Effect of dietary digestible lysine concentration on performance,egg quality,and blood metabolites in laying hens

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary digestible lysine concentration on productive performance, egg quality, and blood metabolites in laying hens. A completely randomized block design was performed with 5 treatments and 6 replicates of 8 Hy-line W-36 hens each, from 32 to 44 wk of age. The treatments were 5 digestible lysine concentrations (0.657, 0.707, 0.757, 0.807, and 0.857% of diet). Feed intake was significantly increased with each increment in dietary digestible lysine concentration. Significant improvement in egg production, egg weight, egg mass, Haugh unit, and FCR were observed by an increase in lysine intake. Dietary lysine concentration did not have a significant impact on percentage of egg components, specific gravity, eggshell thickness, DM, and protein constituents of eggs. Dietary digestible lysine concentration did not have a significant effect on triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid, and total protein in plasma. The digestible lysine requirements for optimal egg production, egg mass, and egg weight (32 to 44 wk of age), based on the linear broken-line regression analysis, were 814, 810 and 778 (mg/b/d), respectively. Whereas, these values were 4, 3.9, and 6 percent less than those estimated by the quadratic broken-line model, respectively.     

甪里艾叶粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能与蛋品质的影响

为了研究甪里艾叶粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能与蛋品质的影响,试验选用50周龄健康状况良好、生产性能相近的海兰褐蛋鸡288只,随机分为四组,一个对照组,三个试验组,各组甪里艾叶粉分别添加0、1%、2%、3%,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡,预试期为7 d,试验时间为42 d。结果显示:(1)甪里艾叶粉对产蛋性能的影响:试验各组的平均日产蛋重均高于对照组(P0.05),分别提高了2.62%、3.58%、2.41%;随着艾叶粉添加量的增加,平均日采食量显著减少(P0.05),分别减少了2.76%、3.29%、3.62%;试验各组料重比均显著低于对照组(P0.05),分别降低了5.10%、6.63%、5.61%;随着甪里艾叶粉添加量的增加,产蛋率分别提高了2.85%(P0.05)、3.99%(P0.01)、5.93%(P0.01)。试验各组的蛋重与对照组均无显著差异(P0.05)。(2)甪里艾叶粉对蛋品质的影响:甪里艾叶粉可显著提高蛋的比重(P0.05),其中添加量为2%时差异极显著(P0.01)。各组间的蛋形指数、哈氏单位、蛋黄颜色差异均不显著(P0.05)。但试验各组的蛋白高度分别提高了8.92%(P0.05)、11.29%(P0.05)、10.21%(P0.05),哈氏单位则相应提高了4.51%、5.67%、5.69%。各组间的蛋壳指标差异不显著(P0.05)。试验各组的蛋白比率、蛋黄比率差异不显著(P0.05),随着甪里艾叶粉添加量的增加,蛋壳比率逐渐降低,其中添加2%和3%的甪里艾叶粉可显著降低蛋壳比率(P0.05)。甪里艾叶粉可以改善海兰褐蛋鸡的产蛋性能,蛋的比重和蛋白高度显著提高,蛋壳比率呈降低的趋势。     

维生素E对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

文章旨在研究日粮中不同梯度维生素E添加水平对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响.试验选择60周龄罗曼白壳商品蛋鸡300羽,试验随机分为5组,添加水平分别为0(对照组),30、60、120、240 mg/kg,每组6个重复,每个重复10羽鸡,预试期1周,正试期8周.结果表明:与对照组相比,蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 m...     

不同硒水平对蛋鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响

硒作为一种动物机体必需的微量元素,在饲料配合中已被广泛应用,经过大量研究表明,微量元素在增强家禽的免疫机能,提高繁殖性能和维持正常的生长发育等方面有一定的作用。家禽饲粮中补加硒后,仔禽生长速度、饲料转化率、产蛋率和孵化率均得到提高。巩元芳等(1998)报道,在蛋鸡低硒(0.015mg/kg)饲粮中补加0.1mg/kg硒使产蛋率提高到75%以上;倪可德等(1994)研究表明,给含0.015～0.030mg/kg硒的母鸡饲料中添加0.1mg/kg硒,可提高产蛋率,改善孵化率和增加雏禽的生活力,并能预防渗出性素质症。Oishi(1987)报道,蛋鸡饲粮中硒浓度由0.06mg/kg增加到0.2…     

