我国罗非鱼产业现状分析及提高罗非鱼出口竞争力的措施

为了高值化利用罗非鱼副产物资源以及为酶解物-硒螯合物的产业化提供理论依据,本实验以罗非鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白(TSC)为原料,用4种蛋白酶对其进行酶解,分别获得了酸性蛋白酶酶解物(TSCAc)、木瓜蛋白酶酶解物(TSCP)、菠萝蛋白酶酶解物(TSCB)、碱性蛋白酶酶解物(TSCAl),以Na₂SeO₃为硒源,制备并筛选出硒螯合量最高的酶解物,测定酶解物及其硒螯合物的紫外光谱、荧光光谱、红外光谱、表面疏水性,并对酶解物及其硒螯合物的抗氧化性与抗氧化稳定性进行分析。结果显示,TSCAl的水解度(DH)最高(18.2%),其与硒螯合后的硒螯合量最高(153.5 mg/g),硒螯合率最高(23.7%),小分子量(500~1 000 u)的含量最高。其与硒螯合后,紫外光谱吸收峰强度增大,荧光光谱吸收峰由波长419.8 nm红移到422.0 nm且荧光强度减弱,疏水性在螯合后降低,表明TSCAl与硒螯合生成了新的物质。推测酰胺键、氨基的氮原子、羧基的氧原子可能参与了与硒的螯合反应。研究表明,碱性蛋白酶酶解物-硒螯合物(TSCAl-Se)具有良好的抗氧化性,其在不同温度、pH值以及经胃消化后皆具有稳定的抗氧化活性。本研究制备了一种新型罗非鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白酶解物-硒螯合物,为研究和开发硒元素膳食补充剂及抗氧化剂提供了理论依据。     

罗非鱼皮酶解物钙离子结合能力及其结合物的抗氧化活性

该研究利用中性蛋白酶、Protamex1.5L和碱性蛋白酶酶解罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)鱼皮,研究了各种酶解产物对钙离子(Ca~(2+))的结合能力,比较了酶解物结合Ca~(2+)后的抗氧化能力,并分析了结合物的傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)。结果显示,Protamex1.5L水解罗非鱼皮2 h的酶解产物具有最高的Ca~(2+)结合率(87.79%);3种罗非鱼皮酶解产物均存在抗氧化性,其中Protamex1.5L酶解罗非鱼皮产物的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率、·OH自由基清除率和还原力最高分别为51.46%、17.26%和0.09;罗非鱼皮酶解物(TSH)结合Ca~(2+)后,钙离子结合物(TSH-Ca)的DPPH自由基清除率和羟基自由基清除率减弱,还原力增强;FTIR分析结果表明了Ca~(2+)与TSH中氨基氮原子和羰基氧原子发生了结合。     

添加外源酶类对腌制罗非鱼品质的影响

该研究利用中性蛋白酶、Protamex1.5L和碱性蛋白酶酶解罗非鱼 (Oreochromis mossambicus) 鱼皮,研究了各种酶解产物对钙离子 (Ca²⁺) 的结合能力,比较了酶解物结合Ca²⁺后的抗氧化能力,并分析了结合物的傅里叶红外光谱 (FT-IR)。结果显示,Protamex1.5L水解罗非鱼皮2 h的酶解产物具有最高的Ca²⁺结合率 (87.79%);3种罗非鱼皮酶解产物均存在抗氧化性,其中Protamex1.5L酶解罗非鱼皮产物的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率、·OH自由基清除率和还原力最高分别为51.46%、17.26%和0.09;罗非鱼皮酶解物 (TSH) 结合Ca²⁺后,钙离子结合物 (TSH-Ca) 的DPPH自由基清除率和羟基自由基清除率减弱,还原力增强;FT-IR分析结果表明了Ca²⁺与TSH中氨基氮原子和羰基氧原子发生了结合。

     

