松针多糖的提取工艺优化

对从松针中提取多糖的工艺条件进行了研究.在提取过程中,比较了水、醇两种溶剂对3种松针提取的多糖得率的影响.并通过单因素法分析了5个主要因素:料液比、提取温度、提取时间、pH值及提取次数对湿地松松针水提多糖得率的影响.在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验设计方法对水提湿地松松针多糖的工艺条件进行了优化.试验表明,湿地松松针多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1∶14(g∶mL),提取温度100℃,浸提时间3h,pH值6.在此最佳工艺条件下,湿地松松针多糖得率为4.024%±0.017%.     

水竹叶总黄酮的提取及纯化工艺研究

以水竹叶为原料,采用水浴和超声波两种提取方法,通过单因素与正交试验确定了水竹叶总黄酮提取的最佳条件,并筛选了不同树脂对总黄酮的吸附和解吸附特性.实验结果表明:水浴提取最佳条件为:温度50 ℃,提取时间2.0 h,乙醇体积分数60%,固液比1:20(g:mL,下同);总黄酮得率1.65%.影响得率的因素为:固液比＞乙醇体积分数＞提取温度＞提取时间.超声波提取最佳条件为:2.0 g水竹叶,超声波作用时间30 min,乙醇体积分数60 %,固液比1:15;总黄酮得率为1.27%.影响得率的因素为:超声波作用时间＞乙醇体积分数＞固液比.AB-8树脂对总黄酮纯化具有较好效果,体积分数为70%的乙醇是较好的解吸剂.     

响应面法优化桑黄菌丝体多糖超声波提取工艺的研究

为了探索超声波法提取桑黄菌丝体多糖的最佳工艺.在单因素试验的基础上,选取超声波时间、液料比和超声波功率为影响因子,应用Box-Behnken中心组合进行3因素3水平的试验设计,以桑黄菌丝体多糖的得率作为响应值,应用响应面法(RSM) 对超声波的提取条件进行进一步的优化.结果表明,超声波法提取桑黄菌丝体多糖的最佳提取条件为:桑黄菌粉0.1g,提取时间260s,液料比49∶1(mL∶g), 提取功率464W,提取两次,桑黄菌丝体多糖的得率为13.19%.桑黄菌丝体多糖得率比常规水提法高,同时大大缩短了提取时间.     

从栀子皮中提取果胶的研究

对栀子皮提取果胶的方法进行了研究,先用水提取水溶性果胶,再用酸水解法提取水不溶性果胶.用正交试验法优化了水不溶性果胶提取工艺.最佳工艺条件为:pH值1～1.5,温度 90 ℃,时间 120 min,水料比8.25∶1(mL∶g).水溶性果胶得率 13.2%,水不溶性果胶得率 14.1%,总得率 27.3%.本方法提取的果胶甲氧基含量为 4.93%,果胶含量为 82.4%.     

红托竹荪菌盖多糖的提取及抗氧化能力的研究

研究了不同因素对竹荪菌盖多糖提取效果的影响,并对菌盖多糖的抗氧化能力进行了评价,通过正交试验设计方法对水提竹荪菌盖多糖的工艺条件进行了优化.结果表明,菌盖多糖的最佳提取条件为:提取温度85℃,料液比1:25(g:mL),浸提时间2.5 h.在此最佳工艺条件下,竹荪菌盖多糖得率为8.25%.菌盖多糖主要由葡萄糖、甘露糖和...     

超声波法提取加杨叶总酚条件的优化

为得到加杨叶中总酚的最佳提取工艺,通过单因素和正交实验进行优选,并进行方差分析.结果表明:影响加杨叶总酚提取工艺的主要因素为乙醇浓度,其次是液料比和提取温度,而提取时间则影响不大.以乙醇为提取溶剂,在提取两次的条件下,加杨叶总酚的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度70%、液料比40:1、超声时间10 min、超声温度55℃,在此条件下加杨叶中总酚得率为1.43%.该方法重现性好,精密度高.     

