Planting date and development of spring-seeded irrigated canola, brown mustard and camelina

With increased emphasis on bio-diesel fuels, the influence of spring planting on development of brown mustard (Brassica juncea cv. Arid), canola (B. napus cv. Hyola 401) and camelina (Camelina sativa cv. Boa) has become important. Field trials were conducted at Scottsbluff, NE, in 2005 and 2006 at planting dates of 24 February, 24 March, 7 April, 21 April and 5 May, and 3 March, 3 April, 10 April, 27 April, 11 May, and 2 Jun, respectively. Emergence time was shorter with later planting. Flowering date was later with later planting but occurred within a range of degree days (P-days). Fruiting was affected by date and P-days, but seed maturity was not affected by planting date and was unrelated to P-days. Fleabeetle (Phyllotreta spp.) damage was very high in brown mustard and canola. Bird, primarily house finch (Carppodacus mexicanus), feeding was a major problem with brown mustard planted before mid April and in canola, only with the first planting. Camelina was not affected by either. Planting in April gave the best yields, and canola could yield over 2200 kg ha⁻¹. Oil content of the Brassica was highest when planted from late March and later. For camelina, planting date had no effect. In brown mustard and canola, 60-65% of oil was C18:1, in camelina, about 15%. Later planting increased C18:1 content for the three crops. The second fatty acid was C18:2 with 20% in brown mustard, 18% in canola and 20% in camelina. Later planting increased C18:2 in camelina only. The major fatty acid in camelina was C18:3 at 32-37%; earlier planting increased the content of C18:3. In Camelina, C20:1 comprised about 12% of the oil and was highest with April planting. Canola and camelina seeded in April could be grown for oil successfully in western Nebraska.     

大豆油脂脂肪酸含量与主要农艺性状的遗传相关及通径分析

选用2份吉林省主推的大豆品种,3份引自美国的低亚麻酸材料作为杂交亲本,2000年按Griffing方法2进行双列杂交,估算了5种油脂脂肪酸含量与主要农艺性状的遗传相关及对单株粒重、百粒重的通径系数.结果表明:表型相关系数与遗传相关系数非常接近.棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚麻酸含量和百粒重的遗传相关均为正值,亚麻酸含量与百粒重呈极显著的正相关,而亚油酸含量与百粒重的遗传相关为负值,通过百粒重可以对亚麻酸和亚油酸进行间接选择.油酸、亚麻酸对单株粒重的直接效应与遗传相关的表现相一致.亚油酸对单株粒重的直接正效应主要被油酸、亚麻酸的间接负效应所掩盖,使得亚油酸的直接效应与遗传相关表现相反.棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸对百粒重的直接效应与遗传相关的表现一致.油酸、亚麻酸对百粒重的直接通径系数与遗传相关的表现不一致,主要是被亚油酸的正向效应所掩盖.因此可通过百粒重进行间接选择,以达到低亚麻酸育种目标,同时也可提高亚油酸含量.     

Effects of High Water Table and Short-Term Flooding on Growth,Yield, and Seed Quality of Sunflower

Abstract

Sunflower, a major edible oil crop producing a high-quality and healthful oil for human consumption and also recycled for use as feedstock to produce biodiesel fuel, is recently being cultivated in rotation with rice in the paddy field. The oil of cultivars with a high oleic acid content has higher oxidation stability and better nutritional properties than the standard cultivars, which have a high linoleic acid content. In this study, we evaluated the effects of excess water on plant growth, seed yield, and oil quality. Seed yield, the major yield components, the oleic acid content and the total oil content were negatively affected by a shallow water table. In particular, waterlogging at the establishment stage decreased the growth and seed yield severely. In addition, waterlogging during the flowering and maturation stages tended to decrease the oleic acid content and to increase the linoleic acid content. These results will be useful for improving management practices to increase the seed yield and improve the oil quality of sunflower in rotation with upland paddy rice.     