棕榈粕对粉壳蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质量的影响

试验选用215日龄罗曼粉蛋鸡540只,研究添加不同水平棕榈粕对产蛋性能和蛋品质量的影响。试验共设3个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复36只鸡,随机饲喂添加两个水平棕榈粕（3.75%和5%）的日粮和未添加棕榈粕的商品蛋鸡饲料。试验结果经统计分析表明：各处理组在日采食量、产蛋率、平均蛋重、料蛋比、蛋壳强度和哈夫单位等方面差异不明显,说明蛋鸡日粮中添加棕榈粕3.75%和5%,对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质量未产生显著影响。     

Effect of yeast with bacteriocin from rumen bacteria on laying performance,blood biochemistry,faecal microbiota and egg quality of laying hens

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of yeast with bacteriocin from Ruminococcus albus 7 (albusin B) on physiological state and production performance of laying hens. One hundred and twenty 26‐week‐old Single Comb White Leghorn (Hyline) laying hens were assigned into five groups including: (i) control group, (ii) yeast control (YC), (iii) 0.125% yeast with bacteriocin (0.125B), (iv) 0.25% yeast with bacteriocin (0.25B) and (v) 0.5% yeast with bacteriocin (0.5B). All supplements were added to the experimental diets of the hens from 26 to 46 weeks of age. Samples were collected every 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected from the wing vein for blood biochemical parameters assay, and faecal samples were collected by swab for the microbiota test. The egg production performance was recorded daily, and fresh eggs were collected for quality test. The blood biochemical assay results indicated that the addition of yeast with bacteriocin decreased the AST (aspartate aminotransferase) activity and it also affects the lactate concentration in laying hen blood. The result of egg quality indicated that yeast with bacteriocin supplementation had no effect on the mass of yolk and the strength of eggshell, but it had positive effect on the laying performance under hot environment. Low concentration bacteriocin (0.125B) supplementation could decrease total yolk cholesterol. The faecal microbiota result indicated that the supplementation of bacteriocin increased the lactobacilli counts. The yeast with bacteriocin supplementation significantly decreased the clostridia counts under hot environment condition, especially in hens receiving 0.25B. Combining the data from clinic chemistry, faecal microbiota, egg production and egg quality, the 0.25B supplementation may result in the best physiological parameter and egg production performance of laying hen.     

复合微生态制剂对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标和肠道形态的影响

试验在基础饲粮中添加由丁酸梭菌和屎肠球菌组成的复合微生态制剂,研究其对产蛋高峰期蛋鸡的产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标、肠道形态的影响.选取产蛋率和体重接近的40周龄健康的海兰褐蛋鸡400只,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只鸡.对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加200 g/t金霉素,试验1组、2组...     

优质蛋白玉米对产蛋鸡生产性能及鸡蛋品质的影响

国外培育的优质蛋白玉米通过大鼠（Mertz，1965；Sproule等，1988），猪（Knabe等，1992；Okai等，1994），肉鸡和蛋雏鸡（Liu等，1993；Osei等，1994）的试验已被证明营养价值优于普通玉米。而国内培育的优质蛋白玉米总能和代谢能与普通玉米相近；氨基酸组成发生了变化，尤其是赖氨酸、色氨酸等含量高于普通玉米所有氨基酸消化率不低于普通玉米。但是其在产蛋鸡上应用的研究还未见报道。为此，进行本次试验，研究优质蛋白玉米（中单9409）在产蛋鸡上应用的效果，为优质蛋白玉米的推广应用提供依据。     

Effects of phenyllactic acid on production performance,egg quality parameters,and blood characteristics in laying hens

