同源乳酸菌对雏鸡生长性能和盲肠菌群的影响

选择1日龄从肉仔鸡90只,随机分成3组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡,公母各半.对照组饲喂基础目粮,饮用清水;抗生素组饲喂基础日粮+0.02%土霉素,饮用清水;乳酸茵组饲喂基础日粮,饮用清水+同源乳酸茵液[108CFU/(d·只)].试验期21 d.研究结果表明:同源乳酸菌的饲喂能够提高1～3周龄肉仔鸡的平均日增重,降低料肉比,差异显著(P<0.05);与抗生素组相比,添加同源乳酸菌能更好抑制盲肠内大肠杆茵的繁殖,增加乳酸茵的数量.     

三氯化铬对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体性能的影响

本试验研究日粮中添加三氯化铬(CrCl3)对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体性能的影响.选用144只1日龄体重均一、健康的艾维菌肉仔鸡,随机分成6组,每组设3个重复.试验期分别饲喂6种不同饲粮1组为对照组,喂基础日粮;2～6组为三氯化铬组,分别在基础日粮中添加0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 mg/kg三氯化铬.试验结果表明日粮中添加1.5～2.0mg/kg三氯化铬均能显著提高肉仔鸡增重(P＜0.05),显著改善肉仔鸡的饲料效率和胴体性状(P＜0.05).     

复合短链脂肪酸对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响及相关作用机制的探讨

试验旨在研究复合SCFAs对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响及其相关的作用机制。120只AA肉仔鸡随机分成2组(复合SCFAs添加组和对照组),每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加复合SCFAs组的肉仔鸡的体增重、耗料量、胰腺相对重量分别提高了4.4%、5.6%、16%(P<0.05),小肠淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶的活性分别提高了48.5%和37.3%(P<0.05),降低了十二指肠中大肠杆菌的数量(P<0.05)以及血清中葡萄糖和胰岛素的含量(P<0.05)。日粮中使用复合SCFAs可以提高肉仔鸡小肠消化酶活性,减少消化道中大肠杆菌的数量,改善肉仔鸡的生产性能。     

The effect of different dietary levels of maize germ meal on the performance of broiler chickens

In the first experiment chicks were given pelleted diets containing 0, 10, 25 or 50% maize germ meal from 1 day of age for 4 weeks; from 4 to 8 weeks of age the birds were given a common finisher diet. In the second experiment the maize germ meal was used in broiler finisher diets at levels of 0, 10, 20 or 30%. In the third experiment, the maize germ was incorporated in diets for the entire 8‐week period. It involved three levels of the maize germ (0, 10 or 20%) in the diets given during the rearing period and four levels (0, 10, 20 or 30 %) in the diets given from 4 to 8 weeks, the experiment having a 3 x 4 factorial design.

It is concluded that maize germ meal can successfully be included in broiler diets at levels up to 20% during the first 4 weeks and up to 30 % during the second 4 weeks.     

Anti-nutritive effect of wheat pentosans in broiler chickens: roles of viscosity and gut microflora.

1. The mechanism of the anti-nutritive activity of isolated wheat pentosans was investigated by examining the roles of digesta viscosity and gut microflora in broiler chickens. 2. Wheat pentosans were isolated by alkaline extraction and purified by sequential treatment with pancreatin, alpha-amylase and lichenase, and high-speed centrifugation. Some of the pentosans were depolymerised using a beta-xylanase, which reduced the relative viscosity of the polysaccharides 4 fold. 3. Inclusion of 35 g alkali-extractable pentosans (containing 854 g arabinoxylans/kg DM) per kg diet significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed broiler performance and the viscosity of the digesta of these birds was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than that of controls. Addition of the same amount of depolymerised pentosans had no significant effect on bird performance and had less effect on digesta viscosity. 4. Supplementation of the diet containing wheat pentosans (30 g/kg) with procaine penicillin (150 mg/kg) did not improve bird performance. 4. It is concluded that the wheat pentosans elicit their anti-nutritive activity predominantly through increasing the viscosity of digesta.     

