太湖鹅生长和屠宰性能以及肉品质的分析

以国家水禽种质资源基因库引进的太湖鹅为素材,对其生长、生产性能和肉品质进行研究。结果表明:7周龄前,太湖鹅体重在性别间无显著差异,7周龄后公鹅的体重显著高于母鹅的体重;公鹅的宰前活重、屠宰重、半净膛重、全净膛重、肝重、心重显著高于母鹅;母鹅胸肌嫩度显著低于公鹅,其他指标在性别间无显著差异。体重与体尺、屠宰性能、肉品质多数指标存在极显著的正相关。     

不同能量水平日粮添加抗氧化剂对生长猪生长性能及肉质的影响

文章旨在研究不同能量水平日粮添加抗氧化剂对仔猪生长性能和肉质的影响。试验选择360头体重一致的仔猪(杜洛克和长白各半),随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复20头猪。试验共设计6种日粮,其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组分别在日粮中添加100、0、200、200和200 g/kg草粉,其中最后两个处理组分别添加200 mg/kgα-生育酚和儿茶素。试验由断奶开展到出栏。杜洛克猪肌肉pH45min显著高于长白猪(P <0.05),与对照组相比,处理1组和处理3组显著降低背膘深度(P <0.05)。杜洛克猪较长白猪显著提高了肌间脂肪和灰分含量(P <0.05),而长白猪较杜洛克猪显著提高了肌肉水分含量(P <0.05),处理5组较处理2组显著提高了肌肉灰分含量(P <0.05)。杜洛克猪较长白猪显著提高了肌肉C16:1和C18:1含量(P <0.05)。饲喂处理2和5组日粮的长白猪较对照组显著降低了肌肉MDA含量(P <0.05)。综上所述:日粮添加抗氧化及限饲提高长白猪肌肉瘦肉率和多不饱和脂肪酸含量。低能日粮可以改善背膘厚度和肌间脂肪水平,同时增加肌肉的氧化稳定性。     

壳聚糖对天山雪鹅屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究壳聚糖对天山雪鹅屠宰性能及肉品质的影响,选用健康1日龄天山雪鹅100只,随机分为5组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂基础日粮中添加100、200、300g/t和400g/t壳聚糖的试验组日粮,试验期42d。结果表明:日粮中添加不同水平的壳聚糖可显著降低天山雪鹅屠体脂肪含量(P0.05);但对其他屠宰性能无显著影响(P0.05);鹅肉的pH和干物质含量无显著变化(P0.05),但粗蛋白质含量有所增加,脂肪含量有所下降。     

二氢吡啶对猪生长发育和肉质性能影响的研究

二氢吡啶 (Diludin)的化学名称为 2、6 -二甲基 - 3、5 -二乙酯基 - 1、4 -二氢吡啶 ,具有抗氧化、提高畜禽生产性能等多种作用 ,是一种良好的饲料添加剂 ,目前已广泛应用到畜禽生产中。我国利用二氢吡啶的研究主要集中在家禽上 ,二氢吡啶对猪生长发育的研究较少 ,对猪肉质影响的报道更少 ,为进一步探讨猪饲料中二氢吡啶的最佳添加浓度和对肉质的影响 ,进行了本次试验。1　材料和方法1 1　二氢吡啶　由北京桑普生物化学技术有限公司提供。1 2　地点和试验期　本研究在江西某猪场进行 ,试验期为 1 0 0d。1 3　试猪及分组　试验选择体重、…     

Effects of yeast selenium supplementation on the growth performance, meat quality, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of goose

The aim was to investigate the effects of yeast selenium (YS) supplementation on the growth performance, meat quality, immunity, and antioxidant variables of geese. A total of 96 one-day-old geese with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates per group and eight geese in each replicate. The birds were fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50 mg/kg YS (on selenium basis) during the 63-day experiment. Yeast selenium supplementation showed no effect on the growth performance of geese, but significantly improved the meat quality. No changes in ash or fat content were observed in breast muscle, but significant (p < 0.05) protein content increase was detected in the 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg groups. Yeast selenium supplementation significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) promoted Se deposition in liver, kidney, pancreas, and muscle and the highest increases were all detected in the 0.5 mg/kg group. Yeast selenium supplementation enhanced the organ and cellular immunity of geese, but did not alter the humoral immunity. Furthermore, dietary YS significantly (p < 0.05) promoted the antioxidant capacity of both muscle and liver, but the effects varied with YS levels and organs. Hence, dietary YS supplementation was a good measure to improve the meat quality, Se content, immunity function, and antioxidant capacity of goose.     