Organic acids have been widely used as feed additives to replace antibiotics in livestock feeds. Data on the use of phenyllactic acid (PLA) are lacking. The effects of PLA on production performance, egg quality parameters, and blood characteristics in laying hens were studied in a 35-d experiment. A total of 240 ISA Brown 36-wk-old layers were divided into the following 4 treatments: 1) control (basal diet), 2) control + 0.1% PLA, 3) control + 0.2% PLA, and 4) control + 0.3% PLA. Although supplementing the diet with PLA did not affect ADFI and FE, it linearly improved egg production rate, eggshell breaking strength, and Haugh units. Egg weight, eggshell thickness, and egg yolk color were not significantly altered by supplementing the diet with PLA. White blood cell, red blood cell, total protein, and albumin concentrations were higher in the control + 0.1% PLA and control treatment groups (P < 0.05), whereas the groups fed the control + 0.2% PLA and control + 0.3% PLA diets had greater (P < 0.05) lymphocyte concentrations. In conclusion, PLA may exert some positive effects to the immune system and egg production over the short term. It may be beneficial to supplement the diets of laying hens with PLA in the absence of antibiotics. This experiment involved a small experimental sample and a short time, so the beneficial effects of PLA should be studied further in commercial farms over the long term.     

日粮中添加铜对产蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

本试验选择五水硫酸铜作为饲料添加的铜源,以产蛋高峰期的海兰褐壳蛋鸡为试验动物,研究日粮中添加60mg/kg的铜对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质的影响。试验选取40周龄的海兰褐壳蛋鸡104只,设两个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复13只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮 硫酸铜52mg/kg。试验结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验组能够提高产蛋鸡的各项生产性能,日产蛋重、产蛋率、料蛋比、日采食量均有上升趋势(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组的蛋形指数差异不显著(P>0.05),蛋壳厚度变厚(P>0.05),蛋白、蛋黄重以及蛋白蛋黄的比值差异不显著(P>0.05),破软蛋率下降(P>0.05)。     

茶皂素对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和养分利用率的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平茶皂素对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和养分利用率的影响.选取600只40周龄健康的海兰褐商品蛋鸡,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复25只鸡.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加100、200、300 mg/kg的茶皂素.预试期7d,正式试验期56 d.结果表明:与对照组相比,100、...     

Effects of Chinese herbal mixture on performance,egg quality and blood biochemical parameters of laying hens

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Chinese herbal mixture (CHM) in laying hen diets on performance, egg quality and egg nutrition components, as well as selected blood biochemical parameters. A total of 270 Lohmann Brown laying hens, 24 week of age, were randomly distributed into three dietary treatments and fed for 6 week. The CHM was used at the levels of 0%, 0.5% and 1.0% in the diets of the control and two treatment groups respectively. Each dietary treatment was divided into five replicates, comprising of 18 hens each. Hens were housed in a 3‐tier battery system. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Blood samples and eggs were collected at the end of the experiment. The results showed that dietary treatments did not affect egg weight, mortality, eggshell thickness, albumen height, Haugh units, eggshell‐breaking strength and egg‐shape index. Dietary supplementation of CHM significantly improved (p < 0.05) laying rate and the lowest feed conversion ratio were observed with 1.0% CHM supplementation diets. CHM supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) cracked‐egg rate, egg yolk cholesterol, blood serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and increased blood serum levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C). No differences in serum total protein, serum albumen, serum glucose and aspartate amino transferase (AST) were observed in hens fed CHM. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with CHM improved egg production and egg quality and reduced serum cholesterol concentrations in laying hens. Dietary supplementation of 1.0% CHM in layer diets may be a feasible means of producing eggs with lower cholesterol and higher egg yolk phospholipid contents for health conscious consumers.     

Effect of expanded cottonseed meal on laying performance,egg quality,concentrations of free gossypol in tissue,serum and egg of laying hens

Three hundred and sixty Hy‐Line Brown hens, 40 week of age, were allocated to five treatments, each of which included four replicates of 18 hens. After an expanded process of cottonseed meal (CSM), free gossypol content in CSM was decreased from 1.24 to 0.40 g/kg. The dietary treatments were corn‐soybean meal based diets including 6% CSM and 6%, 8% and 10% expanded cottonseed meal (ECSM). Hens fed 8% ECSM had higher (P < 0.05) laying rate and average egg weight than those fed 6% CSM. The albumen height and Haugh unit in the control group, 6% and 8% ECSM groups were superior (P < 0.05) to other treatments. Hens fed 6% CSM resulted in severe (P < 0.05) egg yolk discoloration. Free gossypol (FG) concentrations in yolk and albumen and tissues of the 6% CSM group were greater (P < 0.05) than those in any ECSM treatments. Hens fed 6% CSM and 10% ECSM had the highest (P < 0.05) FG concentrations in the liver compared with those in the kidney and muscle, and higher (P < 0.05) FG residues in yolk than those in albumen. In conclusion, FG in CSM can be reduced by 68% through an expanded process and ECSM can be available in laying hens at up to 10% of the total diet and an appropriate replacement of soybean meal with ECSM may improve performance in laying hens.     