Effects of fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance,gastrointestinal microflora population and small intestinal morphology in broiler chickens

1. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing dietary cottonseed meal (CSM) or fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) for soya bean meal (SBM) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, gastrointestinal microbial populations, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens.

2. CSM was fermented with Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and A. oryzae for 7 d. A total of 300 one-d-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were used in a 42-d experiment in which the birds were randomly allotted to one of 5 dietary treatments (containing 0%, 10% and 20% CSM or FCSM) in a completely randomised design. Birds were reared on litter floor and had free access to feed and water during the experiment.

3. Results indicated that the fermentation process significantly reduced crude fibre and free gossypol, while it increased crude protein content and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count in CSM.

4. The use of FCSM instead of CSM significantly improved growth performance of broilers. The abdominal fat yield in treatments containing FCSM was significantly lower than in the other treatments. The increase in the population of LAB in the crop and decrease in the population of coliforms in the ileum of birds fed on diets containing FCSM were more significant than in other birds. Villi in the duodenum and jejunum of the birds fed on diets containing FCSM were significantly higher than for the other experimental groups.

5. The positive effects of diets containing FCSM on growth performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens showed that this processed source of protein can serve as an appropriate alternative for SBM in diets for broiler chickens.     

The effects of benzoic acid supplementation on the performance of broiler chickens

To determine the efficiency of benzoic acid, a feeding experiment was carried out with 240 one‐day old ROSS 308 cockerels. Birds were divided into three dietary treatments: I (C) – no additives, II (B1) – 0.1% inclusion of benzoic acid, III (B2) – the inclusion of 0.2% benzoic acid. The performance results were similar in birds fed the control diet and the diet with 0.1% of benzoic acid. The dietary inclusion of benzoic acid at 0.2% depressed the growth of broiler chickens (p < 0.05). The dry matter of the digesta increased in the crop and caeca after benzoic acid supplementation. The pH of the caecal contents decreased following benzoic acid supplementation and was the lowest in the B2 group. No differences were found in the pH of the crop, ileal, gizzard digesta and rectum content. Lactic acid bacteria populations were the lowest in the caeca of the B1 group (p < 0.05). Coliform bacteria decreased in the caeca contents following increased benzoic acid supplementation.     

The effect of continuous ultraviolet irradiation on broiler chickens.

1.Continuous ultraviolet irradiation (10.45 muW/cm2) did not affect the growth or food conversion efficiency of broilers. 2. The cornea of the eye was roughened by the treatment and there was a loss of the regular arrangement of the corneal cells: vision was not significantly affected after 49 d exposure.     

The antimicrobial activity of lavender essential oil (Lavandula angustifolia) and its influence on the production performance of broiler chickens

The aim of the study was the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity (in vitro) of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil (LEO) and the effect of its addition to the drinking water of broiler chickens on their production performance. Antimicrobial activity was determined by establishing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using a series of microdilutions. Bird experiments were carried out on a commercial farm on 300 Ross 308 broilers. One‐day‐old chicks were randomly assigned to three experimental groups of 100 individuals (five replications of 20 individuals each). In the control group, chickens received drinking water without added essential oil throughout the rearing period. In the LEO_0.2 and LEO_0.4 groups, from 1 to 42 days of bird life, the LEO_0.2 group had 0.2 ml/L of essential lavender oil added to the drinking water, while LEO_0.4 had 0.4 ml/L added. The results of the experiment showed the antimicrobial activity of LEO and its positive effect on the production results of broiler chickens. Application of higher concentration of essential oil (0.4 ml/L) significantly affected production results (BW, FCR, WCR—p < .01). No differences were observed in FI, WI, F:W and mortality (p > .05). In vitro studies indicate a significant effect of LEO on the inhibition of microbial growth. These results encourage further studies on a larger scale that will confirm antimicrobial efficiency and define the mechanisms of action of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil and its individual components.     

