茶饼病菌侵染对茶树挥发性物质的影响

采用同时蒸馏萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用（SDE/GC/MS）技术,分别测定了健康及受茶饼病菌侵染鲜叶中挥发性物质,探讨了云南大叶种健康及受茶饼病菌侵染鲜叶中挥发性物质的组成和差异,分析了茶饼病菌侵染对茶树挥发性物质的影响。结果表明：茶树健康叶片中共检测出37种挥发性物质,占总挥发物的80.195%,而受茶饼病菌侵染叶片中共检测出56种挥发性物质,占总挥发物的92.166%;在受茶饼病菌侵染叶片中有13种物质未检测出,有31种新的挥发性物质被检测出;芳樟醇是云南大叶种茶树鲜叶中主要的挥发性物质;受茶饼病菌危害的叶片以含氮含硫化合物、萜烯类、芳香族化合物、绿叶性气体为主要挥发物。     

3 种唇形科植物精油组分差异比较

利用水蒸气蒸馏法结合气相色谱—质谱联用技术比较了百里香、迷迭香和柠檬香蜂草 3 种唇形科植物精油的挥发性组分差异。结果表明，唇形科植物精油具有丰富的挥发性组分，本研究在不同唇形科植物精油中检测到 18 种单萜、18 种倍半萜、25 种单萜衍生物、2 种倍半萜衍生物及 16 种酮、酯、酸类化合物共 79 种挥发性物质。不同唇形科植物精油组分差异较大，百里香植物精油组分最多，具有 51 种化合物；其次为迷迭香和柠檬香蜂草精油。百里香酚、1,8-桉叶素和香叶醛分别对百里香、迷迭香和柠檬香蜂草植物精油的贡献率最高。     

斜纹夜蛾对植物挥发物及其与性信息素组合的触角电位反应

为了提高目前化学性诱剂的诱集效率,采用电生理方法测试斜纹夜蛾对4种植物气味化合物、4种植物叶片提取液及其与性诱剂混合组分的触角电位（Electroantennogram,EAG）反应。结果表明：这些植物挥发物均可刺激斜纹夜蛾产生触角电位反应,且随着浓度的增加,部分挥发物引起电位值呈逐渐上升趋势,剩余挥发物使电位值先上升后下降。试验所测单种植物挥发物对性诱剂均有显著的增效作用,而2种或2种以上气味化合物混合,只有苯乙醛和水杨酸甲酯同时存在时,对性诱剂才有增效作用,缺少其中任何1种,增效作用都不显著。此研究结果将为下一步开发研究斜纹夜蛾雄虫的引诱剂或性诱剂的增效剂提供重要的科学依据。     

3种紫苏属植物鲜叶的挥发性物质的异质性分析

紫苏属植物的叶具多种生物活性,且有特异性香气。为探究紫苏属不同植物鲜叶挥发性物质异同,以紫苏、白苏和柠檬紫苏为研究对象,采用固相微萃取进行富集提取,运用气相质谱对鲜叶挥发物进行分离鉴定。结果表明：（1）紫苏属植物鲜叶的挥发物存在较显著差异。通过主成分分析,3种紫苏属植物的样本点分别独自聚为一类;（2）3种紫苏属植物高匹配（匹配度≥90%）、高相对含量（相对含量≥2%）的挥发物存在不同。柠檬紫苏为柠檬醛、顺式-柠檬醛和蘑菇醇等,紫苏为α-石竹烯、β-石竹烯和洋芹脑等,白苏则包括β-石竹烯、蘑菇醇和芳樟醇等;（3）3种紫苏属植物存在各自特异性挥发物。柠檬紫苏叶片中检测出特异性挥发物19种,为柠檬醛、β-柠檬醇等。紫苏有8种,如洋芹脑等。白苏有6种特异性挥发物,为芳樟醇等;（4）3种紫苏属植物同时存在4个共有挥发物,分别为β-榄香烯、大根香叶烯、β-石竹烯和蘑菇醇;（5）以所测挥发物为指标,通过聚类分析得到白苏和紫苏的样本聚为一个类群,而柠檬紫苏的样本单独聚为另一类群。本研究为紫苏属植物资源的进一步开发和利用提供依据。     