超声波辅助水提取淡竹叶黄酮和固形物的工艺研究

采用超声波辅助提取法,对淡竹叶总黄酮和固形物得率的工艺条件进行研究。以水为提取溶剂,通过单因素试验研究提取温度、提取时间、超声功率、料液比以及提取次数等对淡竹叶黄酮得率和固形物得率的影响。在单因素的基础上,通过正交试验对超声波辅助提取淡竹叶黄酮和固形物的工艺进行优化。结果表明:超声波辅助提取淡竹叶总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为提取时间40 min,料液比1∶20,超声温度70℃,超声频率40 k Hz。在此最佳工艺条件下总黄酮得率为1.23%。超声波辅助提取固形物的最佳工艺条件为提取时间50 min,料液比1∶40,超声温度70℃,超声频率50 k Hz。在此最佳工艺条件下固形物得率为13.15%。     

正交试验法优化北五味子多糖提取工艺的研究

通过单因素试验研究料液比、提取温度、提取时间3个因素对北五味子得率的影响。在单因素的基础上,优化提取工艺采用正交试验法。结果表明,提取北五味子多糖的最佳条件为：液料比1g ：25mL ,60℃提取45min ,在此条件下北五味子多糖得率为20．74％。     

超声波-酶法提取油茶多酚的工艺研究

试验采用超声波-酶法提取油茶粕中的多酚,以多酚得率为指标,考察加酶比、料液比、乙醇浓度、温度、时间对油茶多酚得率的影响,在单因素试验结果的基础上,通过三因素三水平响应面分析法对油茶多酚的提取条件做进一步的优化。通过优化所得的最佳提取工艺条件为:加酶比1∶2、料液比1∶23(g/mL)、乙醇浓度55%、温度50℃、时间0.85h,在此条件下多酚得率18.94mg/g。与理论值相比偏差较小,相对误差2%,表明该模型是合理的,可以用来作为油茶多酚提取的最佳工艺条件。     

超声波在松仁多糖提取中的应用

采用单因素试验和正交试验,进行了超声波辅助提取松仁多糖的研究,得到了超声波辅助提取松仁多糖的最佳工艺条件:脱脂松仁粉100g,水浴温度90℃,料液比1∶45(g∶mL),时间35min,超声功率800W。在此工艺条件下,多糖得率为9.74%。与直接加热提取法进行比较,结果表明,超声波辅助提取能大大缩短提取时间,提高松仁多糖得率。     

Simultaneous determination of Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) with a single sweep polarography

A new method of simultaneous determining Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) with a single sweep polarography was developed. The experiment condition was studied and the results show that the optimum base solution is that the residue got from evaporating 25 mL mixed solution, 2.5 mL 1.0 mol/L ethylenediamine, 3.0 mL 1.0 mol/L ammonia-ammonium chloride, 5.0 mL 10 % sodium sulfite and 0.5 mL 0.5 % gelatin were mixed and diluted to 25 mL with water. Under the condition of this base solution, the polarography wave shapes of the six cations are ideal and without overlap of the peaks. In this base solution, Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) in synthetic samples were determined with relative errors 0.4–9.4% and relative standard deviations 0.8%-12.2%. Under this experiment condition, one fold of Pb(II), Cr(VI) and Mo(VI) do not interfere with the determination for Cu(II). This method has been used to the simultaneous determination of the amount of the six cations in the samples of soil and Beiqi Tea. The relative standard deviations were 0. l%-2.1% and recoveries were 93.5%-99.0 %.     

Inhibitory factors ofArgas (Argas) reflexus (Fab.) (Acari,Argasidae) larvae development

The eggs ofArgas reflexus were splashed with the LiCl and Na₂Cr₂O₇ saturated solutions on the 2nd day after laying and were kept at 25° C and 30% RH.Both examined chemical compounds caused great disturbances in embryogenesis ofArgas reflexus. Under influence of Na₂Cr₂O₇ 24.8% eggs died. The LiCl solution appeared to be more harmful on larvae development. 21.8% dead eggs, 11.6% dead embryos, and 8.9% larvae hatched abnormally were observed in these experiments

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Zusammenfassung Hemmende Faktoren bei der Embryonalentwicklung vonArgas (Argas) reflexus (Fab.) (Acari, Argasidae)Die Eier vonArgas reflexus wurden am 2. Tag der Embryonalentwicklung bei 25° C und 30% r. L. der. Wirkung gesättigter Lösungen von LiCl und Na₂Cr₂O₇ unterzogen.Beide chemischen Verbindungen verursachten große Störungen der Embryogenesis vonArgas reflexus. Unter dem Einfluß von Na₂Cr₂O₇ starben 24.8% der Eier ab. LiCl erwies sich als schädlicher für die Embryonalentwicklung dieser Zeckenart als Na₂Cr₂O₇.Bei den Experimenten mit LiCl wurden 21.8% Eier, 11.6% Embryos und 8.9% (abnormal geschlüpfte) Larven getötet.

