日粮铜缺乏对奶牛细胞膜流动性的影响

资料报道,铜缺乏可引起动物心血管、神经、呼吸及生殖系统的较为复杂的病理变化。近年来人们注重研究铜缺乏对动物抗氧化状态及脂类代谢及核酸代谢的影响。为揭示奶牛铜缺乏与脂类代谢的关系,本试验系统地测试了铜缺乏奶牛及亚临床铜缺乏奶牛血清和红细胞膜中ＳＡ(唾液酸)、ＰＬ(磷脂)、ＣＨＬ(胆固醇)及ＭＤＡ(脂质过氧化物)的含量及动态变化,以期从奶牛铜缺乏脂质过氧化损伤和脂类代谢异常角度来阐明该病的部分发病机理,为奶牛铜缺乏症的预防和治疗提供理论依据。1　材料与方法11　试验动物的选择　在奶牛铜缺乏症高发区大庆某养殖场,首先…     

壳聚糖及其衍生物对动物脂质代谢的调节作用及其机制

壳聚糖及其衍生物因含有氨基和羟基等具有生物活性的功能基团,在动物饲粮中添加后具有调节脂质代谢的功效。本文综述了壳聚糖及其衍生物在动物体内的代谢动力学及其对动物脂质代谢的调节作用,并从其与脂质的结合作用、对胰脂肪酶的抑制作用以及对脂肪细胞因子、脂质代谢相关酶及其基因表达、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶和脂肪合成转录因子调节作用的角度综述了其可能的调控机制,为深入探讨壳聚糖及其衍生物对动物脂质代谢的影响机制及科学调控脂质代谢提供理论依据。     

铜源和铜水平对岢岚绒山羊血清抗氧化酶系的影响

铜是反刍动物必需的微量元素之一.缺铜动物的脂质过氧化作用增强与抗氧化系统的减弱密切相关,研究发现铜缺乏动物肝脏中CuZn-SOD活性明显下降,脂质过氧化物终产物--呼出气体乙烷生成量显著增加.血清SOD、GPx、CAT是一个抗氧化酶体系,彼此之间互相影响,共同维持机体的正常抗氧化功能.     

铜在反刍动物营养中的研究进展

铜是反刍动物必需微量元素之一,在反刍动物机体内具有很广泛的分布及多种生物学功能.综述了铜在动物体内的生理功能、吸收代谢及影响吸收代谢的因素以及铜的来源和需要量.     

铜与反刍动物脂质代谢的关系

很多研究表明,铜能够影响反刍动物体内脂质的代谢。在日粮中额外添加铜10~40 mg/kg DM可以降低皮下脂肪组织的厚度和胆固醇浓度,提高背最长肌中不饱和脂肪酸的含量,同时,血清中去甲肾上腺素增加。因此,文章主要讨论了铜影响反刍动物体内脂质代谢的可能机制。     

铜与反刍动物脂质代谢的关系

很多研究表明,铜能够影响反刍动物体内脂质的代谢。在日粮中额外添加铜10~40mg/kg DM可以降低皮下脂肪组织的厚度和胆固醇浓度,提高了背最长肌中不饱和脂肪酸的含量,同时,血清中去甲肾上腺素增加。因此,文章主要讨论了铜影响反刍动物体内脂质代谢的可能机制。     

白藜芦醇调控脂质代谢影响肉品质的作用机制研究进展

白藜芦醇是一种存在于多种植物中的天然多酚类化合物,在畜禽生产中具有缓解应激、改善肠道功能和脂质代谢等多种功效.本文从白藜芦醇在体内的代谢特点,对脂质代谢的调控作用及其改善畜禽肉品质的研究进展进行综述,以期为白藜芦醇作为饲料添加剂在动物生产中的应用提供参考.     

