Relationships among serum characteristics and performance and carcass traits in growing pigs

Twelve blood serum components were determined on 78 barrows and 66 gilts, serially slaughtered at six age groups, starting at 69 d, at 2-wk intervals. One-half of the animals were fed ad libitum and one-half were fed "time restricted". Partial correlations between production and carcass traits and serum components were calculated from the residuals of the least-squares analysis. Calcium, serum protein and albumin were highly (P less than .01) correlated with several production and carcass traits. Creatinine was positively correlated (P less than .05) with backfat, loin fat, and percent dissected muscle and bone. Alkaline phosphatase showed a positive relationship with average daily gain (P less than .05) and percent dissected bone (P less than .01). A stepwise regression analysis was used to examine simultaneously the relative predictive value of the blood serum components. The nitrogenous compounds, which included albumin, total protein, urea and creatinine, were the most important predictors of performance (avg daily gain, feed conversion) and carcass composition. However, most of the serum components were not related to the performance and carcass composition traits.     

Glycosylated albumin and serum protein in diabetic dogs

Glycosylated albumin and glycosylated protein in serum were measured in 4 well-controlled diabetic dogs, 4 poorly controlled diabetic dogs, and 21 nondiabetic dogs. Concentrations of both glycosylated components in the well-controlled dogs were similar to those in nondiabetic dogs. Serum concentrations of glycosylated albumin and protein in the poorly controlled diabetic dogs were higher (P less than 0.001) than those of the nondiabetic and well-controlled diabetic dogs. Because of the essentially irreversible nature of the glycosylation reaction and the relatively short turnover time of albumin and other serum proteins, measurements of glycosylated serum components may provide an index of glycemia during the preceding days or weeks.     

Effects of immune challenge on concentrations of serum insulin-like growth factor-I and growth performance in pigs

This study was designed to determine the long-term effects of repeated endotoxin treatment or immunization against human serum albumin on concentrations of serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and other indicators of growth performance in growing pigs. Thirty gilts (38.5 +/- 0.9 kg) were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups (n = 6 animals/group): 1) lipopolysaccharide injections, 2) lipopolysaccharide pair-fed, 3) human serum albumin immunization, 4) human serum albumin pair-fed, and 5) control. Pigs in the lipopolysaccharide group were treated intramuscularly with lipopolysaccharide on Days 0-3. The pigs in the human serum albumin group were immunized with human serum albumin emulsified in Freund's adjuvant on Day 0 and administered a booster on Day 28. The lipopolysaccharide pair-fed pigs were matched by body weight and pair-wise fed with pigs treated with lipopolysaccharide. Similarly, human serum albumin pair-fed pigs were matched to human serum albumin immunized pigs. Serum IGF-I concentrations did not differ between or within groups. There was no difference in feed disappearance between groups prior to the initiation of treatments. The lipopolysaccharide group had a decrease (P = 0.013) in feed disappearance on Day 0 compared with control and human serum albumin groups. On Day 1, both lipopolysaccharide and human serum albumin groups differed (P < 0.05) from control. Average daily gain and total weight gain did not differ between groups; however, feed efficiency differed (P < 0.05) between lipopolysaccharide and control groups. Long-term effects of repeated endotoxin challenge or immunization on IGF-I concentrations and growth were not evident in the present study. This failure presumably was due to the development of endotoxin tolerance and a relatively innocuous vaccination against human serum albumin.     

饲粮铜水平对冬毛期雌性蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化率、血清生化指标及毛皮品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮铜水平对冬毛期雌性蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化率、血清生化指标及毛皮品质的影响。试验选取115日龄左右的健康雌性蓝狐50只,随机分成5组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只。以五水硫酸铜(Cu SO_4·5H_2O)为铜源,在基础饲粮中分别添加0、12.22、32.22、72.22、152.22 mg/kg的铜配成5种试验饲粮,5种试验饲粮铜水平分别为7.78(Ⅰ组,作为对照组)、20(Ⅱ组)、40(Ⅲ组)、80(Ⅳ组)、160 mg/kg(Ⅴ组)。预试期为7 d,正试期为60 d。结果表明:1)Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组蓝狐的平均日增重显著高于对照组(P0.05),料重比显著低于对照组(P0.05);各组蓝狐的终末体重及平均日采食量差异不显著(P0.05)。2)各组蓝狐的干物质消化率、蛋白质消化率及氮沉积差异不显著(P0.05);Ⅲ、Ⅳ组蓝狐的脂肪消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05),其他各组间差异不显著(P0.05);铜排出量随着饲粮铜水平的升高极显著的增加(P0.01)。3)Ⅴ组蓝狐血清总蛋白和白蛋白含量显著高于对照组和Ⅱ组(P0.05);Ⅴ组蓝狐血清尿素氮含量显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05);各组蓝狐血清铜蓝蛋白活性差异不显著(P0.05),Ⅳ组蓝狐血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于对照组及Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P0.05)。4)Ⅴ组蓝狐肝脏铜含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),血清铜、锌、铁含量各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。5)饲粮铜水平并未显著影响蓝狐的体长和干皮长(P0.05);Ⅲ和Ⅴ组蓝狐针毛长和绒毛长显著大于Ⅱ和Ⅳ组(P0.05);Ⅴ组蓝狐皮张颜色显著深于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,在饲粮中添加32.22 mg/kg铜即铜水平为40.00 mg/kg时,冬毛期雌性蓝狐可获得较好的生长性能、营养物质消化率及毛皮品质,同时铜的排放量较低。     