The effect of date fibre supplemented with an exogenous enzyme on the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens

1. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of date fibre as a partial replacement of maize as a source of energy for growing broiler chicken. In experiment 1, date fibre was given alone to determine apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and crude fibre. 2. Date fibre had lower AME content (8.7 vs 13.6 MJ/kg) and apparent ileal digestibility coefficients for dry matter (0.35 vs 0.83), crude fibre (0.20 vs 0.54) and amino acids. 3. Based on the results of experiment 1, a growth study was conducted to test the effect of exogenous enzymes on the nutritive value of date fibre (experiment 2). 4. Three date fibre contents (5, 10 and 15%) with and without enzyme supplementation were evaluated. Daily feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured. At the end of experiment 2, 160 birds were randomly selected and slaughtered to evaluate carcase and meat quality traits as well as measuring ileal viscosity. 5. Substitution of maize by 10 and 15% date fibre significantly depressed AME. Enzyme supplementation did not improve crude fibre digestibility. The inclusion of date fibre in the diets except at 5% decreased average daily gains, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. 6. Addition of date fibre caused a significant increase in the weights of total digestive tract, pancreas and caecum. Addition of date fibre or the exogenous enzyme had no significant effect on carcase or meat quality characteristics. 7. Date fibre increased ileal digesta viscosity compared to the control. Addition of the exogenous enzyme decreased the viscosity of the basal diets but had no effect on the date fibre diets.8. This study indicated that date fibre can be included at levels of 5% in broiler diets without affecting performance.     

Effect of a potential probiotics Lactococcus garvieae B301 on the growth performance,immune parameters and caecum microflora of broiler chickens

In this study, a novel Lactococcus garvieae B301 was isolated from the intestinal tract of a healthy piglet. L. garvieae B301 was tolerant to acid pH, simulated gastric and small intestinal transit juices, indicating that it was capable of surviving in the gastrointestinal tract. L. garvieae B301 was safe and beneficial to broilers, as broiler chickens supplemented with L. garvieae B301 had lower diarrhoea incidence and mortality than the Control. Moreover, supplementation of broiler diets with L. garvieae B301 resulted in an increase in body weight and the number of caecum lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium spp., and decrease in feed‐to‐gain ratio and the number of caecum coliforms. It also had a positive effect on the thymus index and bursa of Fabricius index and enhanced serum levels of immune globulins. All these results showed that L. garvieae B301 could enhance the growth performance of broiler chickens and improve their health. Thus, L. garvieae B301 could be a promising feed additive for broiler chickens.     

The effect of conditioning temperature and exogenous xylanase addition on the viscosity of wheat-based diets and the performance of broiler chickens

1. A total of 1920 Ross broiler chicks were used in a 6 treatment by 8 replicate growth study to investigate the effect of conditioning temperature and exogenous xylanase addition on diet characteristics and bird performance. 2. Increasing conditioning temperature from 80 to 90 degrees C increased the viscosity of the diets by approximately 6 mPa.s and reduced body weight gain of the broiler chickens by 7%. 3. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between temperature and the addition of exogenous xylanase, with a proportionately greater positive response to added xylanase in the diets that were pelleted at higher temperatures. 4. Addition of exogenous xylanase also increased the proportion of soluble arabinoxylan in the feed and reduced dietary viscosity, which is likely to be related to the degree of polymerisation of the soluble carbohydrate. 5. These results suggest that conditioning temperature should be considered as a factor when attempting to predict the response of broilers to added xylanase, especially when high-viscosity or 'low-quality' wheat is being used. 6. It can be concluded that pelleting wheat-based diets above 80 degrees C can compromise bird performance and that, if higher temperatures are to be employed, the use of exogenous xylanase is critical to maintain productivity.     