饲喂高含量花青素-3-糖苷的黑米糠对猪营养物质消化率、血液成分、生长性能和肉质的影响

两个试验用来评定饲喂富含花青素-3-糖苷（C3G）的黑米糠对猪营养物质消化率、血液成分、生长性能和肉质的影响。试验1,15头猪随机分为5个组,每组3个重复．做营养消化率和血液成分的试验。各试验组间血清中总胆固醇,甘油三酸酯．高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量基本无显著性差异。但是．试验结束时．C3G组总胆固醇的量有降低趋势．与饲喂褐色米糠组相比．C3G组总胆固醇的量显著降低（P〈0．03）。在日粮中提高黑米糠含量．血清中胆固醇含量会降低。各试验组中．谷草转氨酶（GOT）和谷丙转氨酶（GPT）含量无显著差异,CRB-4组GOT含量最低。试验2,16头肥育猪（平均体重89．96±0．35kg）随机分为4组．检测饲喂高C3G黑米糠对猪生长性能和肉质的影响。各组的平均日增重、平均日采食量、饲料转化率差异不显著,C3G组平均日增重有所降低。采食量无变化．饲料转化率低于对照组。各组间体重、胴体重、屠宰率、背膘厚、肉质等级无显著差异。但是,与对照组相比,C3G组的背膘厚有降低的趋势。总之。各组间营养物质消化率、血液成分、生长性能和肉质差异不显著,但是,高C3G黑米糠可能有降低血清中总胆固醇的作用．这可能与高C3G黑米糠中高含量的抗氧化物质的影响有关。     

反季节繁殖技术对四川白鹅生长发育规律及肉质的影响

为了探讨反季节繁殖技术对四川白鹅生长发育的影响,试验选择相同日龄的四川白鹅,随机分成2组(反季节繁殖处理组和对照组),分别测定其平均增重、剪切力、失水率和肌苷酸。结果表明:与对照组相比反季节繁殖处理组,平均增重、剪切力、失水率和肌苷酸差异不显著(P>0.05),即反季节繁殖技术不会改变四川白鹅生长发育规律及肉质。     

芽孢杆菌对育肥猪生长性能和肉品质的影响

试验选择平均体重为(23.5±0.89)kg的三元商品猪75头用于评估日粮添加芽孢杆菌对生长育肥猪生长性能和肉品质的影响。共分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复5头猪。对照组饲喂两阶段(生长和育肥期)基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.015%和0.03%的芽孢杆菌。试验开展16周。结果:试验全期(0~16周)日增重和增重耗料比表现为显著线性升高(P<0.05);6周肥猪干物质消化率随日粮芽孢杆菌添加水平的升高显著线性升高(P<0.05)。0.03%芽孢杆菌组显著提高了6和16周血液葡萄糖水平(P<0.05);日粮芽孢杆菌添加水平显著线性提高16周肥猪粪中乳酸杆菌和大肠杆菌含量(P<0.05)。日粮芽孢杆菌添加水平显著线性提高了第3天猪肉感官指标、滴水损失和屠体重(P<0.05)。因此,利用芽孢杆菌作为益生菌添加到饲料中可以提高生长肥育猪的生长性能和胴体质量。     

膨化全脂大豆对仔猪生产性能和养分消化率的影响

根据遗传、性别、体质量等相一致的原则,将30头35日龄断奶的杜洛克仔猪随机分为3组,每组设2个重复,研究膨化全脂大豆对仔猪生产性能和饲粮养分消化率的影响。对照组以玉米豆粕等配制饲粮,试验1组以膨化全脂大豆替代50%的豆粕,试验2组以膨化全脂大豆替代全部豆粕,其他饲粮组成保持不变,进行40d的饲养试验。在试验第20天开始,连续收集粪便3d,测定饲粮养分消化率。结果表明,试验1组日增重比对照组提高了17.6%,差异显著(P<0.05),试验2组比对照组提高了7.4%(P>0.05);试验1组和试验2组饲料利用率分别比对照组提高11.7%和7.6%。试验2组干物质消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),蛋白质的消化率3组基本接近,但含有膨化大豆的试验1组和试验2组的粗脂肪和粗灰分的消化率均比对照组有提高趋势。     

膨化血粉对4~8周龄扬州白鹅生长性能和肉品质的影响

试验选取健康、活泼的4周龄扬州白鹅300只(公母各半),按照体重相近的原则随机分为3组(分别在基础日粮中添加1.5%、3.0%和4.5%的膨化血粉),互为对照,每组设4个重复,每个重复25只鹅,进行为期28 d的饲养试验,用于研究不同水平膨化血粉对生长期(4~8周龄)扬州白鹅的生长性能和肌肉品质的影响。试验结果表明:与3.0%膨化血粉组相比,1.5%膨化血粉组与4.5%膨化血粉组的料重比分别提高了3.92%(P<0.05)与6.34%(P<0.05);平均日增重分别降低了8.14%(P<0.05)与12.40%(P<0.05);腿肌中干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量显著下降(P<0.05);肌肉组织中氨基酸含量均有所下降(P<0.05)。     