Physiologic aging of mature porcine erythrocytes: effects of various metabolites, antimetabolites, and physical stressors

Red blood cells were collected from Landrace X Duroc pigs in pooled and single batches. The RBC were stored for 24 hours to 20 days and exposed to 1 or more chemical and physical stressors. The chemicals were pyruvate, lactate, inosine, concanavalin A-luminol-bovine serum albumin conjugate, hydrogen peroxide, L-mimosine, and 3-amino-L-tyrosine. Physical stressors included thermogenic microwave radiation (2,450 MHz, mean specific absorption rate of 91 W/kg) and conventional heating with hot air or hot-water bath. Heating erythrocytes to 43 C for 10 minutes with microwaves or hot air did not significantly (P greater than 0.05) increase hemolysis, compared with hemolysis of RBC at 4 C (controls). Pyruvate or lactate did not affect the RBC under these conditions. Hemolysis of cells coated with concanavalin A-luminol-bovine serum albumin and heated to 43 C for 10 minutes by use of microwaves or hot air was significantly (P less than 0.05 by Student's t test) greater (48%) than that of RBC at 4 C (controls). The method of heating or the presence of pyruvate, lactate, or inosine did not have a significant (P greater than 0.05) effect on hemolysis. Lysis of RBC (14 days after collection) coated with concanavalin A-luminol-bovine serum albumin and stored at 4 C was not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) than that of noncoated cells (6 days after collection) stored at 4 C (control). When RBC were heated 20 days after collection to 48 C for 30 minutes, using a hot water bath, hemolysis was 60.6% greater than that of control cells (4 C).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effects of poly I:C in porcine iron deficient neutropenia

Withholding iron dextran treatment normally given to pigs at 1-3 days of age to prevent anemia resulted also in neutropenia. Polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) at 0.5 mg/kg IV at 25 days of age resulted in induction of putative interferon 2 to 24 hours later, with significantly (P less than 0.05) lower concentrations in iron-deficient (Fe-) female pigs than in iron-supplemented (Fe+) female pigs. Poly I:C caused several transient toxic manifestations, including elevations in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, potassium (K), total bilirubin and phosphorus (P), marked leukopenia (both neutropenia and lymphopenia), and declines in serum albumin, calcium, cholesterol, glucose and globulin. Certain blood chemistries before poly I:C were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) different: albumin, globulin, cholesterol and K were higher in females than in males; albumin, globulin, glucose, P and K were higher in Fe- than in Fe+ pigs; and total carbon dioxide was higher in Fe+ than in Fe- pigs.     

高温与高密度对黄羽肉鸡血液生化指标和免疫机能的影响

试验选用 2 8日龄健康快大岭南黄羽肉鸡 ,采用 2 (环境温度 )× 2 (饲养密度 )因子随机分组设计 ,根据体重和性别一致原则随机分为 4组 ,每组 4个重复 ,试验饲粮各组一致。试验期 42d。结果表明 :高温与高密度对试验鸡血液生化指标、免疫指标及免疫器官重与比例具有不同程度的影响 ,而且两者对试验鸡血清Na+ 、尿酸氮、总蛋白、白蛋白含量、白蛋白 /球蛋白比值、CD8+ 含量和法氏囊重及其比例影响存在显著或极显著互作。     

Effect of water and feed withdrawal and health status on blood and serum components, body weight loss, and meat and carcass characteristics of Holstein slaughter cows