Fatty Acid Content of Seed at Different Development Stages in Canola on Different Soil Types with Low Organic Matter

Abstract

Physical and chemical properties of vegetable oils and consequently their use, depend on the composition of fatty acids that accumulate in storage lipids during seed development. The objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of seed development stages and organic matter content of soil on oil fatty acid composition of canola. The experiments were carried out under field conditions on four soils with different organic matter contents. To evaluate seed oil content and fatty acid composition of canola, we harvested plants at six growth stages (GS), GS 75, GS 79, GS 83, GS 87, GS 92 and GS 99 including development of seed, ripening and senescence. The synthesis of oil and fatty acids were largely influenced by seed maturity and soil type. Seeds had maximum content of stearic and palmitic acids at GS 75 (50% of pods reach final size). The seed yield, oil content of seeds and oleic acid percentage of seed oil significantly increased with increasing rate of soil organic matter in canola. This study addresses the organic matter content in poor soils should be ameliorated not only to obtain higher crop yields but also quality production.     

Intercepted solar radiation affects oil fatty acid composition in crop species

Solar radiation intercepted during grain filling affects growth of grain crops. Its effects on oil fatty acid composition have not been investigated. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of intercepted solar radiation per plant on oil fatty acid composition in four crops. An experiment including a cultivar of soybean, maize and sunflower was sown at Balcarce, Argentina, during two growing seasons (2001–02 and 2004–05) and two experiments with a rape cultivar were conducted during in 2004 and 2005. The amount of intercepted solar radiation during grain filling was modified by shading (50–80%) and thinning plants (50%). In addition, the same cultivars of soybean and maize were sown in the field at Paraná, Argentina, during the 2004–05 growing season and in growth chambers under different day/night temperatures during grain filling. Regardless of the species, oleic acid percentage increased as intercepted solar radiation (ISR) per plant increased. The highest difference (13%) was observed in sunflower (shading vs. thinning) and the increase in oleic acid was associated with a reduction in both linoleic and linolenic acids. Saturated fatty acid percentage was not affected by intercepted solar radiation per plant. Differences among radiation treatments were observed not only at physiological maturity but also at earlier stages of the grain filling period. In soybean and maize, increasing daily mean temperature increased oleic acid percentage (r² ≥ 0.52). Changes in fatty acid composition in radiation experiments and treatments were not accounted for by variations in temperature (differences among treatments were ≤1 °C). In sunflower and maize, the source (ISR)–sink (grain number) ratio during the grain filling period better explained changes in oleic acid percentage than per plant ISR alone. Changes in fatty acid composition due to radiation treatments were as large as variations produced by changes in temperature in soybean and maize, but not in sunflower. Based on these results, management practices that increase intercepted radiation by the plant during grain filling could contribute to obtain oils with higher oleic acid percentage.     

Protein content, oil content and fatty acid profiles as potential criteria to determine the origin of commercially grown chia (Salvia hispanica L.)

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.), an annual herb of the Labiatae family, produces seeds which were one of the basic foods of Central American civilizations in pre-Columbian times. Chia seed contains the highest known percentage of α-linolenic fatty acid of any plant source. In recent years, chia seed has become increasingly important for human health and nutrition because of its high content of α-linolenic fatty acid, and the beneficial health effects that arise from its consumption. A study was undertaken to characterize protein and oil contents as well as fatty acid composition of chia seeds grown in some larger commercial fields, in an attempt to determine how these components are affected by location. Oil saturation tended to decrease as elevation of seed production increased, with decreasing levels of palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic fatty acids found. The main constituent in the chia oil was ω-3 α-linolenic fatty acid, and ranged from 64.8% to 56.9%. Differences were significant (P < 0.05) among locations. Significant differences in protein content and fatty acid composition were also found for the commercially grown chia originating from three ecosystems. It is possible that these differences could be used to distinguish chia's origin, if additional research was undertaken to characterize such differences.     

