4~(2–)-Ca~(2+)-NO_3~–-Na~+. The concentrations of ions in precipitation were mainly controlled by terrigenous material and anthropogenic activities(with an exception of Cl~–). The concentration of Cl~– in precipitation was mainly controlled by the sea salt fraction. The concentrations of Na+ and Cl~– showed an increasing trend after the occurrence of sand dust events both in the northern and southern slopes. In addition, after the occurrence of sand dust events, the concentrations of K~+, Mg~(2+), SO_4~(2–), NO_3~– and Ca~(2+) showed an increasing trend in the southern slope and a decreasing trend in the northern slope. It is our hope that the results may be helpful to further understand the atmospheric pollution caused by sand dust events in the Wushaoling Mountain and can also provide a scientific basis for the effective prevention of atmospheric pollution.