罗非鱼皮胶原肽的酪氨酸酶抑制活性与铜离子结合活性研究

为探明罗非鱼(Oreochromis)鱼皮胶原蛋白肽能否有效抑制黑色素的生成,采用酶解法制备出罗非鱼皮酪氨酸酶抑制肽(Tilapia skin tyrosinase inhibitory peptides,TSTIP),并开展其酪氨酸酶(Tyrosinase,TYR)抑制活性与铜离子(Cu²⁺)结合活性的相关性研究。结果显示,罗非鱼皮经碱性蛋白酶酶解4 h后的产物具有最高的TYR抑制活性和Cu²⁺结合活性,且两者呈极显著正相关(R=0.856)。荧光光谱分析显示,TSTIP与TYR或Cu²⁺结合后其内源荧光吸收强度的下降趋势一致,同时紫外吸收增强,且最大吸收波长发生红移。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析显示,TYR与Cu²⁺主要通过羰基及氨基与TSTIP结合。圆二色谱分析显示,两种结合物中β-转角及无规则卷曲含量相对减少,β-折叠含量相对增多,该现象在TSTIP-Cu²⁺结合物中更加明显。结果表明,TSTIP结合TYR产生的结构变化与结合Cu²⁺相似,TSTIP可通...     

酶解罗非鱼鱼皮胶制备降血压肽的研究

为探讨罗非鱼鱼皮胶制备降血压肽的酶解工艺,研究选用Neutrase中性蛋白酶、Alcalase碱性内切蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶分别对罗非鱼鱼皮胶进行酶解,对其酶解液的水解度进行比较。结果表明复合蛋白酶的酶解效果最好。对复合蛋白酶的酶解工艺进行单因素优化,确定其最佳酶解工艺为:温度50℃、pH值7.0、料液比1∶5、酶量为底物量的1.5%。在此条件下水解6h时,水解度为60%,酶解产物对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的抑制率最高,达到78.96%。     

超声辅助酶法提取罗非鱼皮胶原蛋白及其溶解特性

以罗非鱼皮为原料,探究了超声辅助酶法提取罗非鱼皮胶原蛋白的最佳工艺及其溶解特性。采用超声功率、加酶量、超声时间作为单因素试验自变量,并进行响应面优化,求得使胶原蛋白得率最高的提取条件。将罗非鱼皮超声辅助酶法所得胶原蛋白(Ultrasonic pepsin-soluble collagen, UPSC)和常规酶法所得胶原蛋白(Pepsin-soluble collagen, PSC)进行蛋白得率、紫外光谱及溶解特性分析比较。结果显示：最优提取工艺为超声功率165 W、超声时间26 min、加酶量1.67%,此条件下UPSC得率(62.26%)显著高于PSC(29.02%)。紫外光谱分析得到二者的最大吸收峰均在230 nm而不是280 nm处,符合Ι型胶原蛋白特征。在不同pH条件下,UPSC的相对溶解度几乎均高于PSC。研究表明：超声辅助酶法是一种高效、环保、简便的提取罗非鱼皮胶原蛋白的方法,适合工业化生产。本研究不但提供了超声辅助酶法提取罗非鱼皮胶原蛋白的最佳工艺,而且所得胶原蛋白得率高、相对溶解度较好,为其在食品加工方面的应用提供了依据。     

罗非鱼活性肽分离及抗氧化能力研究

利用正交试验L9(34),以清除超氧自由基能力为指标,分别对木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶水解罗非鱼肉的水解条件进行优化,并对最佳清除率下的两种酶解物进行Sephadex G-50凝胶柱分离,检测了各组分对超氧自由基清除率及活性肽分子量分布情况.结果表明:中性蛋白酶在45 ℃、酶的质量分数2.0%、水解105 min及肉水比1∶3的水解条件下对超氧自由基有较好清除作用;木瓜蛋白酶在60 ℃、酶的质量分数2.0%、时间150 min及肉水比1∶2的水解条件下对超氧自由基有较好清除效果.木瓜蛋白酶酶解物在分子量为660 Da的多肽洗脱峰具有最大超氧自由基清除率,中性蛋白酶酶产物在分子量为1320 Da多肽洗脱峰具有最大超氧自由基清除率.     