Nitrogen fertilizer and urease inhibitor effects on canola seed quality in a one-pass seeding and fertilizing system

Field studies were conducted over three years on a clay loam (CL) and fine sandy loam (FSL) soil on the eastern Canadian prairies to evaluate the impact of urea and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), with or without the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), placed near the seed-row in a one-pass seeding and fertilizing operation on seed protein, oil, chlorophyll and glucosinolate content of canola (Brassica napus L.). Application of N fertilizer as a side-band application at the time of seeding increased protein concentration and decreased oil concentration. Protein and oil yield increased with low to moderate N rates, but stabilized or fell with high N rates due to reductions in yield from seedling toxicity. Both chlorophyll and glucosinolate concentrations increased with increasing N rates. Use of UAN led to higher protein, chlorophyll and glucosinolate and lower oil concentration than urea on the CL soil. Use of the urease inhibitor NBPT generally increased oil concentration on both soils and reduced the chlorophyll and glucosinolate concentration on the CL soil. Observed difference may have been due to delayed maturity and reduced stand density caused by seedling damage and high N rates. High N rates applied as a side-band of urea or UAN near the canola seed row can negatively influence both seed yield and quality in canola and the negative effects may be reduced by the use of the urease inhibitor NBPT.     

不同品种、地区茶叶籽仁含油量及茶叶籽油中脂肪酸组分和含量差异性分析

为了筛选出含油量高且脂肪酸组分丰富的茶树品种,对9个省区49个茶树品种茶叶籽进行研究.结果发现,不同品种茶树茶叶籽含油量范围为16.29％～33.80％.采用气相色谱法测定各个品种茶叶籽油中脂肪酸的组分和含量,共检测出19种脂肪酸,主要为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和α-亚麻酸,分别占总脂肪酸含量的46.00％～72....     

花生ω-3△~(15)-脂肪酸脱氧酶基因AhFAD3A的克隆及其表达

花生油中的α-亚麻酸含量在不同种质资源中存在着差异,与籽仁的不同发育时期也密切相关。本研究通过生物信息学分析并利用RACE的方法,从萌发的花生子叶中克隆了一个参与花生α-亚麻酸合成的ω-3△15-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因,命名为AhFAD3A。利用荧光定量PCR分别比较分析了AhFAD3A和Ah FAD8基因在花生不同组织、籽仁发育不同阶段、萌发过程中的表达特征,结果表明:AhFAD3A基因主要在花期的叶片组织和根部、籽仁形成期表达,在其它发育阶段该基因的表达量比较低,证实该基因的表达与花生籽仁中α-亚麻酸的形成呈正相关;AhFAD8基因在花生的整个生育阶段的绿色组织中表达、非光合组织中几乎不表达。以上研究结果为进一步确定AhFAD3A基因的功能、表达调控及其与花生籽仁中α-亚麻酸形成的关系提供了研究基础。     

福建茶树种质资源的茶籽油脂肪酸组成分析

采用气相色谱法（GC）分析了福建42份茶树〔Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze〕种质资源的茶籽油脂肪酸组成,结果表明,饱和脂肪酸（SFA）的平均含量为20.59%,单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）为50.57%,多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）为28.11%;发现茶籽油中含有二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）,平均含量为0.11%;参试材料中优良品种茶籽油的脂肪酸组成优于地方品种。选取了11种含量较高或特异成分进行主成分分析,其中硬脂酸、花生酸、棕榈酸和DHA等是构成茶籽油的重要或特征脂肪酸。茶籽油是富含油酸、亚油酸,低芥酸和反式脂肪酸的高品质油脂,具有开发高级食用油脂的潜在价值。     

Genetic variability in the response of fatty acid composition to minimum night temperature during grain filling in sunflower

It is not known if the response of the oil fatty acid composition to temperature is similar among sunflower hybrids, especially among traditional hybrids. The objective of this work was to asses the genetic variability of the response of the oil fatty acid composition to temperature during the period 100–300 °C day after flowering among sunflower hybrids. Seven traditional hybrids and a high oleic hybrid were grown in several locations of Argentina. With the same hybrids two experiments were carried out in growth chambers where the plants were exposed to different day–night temperatures during grain filling. From these field and growth chamber experiments wide ranges of variation of temperature and oil fatty acid compositions for each hybrid were obtained. The concentration of oleic acid in sunflower oil showed a sigmoidal response to minimum night temperature from 100 to 300 °C day after flowering, increasing almost lineally within a given range of temperature. Outside this range, the concentration of this fatty acid remained merely constant. The same mathematical expressions characterized the response of oleic acid concentration to temperature in both, traditional and high oleic hybrids. The same expression also described the response of other fatty acids to temperature in all the hybrids. Differences between hybrids were observed for the minimum and maximum concentration of oleic acid and also for the maximum slope and range of the response. Since the sum of oleic + linoleic acids increased with temperature, increasing temperature reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids and behenic acid. Genetic variability in the response of these fatty acids to temperature was observed. The results presented here show that it is possible to obtain sunflower oils of very different qualities combining the genetic variability in the response of the fatty acid composition to temperature and the climatic diversity under which sunflower is cultivated.     