Effects of crude glycerin supplementation on performance and meat quality of Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets

Forty-eight bulls (335 +/- 8.6 kg of initial BW) were randomly assigned to 4 glycerin levels (0, 4, 8, and 12% of concentrate DM) with the objective of evaluating the effects of glycerin supplementation on performance, ruminal fermentation, metabolism, and carcass and meat quality in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Concentrates were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric (assuming a glycerin ME content of 3.47 Mcal/kg of DM). Concentrate and straw were fed for ad libitum intake. Bull BW and feed consumption were recorded monthly. Additionally, rumen and blood samples were collected every month. Bulls were slaughtered after 91 d of study (460 +/- 11 kg of final BW). Hot carcass weight, carcass backfat, and conformation were recorded. The area, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and intramuscular fat content of LM were determined. Glycerin level did not affect daily concentrate intake (6.89 +/- 0.34 kg/d of DM), straw intake (1.38 +/- 0.069 kg/d of DM), total DMI (8.27 +/- 0.32 kg/d of DM), ADG (1.36 +/- 0.087 kg/d), or G:F (0.17 +/- 0.009). Similarly, rumen molar proportions of propionic, acetic, and butyric acids, and rumen liquid osmolality were unaffected by treatment. However, a decreased rumen pH (P < 0.05), and greater rumen total VFA concentration (P = 0.09), serum insulin concentration (P < 0.05), and insulin to glucose ratio (P < 0.05) were observed in bulls fed 8% glycerin in concentrate compared with those receiving 0, 4, or 12%. No changes were observed in carcass and meat quality. The ME content of glycerin (86% glycerol) can be assumed to be 3.47 Mcal/kg of DM in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. In addition, feeding concentrate containing up to 12.1% of glycerin does not lead to detrimental effects on performance, ruminal fermentation, metabolism, and carcass and meat quality variables.     

微生物发酵饲料对育肥猪生长性能及肉质的影响

为了研究乳酸菌发酵饲料对育肥猪生长性能、肉品质的影响及其机理,选择体重约80 kg的杜×长×大三元杂交生长育肥猪320头,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组8个重复,每个重复20头猪,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲粮中5%的原料经乳酸菌发酵处理后再与其他原料混合;试验预试期3 d,正试期4周,在第4周结束时,每组随机抽取6头猪进行屠宰,测定屠宰性能和肉质。结果显示:与对照组相比,饲喂发酵饲料对肥育猪的干物质采食量、平均日增重和料重影响差异不显著(P0.05),猪血清中的生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子-I水平组间差异也不显著(P=0.11);试验组育肥猪的背最长肌pH_(45 min)和肉色评分显著增加(P0.05),背最长肌肉剪切力显著降低(P0.05);试验组血清谷胱甘肽还原酶活性有升高趋势(P=0.08)。结果表明:肥育猪饲料中添加5%发酵饲料原料可改善猪肉品质。     

姜黄素对肉鸡生产性能及肉品质的影响

将120只1日龄肉仔鸡随机分成4组,每组30只,后3组(试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组)分别喂添加150、200、250mg/kg姜黄素的日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮。试验期6周。研究结果表明:在肉仔鸡日粮中添加适量姜黄素能提高肉仔鸡活重、全净膛重、屠宰率及胸肌、腿肌的增重,降低料肉比,并且添加适量姜黄素能显著降低肉鸡腹脂、肝脂沉积。提高了生产性能和改善了鸡肉品质,在3个试验组中,综合效果以添加姜黄素200mg/kg组最好。     

有机铬添加剂对猪生产性能和肉质的影响

长期以来,高瘦肉率、高生长速度一直是猪育种选育追求的主要目标。但随着人们生活水平的提高,消费者不仅注重瘦肉率,也注重猪肉品质。在养猪生产实践中,人们常在猪饲粮中添加某些添加剂来改善猪肉品质。近年来,国内兴起使用有机铬的热潮。一些研究表明,在猪饲粮添     

虾青素复合添加剂对肉鸡生长性能及肉质的影响

旨在研究饲粮中添加虾青素复合添加剂对肉鸡生长性能及鸡肉品质的影响。选用1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡500只,随机分为4组,每组设5个重复,每个重复25只鸡,其中:Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ~Ⅳ组为试验组,分别添加虾青素复合添加剂0、0.5%、1%和1.5%,试验期42 d。结果:试验Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组的平均日增重、饲料转化率显著高于对照组(P0.05),而Ⅲ和Ⅳ组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。各试验组与对照组相比,肌肉亮度(L*)、红度(a*)显著提高(P0.05),黄度(b*)、滴水损失率、蒸煮损失率和剪切力差异不显著(P0.05),Ⅲ和Ⅳ组p H24h值下降速度显著降低(P0.05)。结果提示,肉鸡饲粮中添加虾青素复合添加剂可以提高其生长性能和改善鸡肉品质,添加量以1%为宜。     