植物多酚对动物脂质代谢影响的研究进展

脂肪组织是动物体内的重要组成部分,脂质代谢过程对动物生长性能以及畜禽屠宰后肉品质有重要影响。植物多酚作为一种天然的活性物质,可以通过调节肠道微生物多样性、激活能量感受器腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)、促进线粒体生物合成等途径发挥其对脂质代谢的调节作用。目前,利用植物多酚来调控动物脂质代谢,从而改善屠宰后肉品质的研究已逐步成为各领域的研究热点。本文根据国内外对植物多酚调控脂质代谢的研究现状,综述了植物多酚的功能作用对动物体内脂质代谢的影响,为提高畜禽屠宰后肉品质提供理论基础。     

脂质代谢组学的研究进展

脂质是动物体内重要的生物大分子之一,具有多种重要生物学功能。脂质代谢组学是新兴起的一门研究脂质代谢调控在各种生命现象中作用机制的新学科。它通过从系统水平上研究生物体内的脂质,揭示脂质分子及与其他生物分子间的相互作用。脂质代谢组学在营养学、功能基因组学等相关学科中的应用已有许多报道。本文主要介绍了脂质的分类与代谢、脂质代谢组学的概念、研究方法、研究现状及其应用研究进展等。     

α-硫辛酸对动物生长和脂肪代谢的影响及其作用机制

硫辛酸具有清除自由基和活性氧的能力,对保证动物健康具有重要作用。研究发现,饲粮中添加α-硫辛酸能促进动物生长,提高动物抗氧化能力,并能调节动物的脂质代谢。本文就α-硫辛酸促进动物生长和提高脂质代谢能力的作用及其作用机制进行综述。     

Effect of Copper Deficient Diet on Gut Microbiota in Mice

Copper is an essencial metal for animals to maintain fat metabolism and other important reactions.In order to study the effect of copper deficient diets on composition of intestinal microbiota and their metabolic pathways, 20 health C57BL/6 adult mice with similar body weight were chosen and fed chow diet for 7 d,and then divided into 2 groups.The mice in control group fed with copper deficient diet and 25 mg/L copper water while the experimental group mice were fed copper deficient diet and copper free water for one month.At the end of the test,the blood samples were collected to determine the ceruloplasmin content,and the caecum content were used to analyze the 16S rRNA genome by high throughput sequencing. The results showed that compared with control group,the ceruloplasmin content in experimental group was extremely significantly decreased (P < 0.001).And there were 5 siginificant differences microorganism in phylum level and 43 in genus level (P<0.05). There were 19 significant different pathways in the second grade of KEGG (P<0.05),in which metabolic-related functions were lipid metabolism, glycine biosynthesis and metabolism,metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides,biosynthesis of other secondary metabolisms and amino acid metabolism,indicating that the absence of copper in diets could alter the structure of some microbial flora and the changes of the relevant functions. It provided an important idea for studying the function of copper in the structure and metabolism of intestinal colonies in mice.     

无铜饲料对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

铜是动物机体必需的金属元素,参与重要的代谢反应。本试验旨在研究无铜饲料对小鼠肠道微生物菌落组成和相关代谢通路的影响,选择健康、体重相近、遗传背景为野生型C57BL/6J的成年公鼠20只,随机分为2组,试验组和对照组各10只。待小鼠适应性饲养1周后用无铜饲料饲喂,对照组饲喂25 mg/L含铜水,试验组饲喂无铜水,试验期30 d。试验期结束时,尾静脉采血进行铜蓝蛋白含量的测定,并采集小鼠新鲜盲肠内容物利用高通量测序技术对小鼠的盲肠内容物16S rRNA基因组进行分析。结果显示,与对照组相比,无铜组小鼠血清铜蓝蛋白含量极显著降低（P < 0.001）。无铜组小鼠盲肠微生物菌群在门、属水平分别与对照组有5和43个差异显著菌群（P < 0.05）;通过差异菌群功能预测分析发现,两组共有19种KEGG二级代谢通路差异显著（P<0.05）,其中与代谢相关的功能是脂代谢、甘氨酸生物合成与代谢、多酮类化合物和萜类化合物代谢、其他次生代谢产物的生物合成和氨基酸代谢,说明饲料中铜的缺失可以改变少数肠道菌群的组成及其功能,本试验为研究铜在小鼠肠道菌群结构及代谢中的功能提供了重要思路。     