利用GGE双标图分析花生品质性状的基因型-环境互作

花生品质性状的稳定性和基因型-环境互作研究，可为花生品质育种及不同生态区域花生品种的选择提供参考依据。本研究利用GGE-biplot工具，对我国黄淮海花生主产区16个花生品种两年间的品质性状进行了综合分析，包括含油量、油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和蛋白质含量等。结果显示，5个品质性状均有较高的GGE总变异值（主成分因素PC1和PC2变异的总和），变幅在61.5%-79.9%之间，以含油量的GGE变异值最低，为61.5%，油酸含量的GGE变异值最高，为79.9%。16个花生品种2年间部分品质性状表现较为一致，其中濮花9519的含油量表型值波动最小，山花9号的亚油酸含量表型值波动最小，开农49是油酸含量表型值最为稳定的品种，天府23号是棕榈酸含量和蛋白质含量表型值最为稳定的品种。初步明确了徐州和濮阳分别适合高油花生和高油酸花生种植，确定了不同生态类型试点下较适合种植的品种，为花生品种推广应用提供了参考。     

Fatty acid and oil variation in seed from kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a fibre plant native to east-central Africa. The potential for using kenaf seeds as a source of edible oil is often overlooked when considering kenaf as a fibre and feed crop. The aim of this research was to study and compare the fatty acid composition and oil content of eight commercial kenaf varieties from various countries. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acid were the predominant fatty acids in all cultivars. Percentages of fatty acids varied greatly among different kenaf varieties. Gregg had the highest percentage of linoleic acid whilst El Salvador had the lowest. El Salvador had the highest percentage of oleic acid and Endora had the highest percentage of palmitic acid. Stearic acid and palmitic acid were positively correlated, as well as stearic and linoleic acid. Increasing stearic and linolenic acid and reducing palmitic acid at the same time therefore might be difficult through conventional breeding. The oil content was 19.84% on average and there was not much difference between the varieties. The relatively high oil content and the unique fatty acid composition, suggested that kenaf seed could be used as a source of edible oil. Kenaf oil can be considered nutritionally healthy because of the relatively high amount of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.     

Rooting systems of oilseed and pulse crops. II: Vertical distribution patterns across the soil profile

Root distribution patterns in the soil profile are the important determinant of the ability of a crop to acquire water and nutrients for growth. This study was to determine the root distribution patterns of selected oilseeds and pulses that are widely adapted in semiarid northern Great Plains. We hypothesized that root distribution patterns differed between oilseed, pulse, and cereal crops, and that the magnitude of the difference was influenced by water availability. A field experiment was conducted in 2006 and 2007 near Swift Current (50°15′N, 107°44′W), Saskatchewan, Canada. Three oilseeds [canola (Brassica napus L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.)], three pulses [chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris)], and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were hand-planted in lysimeters of 15 cm in diameter and 100 cm in length which were pushed into soil with a hydraulic system. Crops were evaluated under low- (natural rainfall) and high- (rainfall + irrigation) water conditions. Vertical distribution of root systems was determined at the late-flowering stage. A large portion (>90%) of crop roots was mainly distributed in the 0-60 cm soil profile and the largest amount of crop rooting took place in the top 20 cm soil increment. Pulses had larger diameter roots across the entire soil profile than oilseeds and wheat. Canola had 28% greater root length and 110% more root tips in the top 10 cm soil and 101% larger root surface area in the 40 cm soil under high-water than under low-water conditions. In 2007, drier weather stimulated greater root growth for oilseeds in the 20-40 cm soil and for wheat in the 0-20 cm soil, but reduced root growth of pulses in the 0-50 cm soil profile. In semiarid environments, water availability did not affect the vertical distribution patterns of crop roots with a few exceptions. Pulses are excellent “digging” crops with a strong “tillage” function to the soil due to their larger diameter roots, whereas canola is more suitable to the environment with high availability of soil water that promotes canola root development.     