合生素对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

在我国传统养殖生产中,抗生素一直被用作饲料添加剂来控制畜禽疾病和提高生产性能。但随着抗生素的大量使用,其带来的负面影响日趋严重。药物残留和耐药菌株的产生及畜禽产品质量的下降,已对畜牧业可持续发展和人类健康带来严重的影响。研制开发无公害和无残留的饲料添加剂替代     

日粮添加甜菜碱对夏季高温蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血液理化特征的影响

本研究旨在评估夏季高温时日粮添加甜菜碱对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及骨骼和血液理化特性的影响.试验将480只产蛋性能一致的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡随机分为2组,每组240只,每组10个重复(24只/重复).对照组饲喂基础试验日粮,处理组蛋鸡饲喂基础试验日粮+150?mg/kg甜菜碱,试验为期8周.结果:日粮添加150?mg/kg甜菜碱对...     

果胶寡糖螯合锌对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和蛋中锌铁含量的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平果胶寡糖螯合锌(zinc pectic oligosaccharides che-late,Zn-POS)对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和蛋中锌铁含量的影响。选取600只健康的体重和产蛋率相近的22周龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为5组,每组10个重复,每个重复12只鸡。Ⅰ组饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ组在基础饲粮中添加268 mg/kg杆菌肽锌,均作为对照组;Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组分别在基础饲粮中添加200、400 mg/kg和600 mg/kg果胶寡糖螯合锌。预饲期1周,正试期8周。结果表明:(1)Ⅱ组和Ⅴ组的产蛋率和平均蛋重均显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),但平均日采食量和料蛋比差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组与Ⅴ组相比,产蛋率、平均日采食量、平均蛋重和料蛋比没有显著差异(P>0.05)。各试验组之间平均日采食量和料蛋比差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)Ⅴ组的蛋黄颜色显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。(3)Ⅱ组蛋中锌含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),各试验组蛋中铁含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加果胶寡糖螯合锌可以改善海兰褐蛋鸡生产性能,提高产蛋率,增加平均蛋重和蛋黄颜色。试验中海兰褐蛋鸡饲粮Zn-POS的适宜添加量为600 mg/kg。     

Effect of dietary supplementation of organic zinc on laying performance,egg quality and some biochemical parameters of laying hens

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc methionine (Zn‐Met) supplementation on the performance, egg quality, antioxidant status and some biochemical parameters of blood serum in laying hens from 22 to 34 weeks of age. A total of 120 Hisex Brown laying hens of 22‐week‐old were randomly allocated into five treatments with six cage replicates for each (four hens/replicate). Dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet with no Zn‐Met supplementation (control group) and basal diet supplemented with 25, 50, 75 or 100 mg Zn‐Met/kg diet. No significant differences were observed on body weight, body weight gain or feed conversion ratio due to dietary Zn‐Met supplementation. However, highly significant impact was observed on daily feed intake. Egg number, egg weight and egg mass were increased in the group fed diet supplemented with the highest level of Zn‐Met (100 mg/kg of diet) as compared to other groups. All egg quality traits were statistically (p > .05 or .01) affected as a response to dietary Zn‐Met supplementation except egg shape index, shell percentage and yolk index. In comparison with the control group, dietary supplementation of 25, 50, 75 or 100 mg Zn‐Met/kg decreased serum triglyceride and LDL‐cholesterol levels. Serum cholesterol level was increased with all dietary levels of Zn‐Met in comparison with the control group. Dietary Zn‐Met supplementation increased the serum content of zinc, where the highest values were recorded with 50 and 100 mg Zn‐Met/kg diet. Dietary Zn‐Met levels did not affect the antioxidant indices in blood serum except for the activity of copper–zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu‐Zn‐SOD). The activity of Cu‐Zn‐SOD was increased with Zn‐Met supplementations with no differences among supplemental zinc levels. It is concluded that dietary Zn‐Met supplementation reduced serum triglyceride, LDL‐cholesterol and increased Zn status and resulted in promoting antioxidant ability of laying hens, and the addition of 100 mg Zn‐Met/kg to layer diet was appropriate for improving the above parameters in addition to egg production indices and Haugh unit score.     