鲢酶解物对羟自由基的清除作用

通过测定酶解物对Fenton体系产生的羟自由基的清除效果，从胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、枯草杆菌蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶5种酶中，筛选出木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶作为酶解鲢制备具有较高清除羟自由基活性酶解物的理想水解酶；用正交试验L9(3^4)对两种酶的水解条件进行了优化，并对最佳酶解条件下得到的酶解物进行Sephadex G-25凝胶柱分离，洗脱液分别在波长280nm处比色，测定酶解物中主要抗氧化活性肽的分子量分布。结果表明，木瓜蛋白酶在温度50℃、酶解时间15min、pH=6．5、酶质量分数1．50％、底物：水=1：2的水解条件下，酶解物对羟自由基清除效果较好，清除率为88．2％；胰蛋白酶在温度55℃、酶解时间60min、pH=8．0、酶质量分数0．25％、底物：水=1：2的水解条件下，酶解物对羟自由基清除效果较好，清除率为84．2％。木瓜蛋白酶酶解物在最大洗脱峰时有最大羟自由基清除率峰，清除率为95．1％，在最大峰处酶解物中活性肽的分子量为2．2kDa；胰蛋白酶酶解物在最大洗脱峰时也有最大羟自由基清除率峰，其清除率为89．6％，该峰处活性肽的分子量为14．2kDa。     

鲢鱼鱼皮蛋白肽的制备与抗氧化活性评价

为制备抗氧化活性良好的鲢鱼鱼皮蛋白肽,采用胰蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶等4种常见的商业酶对鲢鱼鱼皮进行酶解,测定酶解物的ABTS自由基清除力和Fe2+螯合力来评价其抗氧化活性,并用超滤及凝胶层析对酶解物进行分离,以期得到活性更好的酶解物分离组分。酶解后产物的抗氧化活性均有所提高,其中碱性蛋白酶酶解2 h产物活性较强。对此酶解物用截留分子量为10 k Da、5 k Da和3 k Da的中空纤维超滤膜进行超滤,得到的4个组分中,分子量越小的组分抗氧化活性越强。分子量小于3 k Da的组分经Sephadex G-15凝胶层析得到3个组分,其中分子量最大的组分活性较好,在0.51 mg/m L质量浓度下测定其ABTS自由基清除率和Fe~(2+)螯合力分别为(79.65±0.87)%和(93.40±0.20)%。该研究成果对鲢鱼鱼皮抗氧化肽的开发具有较好的指导作用。     

大口黑鲈鱼皮胶原蛋白肽的制备及抗氧化活性研究

罗非鱼皮富含胶原蛋白,是一种制备生物活性肽的理想原料。以罗非鱼皮为原料,采用酶解法制备罗非鱼皮胶原酶抑制肽 (Tilapia skin collagenase inhibitory peptide, TSCIP),并对其胶原酶抑制活性与金属离子结合活性的相关性进行研究,以期为罗非鱼加工副产物的高值化利用与食物蛋白源胶原酶抑制剂的研发提供参考。结果表明,罗非鱼皮经碱性蛋白酶酶解4 h后的产物具有最高的胶原酶抑制活性和锌离子 (Zn²⁺)、镁离子 (Mg²⁺) 结合活性,并探明其主要由小分子肽 (<1 000 D占85.65%) 组成。紫外、傅里叶变换红外光谱以及圆二色谱分析显示,TSCIP与Zn²⁺、Mg²⁺以及胶原酶结合后其二级结构发生了变化,β-折叠含量明显增加;Zn²⁺、Mg²⁺ 主要通过羧基氧、氨基氮原子以及羰基与TSCIP结合,胶原酶主要通过氨基氮原子以及羰基与TSCIP结合。

     

Effects of dietary selenium on the growth,selenium status,antioxidant activities,muscle composition and meat quality of blunt snout bream,Megalobrama amblycephala