Seed yield components,oil content,and fatty acid composition of two cultivars of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) growing in the Arid Chaco of Argentina

Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. pterygosperma Gaertn [Moringaceae]) is a fast-growing small tree native to the sub-Himalayan tracts of Northern India. The recognition that moringa oil has value in cosmetics has increased interest in cultivating it for seed-oil. The experimental trials were conducted in a semi-commercial moringa plantation in the subtropical northwestern region of Argentina, considering the similar climate conditions to the plant native region. Pods per tree, seeds per pod, weight of seed per pod, kernel weight, kernels oil content and fatty acid composition of PKM-1 and African cultivars were determined. One individual, E₄-9, a PKM-1 plant, had significantly (P < 0.05) higher production than all other plants. In addition, this individual was the highest extrapolated oil producer in both 2003 and 2004, with 595 and 564 kg ha^?1, respectively (ave. 580 kg ha^?1). Seed weight (200-seed wt.) was significantly greater in 2003 than 2004; no other traits studied showed significant differences between years. Both cultivars produced-oil with practically identical fatty acid composition, and the monounsaturated ω-9 oleic fatty acid accounted for more than 70% of the total for both cultivars. The polyunsaturated ω-6 linoleic fatty acid content of the African cultivar was slightly, but significantly (P < 0.05), higher than that of PKM-1.     

Seeding date influence on camelina seed yield, yield components, and oil content in Chile

Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) was introduced for the first time in Chile in 2008 as a potential feedstock for biodiesel and also as high omega-3-containing seed oil for the salmon feed industry. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum seeding date to maximize camelina seed yield in South Central Chile. The experiment was conducted under dryland conditions in Chillán, El Carmen, Los Angeles, Gorbea, and Osorno in 2008 and in Chillán and Los Angeles in 2009. The experimental design was a RCB with a split-plot arrangement with four replicates, where the main plot was the seeding date (five dates) and the sub-plot the spring type cultivars (Gold of Pleasure, Suneson, and Blaine Creek). Seeding dates at each environment were targeted to 30 April, 15 May, 30 May, 30 June, and 30 July of 2008 and 2009. The combined analysis of variance indicated no cultivar main effect or interactions with cultivar. The date by environment interaction was significant for seed yield. There were no seed yield differences among seeding dates in Chillán and El Carmen. The first three seeding dates were the highest yielding in Los Angeles and Osorno, and only the first seeding date was significantly higher in seed yield in Gorbea. Highest seed yield at Los Angeles, Gorbea, and Osorno were 1995, 1310, and 2314 kg ha⁻¹. Seed oil content was not different among seeding dates in Chillán and El Carmen. Highest seed oil content occurred at Osorno and Gorbea on the first three seeding dates and ranged from 420 to 457 g kg⁻¹. Spring camelina cultivars are well adapted to South Central Chile as a winter annual crop when seeded before 15 May except in Osorno when seeded before 30 May. No disease or insectpests were observed except for Aster Yellow infestation at Chillán and Los Angeles. Camelina has great potential as an oilseed for biodiesel and as a source of omega-3 for the pharmaceutical industry but markets for it need to be developed locally for camelina to become an option for growers.     