基于HS-SPME-GC-MS分析墨兰不同花器官香气成分

墨兰（Cymbidiumsinense）为典型的香花国兰，具有很高的经济价值和观赏价值。采用HS-SPME-GC-MS技术对墨兰不同花器官的挥发性成分进行分析，共检测出7类、54种挥发性成分，主要由21种醛类、12种醇类、10种酮类、5种苯类、2种呋喃类、2种酸类及2种萜类化合物组成。花瓣、萼片、唇瓣、蕊柱等4种不同花器官均含有的化合物共48种，包括19种醛类、10种醇类、9种酮类、5种苯类、2种萜类、2种呋喃类和1种酸类。花瓣、萼片及蕊柱共有成分有3种，只在萼片中检测到的成分仅有2种，丙烯醛只在蕊柱中检测出。结果表明：花朵不同花器官所含的挥发物种类及含量差异明显，萼片共检测出49种挥发物，物质含量最高达99106.15μg/L，占总挥发性有机成分的35.88%，其中含量最高的挥发物为环戊基甲醛，具有薄荷的樟脑味。花瓣共检测出51种挥发物，物质含量为56 571.48μg/L，占总挥发性有机成分的20.48%，含量最高的挥发物为1-戊烯-3-醇，具有水果香味。唇瓣共检测出48种挥发物，物质含量最低的为41645.32μg/L，占总挥发性有机成分的15.08%，其中含量最高的挥发物为环戊...     

三唑磷对稻纵卷叶螟诱导的水稻植株挥发物释放的影响

 研究了施用三唑磷对稻纵卷叶螟诱导的水稻挥发物的影响。利用固相微萃取法收集水稻挥发物,并通过气相色谱 质谱联用仪对挥发物进行分离和鉴定,共收集到36个水稻挥发物组分,其中已定性的14个,以萜类及其氧化物（11个）为主。在已定性的组分中,异喇叭烯、(-) α 雪松烯、 (+) β 雪松烯、雪松醇等4个组分在水稻上尚未见报道。不同处理间水稻挥发物种类相同,但挥发物组分相对含量存在差异。三唑磷浓度不同导致5种挥发物组分（占总种类数的13.9％）相对含量的变化;而27种组分（占总种类数的75.0％）相对含量因施药天数不同而存在显著差异;农药与水稻品种、害虫密度等生物因子间的互作使32种水稻挥发物组分（占总种类数的88.9％）相对含量显著改变。     

桔小实蝇对不同水果及挥发性化合物行为反应的研究

为了解桔小实蝇[Bactrocera dorsalis（Hendel）]对不同水果及挥发性化合物的行为反应,以未交配的和已交配的桔小实蝇雌雄成虫为试虫,采用Y形嗅觉仪测定其对10种果实的反应差异。结果表明,对于同种水果,雌虫比雄虫反应明显,未交配成虫比已交配的成虫反应明显。同时利用触角电位技术测定桔小实蝇对其寄主挥发性物质中常见的10种组分的反应。结果表明,对同种物质,雄成虫交配前触角电位反应值均显著大于交配后触角电位反应值。在交配前雄虫比雌虫的触角电位反应值大,对多数挥发物组分,在交配后雌虫触角电位反应值比雄虫的大。     

巨尾桉挥发物化感作用初步研究

在实验室条件下进行巨尾桉(Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla)新鲜桉叶和桉油的挥发物对4种受试植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响试验.结果表明:巨尾桉挥发物对受试植物的种子萌发和幼苗生长均有抑制作用,且抑制作用强度,桉油挥发物均显著或极显著大于桉叶自然挥发物.桉油挥发物的作用强度有明显的浓度效应,浓度增大,抑制作用增强.不同受体植物对巨尾桉挥发物化感作用的敏感性差异明显,其中甜菜心和白萝卜敏感性较强,水稻和热研2号柱花草敏感性则较弱.     

刚果12号桉对4种豆科植物的化感作用

采用室内生物检测的方法研究了刚果12号桉叶片自然释放的挥发性物质、叶片水抽提物、叶片经水蒸气蒸馏所得的桉油、含挥发性水溶性物质的冷凝水和含水溶性非挥发性物质的渣汁3个组分以及桉树根际土壤水浸液对绿豆、大豆、柱花草与大翼豆4种受体植物的化感活性。结果表明：刚果12号桉叶片释放的挥发性物质对4种受体植物种子的萌发有强烈的抑制作用：桉叶水抽提物与根际土壤水浸液对绿豆、大豆、柱花草与大翼豆4种受体植物种子萌发与幼苗生长不但有一定抑制作用，而且土壤水浸液对绿豆、大豆和柱花草幼苗的根生长还有不同程度的促进作用，处理分别比对照高出13％、2％、23％。从桉油、冷凝水与渣汁3个组分的化感活性来看，渣汁的最强，桉油次之，冷凝水最低，即单位叶片中水溶性物质的化感活性比挥发性的高。这表明水溶性化感活性物质可能是刚果12号桉的主要化感作用物质。     

茶酒中茶特征成分含量测定和挥发物组分分析

为探索茶酒中的茶特征成分与挥发物组分,本研究用高效液相色谱对茶酒中的茶特征成分进行了检测分析,同时,用气质联用仪对两种市售茶酒的挥发物组分进行了检测分析,并筛选出了呈香活性物质。结果表明:两个年份的酒样中均测得2种儿茶素与20种游离氨基酸;两种市售茶酒中共测得67种挥发物组分,茶酒香气成分主要来源于酿酒过程。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.