An 8‐week feeding trial was performed to investigate effects of dietary selenium (sodium selenite, Na₂SeO₃; selenium nanoparticle, Nano‐Se; selenium yeast, Se‐yeast) on the growth, selenium status, antioxidant activities, muscle composition and meat quality of blunt snout bream. Na₂SeO₃ and Nano‐Se were supplemented at 0.2 mg Se kg^?1, and Se‐yeast was supplemented at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg Se kg^?1 in basal diet; no Se was added as a control. The results indicated that groups of 0.2 and 0.4 mg kg^?1 Se‐yeast had significantly higher weight gain and Nano‐Se, 0.2, 0.4 mg kg^?1 Se‐yeast had significantly lower feed conversation ratio compared with the control group. The Se concentrations of whole body, muscle and liver linearly increased with increasing dietary Se‐yeast levels. Group of 0.4 mg kg^?1 Se‐yeast significantly increased activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Muscle colour of Nano‐Se, 0.2, 0.4 mg kg^?1 Se‐yeast groups, the water‐holding capacity of 0.4, 0.8 mg kg^?1 Se‐yeast groups showed significant differences compared with the control group. The results suggest that Se‐yeast and Nano‐Se had a better growth performance than Na₂SeO₃ at 0.2 mg Se kg^?1, and supplementing appropriate Se‐yeast in diet can increase antioxidant activities and enhance meat quality of blunt snout bream.     

Effects of replacing plant proteins with rubber seed meal on growth,nutrient utilization and blood biochemical parameters of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus)

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing plant proteins with rubber seed meal (RSM) on growth, nutrient utilization and blood biochemical parameters of juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Five experimental diets were formulated with 0, 65, 130, 195 and 260 g kg^?1 RSM replacing graded levels of a mixture of plant proteins, respectively. Dietary RSM inclusion level up to 260 g kg^?1 did not affect growth and feed utilization. Fish fed diets with 65–130 g kg^?1 RSM showed the highest feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio. However, high inclusion of RSM (260 g kg^?1) markedly reduced the hepatic protease, lipase and amylase activities, and thereby decreased the dry matter and crude protein digestibilities. Similarly, plasma superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities were depressed by high inclusion of RSM. These results indicate that dietary RSM inclusion level up to 195 g kg^?1 did not affect the growth and health status of tilapia, whereas a further inclusion of RSM might result in reduced feed digestibility and antioxidant capacity of tilapia.     

Effects of temperature and feed processing on protease activity and dietary protease on growths of white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,and tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus

Effects of temperature and processing on the stability of a commercial protease were assessed in an in vitro trial followed by growth trials with white shrimp and tilapia. Results showed that the protease has a high heat stability against pelleting, and it could hydrolyse dietary proteins during feed processing. In Exp. 2, white shrimp (3.3 g) fed low fish meal (FM) diet (LFD) with protease addition had similar growth to that fed high fish meal diet, and both had higher weight gain (WG) and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) than that fed LFD without protease addition (P < 0.05). In Exp. 3, compressed (CD) or extruded (ED) diets containing 30 g kg^?1 or 90 g kg^?1 FM were supplemented with or without protease and then fed to tilapia (1.7 g) for 8 weeks. WG was improved and FCR decreased (P < 0.05) by the supplementation of protease in 30 g kg^?1 FMCD, but not in 90 g kg^?1 FMCD and ED diets when compared to those diets without protease supplementation. The digestibility trial with CD indicated the improved apparent digestibilities of dry matter and crude protein by dietary protease in 30 g kg^?1 FMCD, but not in 90 g kg^?1 FMCD. Results above showed that the protease has a high heat stability and the supplementation of protease in CD with low FM level can improve the growth of shrimp and tilapia.     

Recruitment control and production of Tilapia aurea (Steindachner) with the predator,Cichlasoma managuense (Günther)