Responses of Seed Yield and Quality to Nitrogen Application Levels in Two Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Varieties Differing in Nitrogen Efficiency

Abstract

The relationship between nitrogen efficiency (NE), defined as seed yield per unit nitrogen (N) application, and seed quality was examined in two oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) varieties at 5 N application levels, 0.6, 3, 6, 12, 15 mmol L?¹, N₁, N₂, N₃, N₄ and N₅, respectively. Seed yield, oil yield and protein content were increased with the increase in N application level, but NE and oil content were decreased, and the fatty acid composition in seed was hardly changed. Analysis of seven fatty acids revealed aslight decrease in the contents of erucic acid and arachidonic acid with the increase in N application level, but no obvious change in the contents of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Compared with the low NE variety H29, the seed yield and contents of erucic acid and arachidonic acid in the high NE variety bin270 were more markedly increased with the increase in N application level, and the oil content was hardly changed. The seed yield, oilcontent and oil yield were higher in the high NE variety than in the low NE variety at all 5 N application levels. There were no significant differences in protein, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid contents between the varieties at any of the 5 N application levels, but there were slight differences in the linoleic acid and linolenic acid contents between the two varieties. In brief, N application improved oil yield more greatly in the high NE variety than in the low NE variety, but hardly affected the fatty acid composition. Therefore, the seed quality and oil content of oilseed rape may not be decreased by breeding of a high NE variety with a high N absorption efficiency and high N use efficiency.     

基于双列杂交的花生主要品质性状遗传效应分析

为了提高花生品质性状优势组合的选育效率,以5个花生材料为亲本,采用Griffing完全双列杂交配制20个组合,分析花生籽仁中粗脂肪含量、粗蛋白含量、蔗糖含量和脂肪酸组分等10个性状的配合力和遗传参数.配合力效应分析表明,豫花132(W191)的粗脂肪、硬脂酸、亚油酸、花生酸和山嵛酸含量等性状的一般配合力效应值最大,冀花...     

玉米子粒油分及不饱和脂肪酸含量的遗传效应

用10个油分及不饱和脂肪酸含量差异较大的优良自交系,按(5×5)配成不完全双列杂交组合,研究玉米子粒油分及不饱和脂肪酸性状的遗传效应。结果表明,油分主要受胚、胚乳、细胞质效应的影响;油酸、亚油酸主要受胚、胚乳、母体效应的控制,3个性状均以加性效应占主导地位。α-亚麻酸的胚效应最小,表现为加性效应且遗传率较高。4个性状胚乳、胚的遗传率均较高,且胚乳遗传率大于胚的遗传率。330、素湾1611、ZOL-1可用于提高油分;ZOL-3、ZOL-4、ZOL-5对提高油分和油酸有极显著效果;ZNL-1、330、1072、ZOL-1、ZOL-5可用于提高亚油酸;ZOL-4可作为提高α-亚麻酸的母本;ZOL-1可以同时提高油分、油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸。相关分析表明,油分与油酸极显著正相关(rP=0.612**);油分与亚油酸(rP=-0.504**)、油分与α-亚麻酸极显著负相关(rP=-0.277**),所有成对性状均以胚乳加性相关最强、胚加性相关次之。     

Characteristics, composition and thermal stability of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. seed oil

The chemical composition, main physicochemical properties and thermal stability of oil extracted from Acacia senegal seeds were evaluated. The oil, moisture and the ash contents of the seeds were 9.80%, 6.92% and 3.82%, respectively. Physicochemical properties of the oil were iodine value, 106.56 g/100 g of oil; saponification value, 190.23 mg KOH/g of oil; refractive index (25 °C), 1.471; unsaponifiable matter, 0.93%; acidity, 6.41% and peroxide value, 5.43 meq. O₂/kg of oil. The main fatty acids in the oil were oleic acid (43.62%) followed by linoleic acid (30.66%) and palmitic acid (11.04%). The triacylglycerols (TAGs) with equivalent carbon number ECN 44 (34.90%) were dominant, followed by TAGs ECN 46 (28.19%), TAGs ECN 42 (16.48%) and TAGs ECN 48 (11.23%). The thermal stability analysed in a normal oxidizing atmosphere showed that the oil decomposition began at 268.6 °C and ended at 618.5 °C, with two stages of decomposition at 401.5 °C and 576.3 °C. According to these results, A. senegal seed oil has physicochemical properties, fatty acids composition and thermal characteristics that may become interesting for specific applications in several segments of food and non-food industries.