高铜对肉鸡肝线粒体膜通透性、脂类代谢及肝和肌肉铜含量的影响

选用1日龄健康AA肉鸡120只随机均分成4组,使用硫酸铜作为铜源,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,对照组饲料铜含量为11mg/kg,3个试验高铜组饲料铜含量分别为110,220,330mg/kg,试验至60日龄结束,来探讨高铜日粮对肉鸡肝线粒体膜通透性、脂类代谢及肝和肌肉铜含量的影响。结果显示:(1)随着铜浓度的增加和/或饲养日龄的延长,线粒体膜通透性转换孔(Mitochondrial permeability transition pore,MPTP)逐渐扩大(P0.05);(2)血清总胆固醇(T-Ch)含量110,220mg/kg铜添加组低于对照组(P0.05),330mg/kg铜添加组极显著低于对照组(P0.01),而甘油三酯(TG)的含量在各高铜组均极显著低于对照组(P0.01);(3)与对照组相比,肝脏铜含量110,220mg/kg铜添加组有所增加(P0.05),330mg/kg铜添加组极显著增加(P0.01),肌肉中铜含量在各高铜组均极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。这说明高铜可造成肝线粒体不同程度的肿胀和损伤,改变肉鸡脂类的新陈代谢,明显增加肝和肌肉组织的铜含量。     

Pathobiology of copper toxicity

A review is presented of various aspects of copper (Cu) metabolism. The Cu absorption from the gastrointestinal tract in monogastric animals differs from that in ruminants. This is influenced by Cu binding compounds, sulphide production in the rumen, and molybdenum and zinc concentrations of the diet. Moreover, the valence of the Cu ions may influence the availability of Cu in the intestine. Metallothionein and lysosomes are involved in the accumulation of copper in the liver. The different findings in various Cu storage diseases may reflect different mechanisms of disease. Cu-induced liver cell damage and haemolysis may be the result of lipid peroxidation.     

日粮添加高铜对产蛋鸡生产性能和脂质代谢的影响

试验研究饲粮中添加铜对产蛋鸡生产性能,脂质代谢和组织铜含量的影响。试验共分4个处理,分别在基础饲粮中添加0、100、250、300mg/kg铜,80只360日龄的新罗曼蛋鸡随机分到4个处理中,每个处理5个重复,每个重复4只鸡,试验期28d。结果表明:添加高铜对各阶段产蛋鸡的采食量,产蛋率,蛋重无显著影响(P>0.05);但与对照组相比,添加高铜降低了第14、21、28天鸡蛋中每克蛋黄的胆固醇(TC)含量(P<0.05)和第21天血清中甘油三酯(TG),极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL-C)含量(P<0.05)以及第28天肝脏中谷胱苷肽(GSH)的含量(P<0.05)。添加300mg/kg的铜增加了肝脏中铜的沉积(P<0.05),而对蛋黄中铜的含量无影响。本研究表明添加铜能够降低蛋黄中的TC含量,而对蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋黄中铜的含量无显著影响。     

Copper inhibition of the thiobarbituric acid reaction in Bedlington terriers

The effect of copper on thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction values, an index of lipid peroxidation, was examined in Bedlington Terriers, healthy dogs, and rats. High hepatic concentrations of copper appeared to lower TBA values in the inherited, chronic, progressive hepatic degeneration of Bedlington Terriers, a disease associated with copper toxicosis. The suspected TBA inhibition was confirmed when Cu2+ was added to homogenates of healthy dog or rat liver or a malondialdehyde standard. The amount of copper added approximated that in diseased Bedlington Terriers. Because of the interference by copper, the TBA test was judged to be an inappropriate test for the evaluation of lipid peroxidation in samples containing high copper concentrations such as those in diseased Bedlington Terriers.     

Research Progress on Metabolic Related Structural Proteins in Lipid Droplet Development

Generally, lipid droplets are storage of triglycerides in adipocytes, but recent researches indicate that the transport, storage and steatolysis mobilization of fat in the cells are all based on lipid droplets, various phenomena reveal that lipid droplets is not only a simple energy storage in cells, but also more of a multifunctional organelle. By analyzing the structure of lipid droplets, it has been found that with neutral fat as the core, lipid droplets are covered with single phospholipid and embedded with a variety of functional proteins, which are referred as lipid droplets associated proteins. Lipid droplets associated protein correlated with lipid droplets are involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, membrane transport, signal transduction and other physiological processes in different forms. It can be divided into three categories according to the different bearing capacity of proteins, including lipid droplet structural protein, lipid droplet associated protein and lipid transport protein. Among them, structural proteins, such as proteins in the PAT family and CIDE family proteins, play important roles in the regulation of lipid droplet growth and metabolism.In addition, hormone-sensitive lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase and Rab protein, as well as other metabolism and transport proteins are suggested to be involved in lipid droplets development through different forms. At present, new types and mechanisms of lipid droplets related proteins are still being explored. This review is to address the research progress of lipid droplets, lipid metabolism and lipid droplets related proteins in cells.     