Stability of dietary ascorbic acid and the effect of supplementation on reproductive performance of broiler breeder chickens

1. The purpose of the study was to determine the stability of dietary ascorbic acid and the reproductive responses of broiler breeder chickens to supplemental 75 mg ascorbic acid/kg diet. 2. Six breeder flocks of 13,000 birds each were studied. Egg production, eggshell porosity, fertility, hatchability and plasma ascorbic acid were measured. 3. Storage of the diets under dry heat resulted in a linear decrease in ascorbic acid content and the rate of decline was 5-fold higher in the supplemented diet. 4. Differences were not detected between treatments in egg production, egg weight, eggshell porosity, fertility, hatchability or plasma ascorbic acid. 5. The results did not provide evidence of a beneficial reproductive response to the inclusion of ascorbic acid in commercial broiler breeder diets.     

糖萜素在肉鸡日粮中替代土霉素钙的应用效果研究

试验旨在研究糖萜素替代传统抗生素——土霉素钙对肉鸡生长性能的影响。选用300只1日龄健康肉仔鸡,随机分3个处理组,每个处理组5个重复,每个重复20只鸡,分别饲喂3种日粮:对照组,基础日粮;土霉素钙组,基础日粮+50 mg/kg土霉素钙(有效成分计);糖萜素组,基础日粮+300 mg/kg糖萜素。试验期42 d。试验结果表明:肉鸡日粮中添加糖萜素和土霉素钙,21日龄体重和42日龄平均体重,糖萜素组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),较对照组分别提高了4.01%和3.72%;较土霉素钙组分别提高了1.64%和2.31%,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。土霉素钙组较对照组分别提高了2.33%和1.36%,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。就平均日增重而言,试验全期糖萜素组的平均日增重较对照组显著提高了3.81%(P<0.05),土霉素钙组的平均日增重较对照组提高了1.45%,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。就料重比而言,在0~3周,土霉素钙组和糖萜素组较对照组均有降低趋势(P>0.05),而在4~6周土霉素钙组和糖萜素组较对照组有升高趋势(P>0.05)。就平均日采食量而言,试验全期糖萜素组和土霉素钙组较对照组分别显著提高了4.54%和5.04%(P<0.05)。由此可见,日粮添加糖萜素可以显著提高肉鸡增重(P<0.05),改善肉鸡的生长性能,可以考虑作为传统抗生素——土霉素钙的替代品。     

高含量共轭亚油酸豆油在肉鸡生产中的应用

本试验选择1800羽艾维茵(AA)肉鸡,随机分为2个处理,每处理3个重复,每重复300羽鸡,以研究在日粮中添加2.0%豆油和2.0%高含量共轭亚油酸豆油对AA肉鸡生产性能及饲养效益的影响,目的是验证自行研制的高含量CLA豆油在肉鸡中的作用效果及在肉鸡生产中应用的可行性,试验期为49d。结果表明:试验组日增重、育成率和毛利润等指标分别比对照组提高了10.1%、12.83%和36.36%,料肉比却降低了11.79%。表明在肉鸡饲料中添加高含量CLA豆油饲喂肉鸡,具有促进生长、增强抗病力、提高育成率和经济效益的积极作用。     

保尔福对肉仔鸡生长、微生物菌群及免疫功能的影响

随着我国畜牧业集约化程度的提高和饲料工业的发展,抗生素、化学合成药物和类固醇激素,如促长素、驱虫剂、激素、调味剂、改良剂、色素剂、防腐剂等饲料添加剂也随之普遍使用。这些物质可在畜产品中残留,给人类健康带来严重危害。近些年来,很多国家都兴起了替代抗生素的饲料添加剂研究,都在寻找能够替代抗生素的饲料添加剂。众所周知,巨噬细胞在免疫系统起重要作用,激活的巨噬细胞在机体对抗外来细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫的防御机制中作用显著,并已证明巨噬细胞具有抗肿瘤的功能。此外,巨噬细胞可以通过直接作用或间接通过所分泌的各种可溶…