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With one table     

Intraspezifische Konkurrenz und Nachkommenproduktion beiSitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleopt.) undSitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) (Lepid.) in Sorghum-Körnern

Zusammenfassung Die Nachkommenzahl von einem Weibchen vonSitophilus oryzae oderSitotroga cerealella in Sorghum-Körnern nahm mit dem Ansteigen der ursprünglichen Elterndichte ab. Jedoch nahm die Gesamtzahl an Nachkommen beiS. oryzae bis zu einem Maximalwert zu und danach bei weiterem Anstieg der Elterndichte wieder ab (Crowding-Konkurrenz). BeiS. cerealella dagegen tendierte die Nachkommenzahl dazu, von einem Grenzwert ab—unabhängig von der Elterndichte—konstant zu bleiben (Wettkampf-Konkurrenz).

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Intraspezific competition and progeny production inSitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleopt.) andSitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) (Lepid.) in Sorghum grain

The number of progeny produced per femaleSitophilus oryzae (L.) orSitotroga cerealella (Oliv.), on sorghum grain, decreased as the initial parental density increased. However, the total number of progeny (off-springs) produced inS. oryzae increased to a peak then declined with further increases in parental density (Scramble competition). InS. cerealella the progeny produced tended to be fairly constant once a certain parental density was passed (Contest competition).

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Mit einer Tabelle     

Further description ofStrobilomyia melaniola (Fan) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

In a recent paper, V. Michelsen(1988, Systematic Entomology 13: 271–314) revised 18 world species of anthomyiid cone and seed pests and described a new genus,Strobilomyia gen. n. He consideredS. melaniola of Northeast China to be a synonym ofS. viaria of North America. That they are the same species is not accepted. We compared the morphological characters of male and femaleS. melaniola adults with the close relatives,S. viaria andS. sibirica. We conclude that they are not the same species and that S.melaniola is an independent species.     

板栗综合利用研究进展

板栗作为食药两用植物,富含蛋白质、淀粉、脂肪、B族维生素、维生素C、胡萝卜素等多种营养成分,其皮、叶、花、苞中含有黄酮、多酚、单宁等大量的活性成分。从板栗各部位的形貌结构、化学成分、主要产品以及加工现状进行综述,并对板栗综合利用研究提出了展望,以期完善板栗产业链建设,为板栗高值化开发方向提供参考依据。     

Reduction in egg hatch ofArgas (Argas) reflexus (Fab.) (Acari,Argasidae) due to colchicine

The eggs ofArgas (Argas) reflexus (Fab.) were exposed to 0.05% colchicine on 9th, 15th or 23rd–25th days of embryonic development at 25°C and 30% RH. The eggs on the 15th and 23rd–25th days of development were the most sensitive to colchicine. In these experiments 6.9% and 9.4% embryos died, respectively. The largest number of disturbances of egg hatch (11.5%) were observed after exposure of the eggs to colchicine on 23rd–25th days of embryogenesis.     

Cynipoidea und Ichneumonidae (Hymn.) als Parasiten vonBoriomyia subnebulosa (Steph.) (Neur. Hemerobiidae)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Development, feeding and reproduction responses of Adalia fasciatopunctata revelierei(Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to Hyalopterus pruni(Geoffroy) (Homoptera: Aphididae)

This study was carried out to determine the development, survival and reproduction responses of Adalia fasciatopunctata revelierei (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feeding on Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy) (Homoptera: Aphididae), using 20, 40, 80, 160 and 250 prey densities. All experiments were conducted at 25±1°C, 60±5% relative humidity, 16:8 light:dark under laboratory conditions. The average daily prey consumption of A. fasciatopunctata revelierei immatures and adults increased with increasing prey densities. Predation was not different for the larval stages at 80, 160 and 250 prey densities. The longevities of adult females were 35.67, 35.33, 49.00, 58.33 and 57.16 days when 20, 40, 80, 160 and 250 H. pruni were provided, respectively. The mean daily and total fecundity of A. fasciatopunctata revelierei increased with increasing prey densities. Females of A. fasciatopunctata revelierei feeding on H. pruni laid 89 eggs at 20 prey density and 301.67 eggs at 160 prey density. The search rate of females was higher than that of all larval instars; and the search rate of the fourth-instar larvae was higher than that of younger instars. Handling time decreased with development from larval stages to adult.     

Protura (Beintastler)

Ohne Zusammenfassung