Dietary copper effects on lipid metabolism and circulating catecholamine concentrations in finishing steers

Forty-eight Angus and Hereford x Angus steers were used to determine the effects of copper (Cu) on lipid and catecholamine metabolism. Steers were stratified by weight within breed and randomly assigned to treatments. Treatments consisted of 0 (control, no supplemental Cu), 10, or 40 mg of supplemental Cu (from Cu2(OH)3Cl)/kg DM. Steers were fed a corn silage-soybean meal-based growing diet for 42 d. Animals were then switched to a high-concentrate finishing diet and remained on the same dietary treatments. On d 70, indwelling jugular catheters were nonsurgically inserted into five steers per treatment. Blood samples were obtained from steers after a 24-h period of feed withdrawal, 1 h after feeding, and after i.v. administration of norepinephrine and were subsequently analyzed for nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and catecholamine concentrations. Average daily gain over the finishing period was higher (P < 0.06) in steers receiving supplemental Cu. Serum total cholesterol concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) on d 84 and 112 in steers supplemented with Cu. Serum norepinephrine (P < 0.14) and NEFA concentrations following feed withdrawal tended (P < 0.12) to be higher in Cu-supplemented steers. Postfeeding norepinephrine concentrations tended to be higher (P < 0.14) in Cu-supplemented steers. Nonesterifled fatty acid concentrations were lower (P < 0.10) in Cu-supplemented steers after norepinephrine administration. Backfat depth was decreased (P < 0.10) and longissimus muscle polyunsaturated fatty acid percentages were increased (P < 0.10) in steers receiving supplemental Cu. These results indicate that Cu addition to a finishing diet containing 5 mg Cu/kg DM alters lipid metabolism. The reduction in backfat depth may be due to copper altering catecholamine metabolism in steers.     

脂滴发育中代谢相关的结构蛋白研究进展

一般认为脂滴是脂肪细胞中甘油三酯的贮存器,但近来研究发现细胞中脂肪的运输贮存与动员分解都是以脂滴为核心完成的,种种现象揭示了脂滴在细胞内并不仅仅是一个简单的能量贮存器,而更多地扮演着一个多功能细胞器的角色。通过对脂滴结构进行分析发现,脂滴以中性脂肪为核心,表面覆盖单层磷脂结构并镶嵌多种功能蛋白,即脂滴相关蛋白。脂滴相关蛋白以不同形式协同脂滴参与调控脂代谢、膜转运及信号转导等多个生理过程。根据蛋白承载功能的不同,可大致将其分为三大类：脂滴结构蛋白、脂滴代谢相关蛋白与脂滴转运蛋白。其中,结构蛋白如PAT家族蛋白、CIDE家族蛋白等在脂滴发育代谢的调控与信息传递介导中发挥着重要作用,此外,还有激素敏感脂肪酶、脂肪甘油三酯水解酶与Rab蛋白等代谢与转运蛋白通过不同形式参与脂滴发育。目前,脂滴相关蛋白新种类与具体作用机制仍在不断探索中。作者就细胞中脂滴与脂代谢及脂滴相关蛋白的研究进展做一综述。     

脂多糖致奶牛糖脂代谢异常研究进展

脂多糖（LPS）是革兰阴性菌细胞壁的主要成分,广泛存在于环境中,可诱导机体炎症反应,与奶牛的多种疾病相关。环境和疾病等因素引起机体LPS水平升高,LPS与巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和上皮细胞等作用,激活NF-κB和MAPKs信号通路,释放炎症因子,改变机体糖脂代谢相关激素和脂肪因子水平,进而影响糖脂代谢,造成奶牛2型糖尿病、酮病、脂肪肝和肥胖等代谢性疾病。本文综述了LPS与炎症反应和糖脂代谢相互作用关系及其导致糖脂代谢异常作用机制,为LPS致奶牛糖脂代谢异常机理研究提供参考。