The effects of different stocking rates and ratios of Tilapia aurea (Steindachner) in combination with Cichlasoma managuense (Günther) on tilapia recruitment and production were evaluated in 440 m² ponds. The research was conducted at the National Fisheries Station in El Salvador, Central America.The tilapia A_T value, the total weight of marketable tilapia (14 cm or larger) expressed as a percentage of the total weight of the whole tilapia population, averaged 96 or greater at a stocking ratio of 4:1 (fingerling tilapia: fingerling C. managuense) and at a stocking ratio of 8:1 (fingerling tilapia: adult C. managuense). Tilapia A_T values at a stocking ratio of 8:1 (fingerling tilapia: fingerling C. managuense) ranged from 71–89.Highest estimated annual production of marketable tilapia (3611 kg ha^?1) occurred at the highest stocking rate of 12000 tilapia ha^?1 in populations with an average tilapia A_T value of 98. Greatest weight gain of marketable tilapia (167 g of 1.17 g day^?1) occurred at the lowest stocking rate of 6000 tilapia ha^?1 in populations with an average tilapia A_T value of 99.Estimated annual production of marketable C. managuense ranged from 212–414 kg ha^?1. The average weight gain of marketable fish varied from 48–60 g (0.32–0.40 g day^?1). The average C. managuense, A_T value was 54, ranging from 29–84.The estimated production of marketable fish of both species at stocking rates of 6000, 9000 and 12000 tilapia ha^?1 in populations with tilapia A_T values of 96 or greater averaged 3295, 3290 and 4025 kg ha^?1 per year, respectively.     

Pond farming of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), in northern Cameroon. Feeding combinations of cottonseed cake and brewery waste in fingerling culture, hand-sexed male monosex culture, and mixed culture with police-fish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell)

Twelve production trials were analysed retrospectively, covering three different rearing methods in which Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), were fed with combinations or cottonseed cake and brewery waste. Highest extrapolated net pond productions, including tilapia recruits, were obtained in tilapia fingerling rearing (W₀ <10 g; 11.8 t ha^?1 year^?1). Stocking African catfish, as police-fish (0.2 catfish m^?2) in mixed tilapia (W₀ > 90 g) culture was effective in controlling tilapia recruitment, but net pond production was low (4.1 t ha^?1 year^?1). Hand-sexing of male tilapias (W₀ > 90 g) only limited recruitment but resulted in a significantly higher net pond production (8.6 t ha^?1 year^?1) than in mixed culture. Extrapolated marketable production in the treatment stocked with hand-sexed tilapia males (tilapia only) was also higher than the extrapolated marketable production in the mixed culture treatment (tilapia and catfish combined), although this difference was not significant. Extrapolated net pond production and extrapolated net tilapia production were both significantly correlated to the daily feeding rate of cottonseed cake but not to the daily feeding rate of brewery waste. The high relative FCRs of the feed mixture were probably due to the brewery waste.     

Pond farming of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), in northern Cameroon. Mixed culture of large tilapia (> 200 g) with cattle manure and cottonseed cake as pond inputs, and African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), as police-fish

An experiment was conducted with tilapia-catfish polyculture at the Lagdo Fisheries Station in northern Cameroon. The objectives were: 1. To estimate the effect of supplementary cottonseed cake on net pond production in ponds already receiving dried cattle manure as basic treatment: and 2. To study the performance of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). in recruitment control of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Recruitment control is essential in obtaining large tilapia sizes demanded in the market. Cottonseed cake, the most important agricultural by-product in the region, is expensive. Dried cattle manure may be collected free from corrals deserted by pastoral ethnic groups. Three treatments were tested in duplo in six earthen ponds of 525 m² each; treatment A. daily application of dried cattle manure only (266 kg ha^?1 day^?1); treatment B, daily manure + cottonseed at a nominal daily rate of 3% of tilapia biomass: treatment C, daily manure + cottonseed cake at 6% of tilapia biomass. Stocking densities per pond were 250 male Nile tilapia (mean W_o 222 g), 150 female tilapia (W₀= 202 g), 30 ‘large’ African catfish (W_o= 198 g); and 30 ‘small’ catfish (W₀= 52 g). Mean fish densities were 0.76 tilapia m^?2 and 0.11 catfish m^?2. Application of dried manure and cottonseed cake was 6 days per week, and the culture period was 100 days. Fish were sampled every month and feeding rates were adjusted accordingly. Dissolved oxygen content and algal turbidity (Secchi disc) were measured once a week. Extrapolated net pond productions, including recruits, were: -0.41 ha^?1 year^?1 (treatment A); 4.8 t ha^?1 year^?1 (treatment B) and 6.5 t ha^?1 year^?1 (treatment C). Differences between treatments B and C were not significant(P < 0.05). Fertilization with dried cattle manure only (zero cottonseed cake) led to a negative net pond production in treatment A (negative net tilapia production but slightly positive net catfish production). Dried manure at the given application rate did not contribute sufficient nutrients to maintain the stocked fish biomass via enhanced natural production, while pond biomass was high for such an extensive system (manure only). Best fish growth was observed in treatment C (male tilapia, 0.9 gday^?1: large catfish, 6.9 g day^?1) although differences between treatments B and C were not significant. Growth of male and female was not significantly different, but growth rates of tilapia and catfish were significantly different (P & lt; 0.05). Average yields of tilapia recruits in treatment B (1539 kg ha^?1 year^?1) and C (1829 kg ha^?1year^?1) were about four times the average yield of recruits in treatment A (468 kg ha^?1 year^?1) but differences between treatments A, B and C were not significant. It was sugcess, or the reproductive efficiency of tilapia in treatment A could have been lower as a result of that treatment. However, clouds of up-swimming fry appeared to be at least as numerous in the replicate ponds of treatment A as in the ponds of treatments B and C.     