牛至草粉对肉鸭生长性能、抗氧化、肉品质及经济效益的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加牛至草粉对1～42 d肉鸭生长性能、抗氧化和肉品质的影响.试验选择1日龄、平均体重为(48.63±0.06)g的商品肉鸭560只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复26只.对照组肉鸭饲喂基础日粮,处理1组肉鸭饲喂基础日粮+50 mg/kg抗菌肽,处理2组和处理3组分别饲喂基础日粮+20和40 mg...     

Influence of steam-peeled potato-processing waste inclusion level in beef finishing diets: effects on digestion, feedlot performance, and meat quality

Inclusion of potato-processing waste (PW) from the frozen potato products industry in high-grain beef cattle finishing diets was evaluated in two studies. In a randomized complete block design, 125 crossbred yearling heifers (365 +/- 0.3 kg initial BW; five pens per treatment; five heifers per pen) were used to evaluate PW level on feedlot performance and meat quality. Heifers were fed for 85 (two blocks) or 104 d (three blocks). In a digestion study, four ruminally, duodenally, and ileally cannulated Holstein steers (474.7 +/- 26.6 kg initial BW) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to evaluate effects of PW level on ruminal fermentation, site of digestion, and microbial protein synthesis. The control diet for both studies contained 80% corn, 10% alfalfa hay, 5% concentrated separator by-product (CSB), and 5% supplement (DM basis). Potato waste replaced corn and separator by-product (DM basis) in the diet at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% in the feedlot study, and at 0, 13, 27, and 40% in the digestion study. In the feedlot study, DMI decreased (linear; P = 0.007) with increasing inclusion of PW. Increasing PW decreased ADG and feed efficiency from 0 to 30% and then increased at 40% (quadratic; P < 0.01). Calculated dietary NEg concentrations did not differ among treatments (P = 0.18). Hot carcass weight decreased as PW increased from 0 to 30% and then increased at 40% PW (cubic; P < 0.01). Fat thickness and longissimus muscle area decreased with increasing PW (linear; P < 0.05). Level of PW did not affect marbling or liver scores (P > 0.30). No difference (P > 0.20) was observed for Warner-Bratzler shear force at 0, 10, 20, and 30% PW levels; however, 40% PW resulted in lower (P = 0.05) shear force values. Taste panel scores for juiciness and flavor intensity did not differ with increasing PW (P > 0.30). Steaks from cattle fed 0% were scored less tender than 10 and 40% PW (cubic; P < 0.05). In the digestion study, DMI decreased (quadratic; P < 0.01) with increasing PW. Ruminal pH and total VFA concentration increased (linear; P < 0.05) and true N disappearance from the stomach complex and apparent total-tract N disappearance decreased with increasing level of PW (linear; P < 0.01). Starch intake and ruminal disappearance decreased with increasing level of PW (quadratic; P < 0.05). Inclusion of PW decreased feedlot performance, with little effect on carcass characteristics or meat quality. Optimal inclusion of PW in finishing diets may depend on the cost of transportation and other dietary ingredients.     

米糠和抗氧化剂对肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

为研究米糠和不同抗氧化剂对肥育猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响,试验分为饲养试验和屠宰试验,饲养试验选择体重(49.72±4.28)kg的肥育猪64头,随机分为4个处理组,分别饲喂4种不同的饲粮即(Ⅰ组)玉米-豆粕型饲粮;(Ⅱ组)含15%米糠的饲粮;(Ⅲ组)Ⅱ组+200mg/kgVE;(Ⅳ组)Ⅱ组+200mg/kg抗氧化剂。试验猪75kg左右时屠宰。结果显示:日增重Ⅱ组极显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.01),Ⅲ组显著低于Ⅳ组(0.01相似文献   

糖萜素对瓯江彩鲤生长性能和肉质影响研究

试验选择体重(95±2.0)g瓯江彩鲤108尾,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复12尾鱼。各组分别在日粮中添加0、100、400mg/kg糖萜素,进行为期8周饲养试验。研究日粮中添加糖萜素对瓯江彩鲤生长性能和肉质的影响。结果表明:饲料中添加100mg/kg糖萜素组增重率显著高于0mg/kg和400mg/kg糖萜素组(P<0.05),不同试验组饵料系数和肌肉中水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

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