复合微生态制剂对蛋鸡生产性能、 蛋品质及抗氧化性能的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同比例复合微生态制剂对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及抗氧化性能的影响。选取体重相近的26周龄健康罗曼粉壳蛋鸡240只,随机分为3组,每组设5个重复,每个重复16只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础饲粮中添加1.5%、3%复合微生态制剂。预试期7 d,正试期42 d,分试验前期(0～21 d)和试验后期(21～42 d)。结果表明:①饲粮添加1.5%、3%复合微生态制剂对全期产蛋率和平均蛋重均无显著影响(P>0.05),但后期产蛋率显著提高(P<0.05),添加3%复合微生态制剂显著降低了全期平均日采食量(P<0.05),极显著降低了后期平均日采食量、料蛋比及全期料蛋比(P<0.01)。②与对照组相比,饲粮添加3%复合微生态制剂有提高试验第21 d蛋黄颜色和蛋壳厚度的趋势(0.050.05)。③饲粮添加1.5%、3%复合微生态制剂均显著提高蛋鸡血清总抗氧化能力(P<0.05),添加3%复合微生态制剂显著降低蛋鸡血清丙二醛含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,蛋鸡饲粮添加复合微生态制剂可提高蛋鸡饲料利用率、抗氧化性能及改善蛋品质,复合微生态制剂的添加水平为3%时效果较佳。     

Effect of quercetin on performance and egg quality during the late laying period of hens

1. At the end of the peak laying period for fowl, both performance and egg quality decrease markedly. Counteracting either or both of these could, therefore, have significant positive economic implications. Quercetin, a typical representative of the flavonol compounds, has a variety of biological functions. However, there are no reported findings on its use as a feed additive.

2. In this study, we investigated the effects of quercetin on laying rate, egg quality and blood traits associated with egg quality in laying hens (Hessain) during the late laying period and explored the possibility of using quercetin as a functional feed additive.

3. The laying hens (n = 240; 39 weeks old) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments consisting of 6 replicates (n = 10) and were fed with diets containing quercetin at 0, 0.2, 0.4 or 0.6 g/kg.

4. Results showed that laying rate was increased and feed–egg ratio was decreased significantly by 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg quercetin. Compared with controls, Haugh unit, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness and yolk protein were increased, but yolk cholesterol was decreased by quercetin.

5. In conclusion, quercetin was beneficial in improving performance and egg quality. The recommended concentration of quercetin is 0.4 g/kg of the basal diet. At this concentration, increased laying rate, improved egg quality and reduced yolk cholesterol can be expected.     

Effect of dietary supplementation of bacteriophage on performance,egg quality and caecal bacterial populations in laying hens

1. Bacteriophages (BP) have gained increasing attention as a treatment of bacterial infection for animals. However, the data pertaining to dietary application of BP for laying hens have been limited.

2. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary BP on laying performance, egg quality and caecal bacterial populations in laying hens.

3. The dietary BP used in this experiment was a mixture of individual BP targeting Salmonella gallinarum, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella derby and Staphylococcus aureus.

4. A total of 360 Hy-Line Brown laying hens of 32 weeks of age were allotted to one of three dietary treatments with 6 replicates in a completely randomised design. The basal diet was prepared, and 0.4 or 0.8 g/kg BP mixture was supplemented to the basal diet. Diets were fed to hens for 8 weeks.

5. Laying performance and egg quality were not affected by dietary treatments. As inclusion levels of BP mixture in diets were increased, the DNA copy numbers for Salmonella spp. in the caecal contents decreased linearly, whereas the DNA copy numbers for Escherichia coli in the caecal contents increased linearly.

6. Results indicate that dietary supplementation of BP mixture decreases the target Salmonella spp. populations but increases Escherichia coli populations in the gastrointestinal tract of laying hens with little impact on laying performance and egg quality.