Effectiveness of eugenol sedation to reduce the metabolic rates of cool and warm water fish at high loading densities

Effects of eugenol (AQUI‐S^®20E, 10% active eugenol) sedation on cool water, yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill), and warm water, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. fish metabolic rates were assessed. Both species were exposed to 0, 10, 20 and 30 mg L^?1 eugenol using static respirometry. In 17°C water and loading densities of 60, 120 and 240 g L^?1, yellow perch controls (0 mg L^?1 eugenol) had metabolic rates of 329.6–400.0 mg O₂ kg^?1 h^?1, while yellow perch exposed to 20 and 30 mg L^?1 eugenol had significantly reduced metabolic rates of 258.4–325.6 and 189.1–271.0 mg O₂ kg^?1 h^?1 respectively. Nile tilapia exposed to 30 mg L^?1 eugenol had a significantly reduced metabolic rate (424.5 ± 42.3 mg O₂ kg^?1 h^?1) relative to the 0 mg L^?1 eugenol control (546.6 ± 53.5 mg O₂ kg^?1 h^?1) at a loading density of 120 g L^?1 in 22°C water. No significant differences in metabolic rates for Nile tilapia were found at 240 or 360 g L^?1 loading densities when exposed to eugenol. Results suggest that eugenol sedation may benefit yellow perch welfare at high densities (e.g. live transport) due to a reduction in metabolic rates, while further research is needed to assess the benefits of eugenol sedation on Nile tilapia at high loading densities.     

Effects of Cu2+-exchanged montmorillonite on intestinal microflora, digestibility and digestive enzyme activities of Nile tilapia

A total of 360 Nile tilapia at an average initial body weight of 3.9 g were randomly allocated to four treatments, each of which had three replicates of 30 fish per tank and used to investigate the effects of Cu²⁺‐exchanged montmorillonite (Cu‐MMT) on intestinal microflora, digestibility and digestive enzyme activities. The dietary treatments were: (i) basal diet, (ii) basal diet + 1.5 g kg^?1 MMT; (iii) basal diet + 30 mg kg^?1 copper as CuSO₄ (equivalent to the copper in the Cu‐MMT treatment group), or (iv) basal diet + 1.5 g kg^?1 Cu‐MMT. The results showed that supplementation with Cu‐MMT significantly improved growth performance as compared with the control and fish fed with Cu‐MMT had higher growth performance than those fed with MMT or CuSO₄. Supplementation with Cu‐MMT reduced (P < 0.05) the total intestinal aerobic bacterial counts and affected the composition of intestinal microflora with Aeromonas, Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Acinetobacter, Alcaligence, Enterobacteriaceae decreasing as compared with the control. Addition of MMT improved (P < 0.05) the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein, and the activities of intestinal amylase, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase as compared with the control. Addition of Cu‐MMT improved (P < 0.05) the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and crude ash, and the activities of total protease, amylase, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase as compared with the control. While supplementation with CuSO₄ had no (P > 0.05) effect on intestinal microflora, digestibility, and digestive enzyme activities the results showed that Cu‐MMT exhibited antibacterial activity in vivo resulting in a positive effect on digestive enzyme activities, and then promoted the digestion and absorption of dietary nutrition.