During marketing, cattle may be exposed to periods of water deprivation. The impact of water and feed access and health status on the physiological well-being and carcass characteristics of Holstein slaughter cows during preslaughter marketing was studied through analysis of serum components, BW loss percentage, and fresh meat composition. Ninety-one multiparous Holstein cows (609 ± 89 kg mean BW, 2.9 ± 0.5 mean BCS, varying stage of lactation) were purchased over 3 wk in 3 groups (n = 31, 29, and 31) at a terminal market in central Wisconsin. Each cow was screened to determine health status (sick or not sick) and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 water and feed withdrawal treatment pens (AL, ad libitum access to water for 36 h; 18H, 18 h of ad libitum access to water followed by 18 h of water withdrawal; 36H, 36 h of water withdrawal; all 3 treatments included 36 h of feed withdrawal) in a randomized complete block arrangement with repeated measures for serum components. Blood samples were collected by tail venipuncture at 0, 9, 18, 27, and 36 h of each treatment. Ambient temperatures were 1.9 ± 6.2°C during the trial period, which occurred over a 3-wk period in March and April 2007 near Arlington, WI. No difference (P > 0.05) was observed in mean serum cortisol in AL (18.41 ± 2.17 ng/mL) or 36H (22.98 ± 2.17 ng/mL). Mean serum glucose was greater (P < 0.05) in 36H pens (78.15 ± 0.77 mg/dL) than AL (75.91 ± 0.77 mg/dL). Mean serum creatinine was greater (P < 0.05) in 36H pens (0.71 ± 0.03 mg/dL) than AL (0.60 ± 0.03 mg/dL). The 36H pens also displayed increased (P < 0.05) serum albumin, anion gap, Ca, Cl, Na, cholesterol, and aspartate aminotransferase over AL. Greater (P < 0.05) mean percentage BW loss was observed in 36H pens (5.2 ± 0.6%) than AL (3.1 ± 0.6%). Mean muscle protein (%) was greater (P < 0.05) in 36H (22.2 ± 0.4%) than 18H (21.3 ± 0.4%). Mean muscle moisture (%) was greater (P < 0.05) in AL and 18H (75.3 ± 0.4% and 75.2 ± 0.4%) than 36H. Mean 24-h pH values were 5.92 (AL), 5.92 (18H), and 5.81 (36H; SE = 0.04) and were not different (P < 0.05). Observed pH and color values indicated a borderline dark-cutter state across all cattle in the study, regardless of water and feed access treatment. Based on these results, water and feed withdrawal in lairage should not exceed 18 h during the marketing of Holstein slaughter cows acclimated to springtime conditions to maintain BW, serum component concentrations, and fresh meat composition.     

Serum biochemistry of Zebu bulls and their Friesian crosses fed two planes of protein

Twenty-one Bunaji (White Fulani, Zebu) and 21 Friesian X Bunaji cross-bred bull calves, approximately 6 months of age, were each divided after weaning into two groups and fed isocaloric rations containing 14.45% (high protein) and 8.51% (low protein) crude protein for 10 months. Serum samples were collected biweekly for 10 months and analysed for serum proteins. Age had no significant effect. The Bunaji had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher total protein, albumin, and alpha 1-globulin than Friesian X Bunaji. While there was no significant difference in body condition score between the two breeds, the Friesian X Bunaji had a significantly (P less than 0.05) higher growth rate. Animals on high protein diets had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher total protein, albumin, alpha 2-globulin, gamma-globulin and total globulin than those on low protein. However, alpha 1-globulin and beta-globulin were not significantly (P greater than 0.05) different for the two treatment groups.     

代乳品和开口料对哺乳中后期羔羊生长性能血清生化指标和营养物质表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究代乳品和开口料的饲喂对哺乳中后期羔羊生长性能、血清生化指标和营养物质表观消化率的影响。选择体重相近的30日龄羔羊75只,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复5只。各组分别饲喂代乳品1+开口料(A组)、代乳品1(B组)、代乳品2(C组)、母乳+开口料(D组)和母乳(E组)。分别在30、40、50、60、70日龄称重并对体尺进行测量,68~70日龄连续收集3 d粪样测定营养物质表观消化率,在70日龄颈静脉采血测定血清生化指标。结果表明:1)30、40、50、60、70日龄D组体重、体长、体高、胸围高于A、E组,E组高于B组,B组与C组间差异不显著(P0.05);但60~70日龄期间,A组平均日增重显著高于D组(P0.05),B组显著高于E组(P0.05)。2)血清尿素氮含量及谷丙转氨酶、谷氨酰转移酶、乳酸脱氢酶活性组间差异不显著(P0.05);血清总蛋白和甘油三酯含量D组显著高于A组(P0.05),E组血清甘油三酯含量显著高于B、C组(P0.05);血清白蛋白和球蛋白含量A、D、E组之间差异不显著(P0.05),但D组有增高趋势,E组显著高于B、C组(P0.05);血清葡萄糖含量A、D、E组显著高于B、C组(P0.05);A组血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于其他各组(P0.05);B、C组之间上述血清生化指标差异均不显著(P0.05)。3)各营养物质采食量A组显著高于B、C组(P0.05),B、C组之间差异不显著(P0.05);干物质、钙、磷表观消化率差异不显著(P0.05);粗蛋白质、总能、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率A组显著高于B、C组(P0.05),且B、C组差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,代乳品和开口料的饲喂对羔羊生长性能、血清生化指标及营养物质表观消化率有不同程度的影响,羔羊代乳品加开口料的饲喂模式可实现羔羊的早期断奶,具有一定的推广价值。     

Age-related changes in protein concentrations in serum and respiratory tract lavage fluid obtained from cats.

Total protein concentrations was determined in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and nasal flush fluid obtained from specific-pathogen-free cats from birth to maturity and from adult conventionally raised cats. Protein components were analyzed by immunoelectrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. Albumin, and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-globulins were among the proteins identified in BAL fluid, and their isoelectric point ranged from 3.1 to 5.1. gamma-Globulin was not detected in serum or BAL fluid of newborn kittens before they had ingested colostrum. By day 3 after ingestion of colostrum, IgG was detected in high concentration in serum and was the predominant immunoglobulin in serum and BAL fluid of older cats. Nasal flush fluid from cats greater than 6 months old contained albumin, and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-globulins, with IgA being the predominant immunoglobulin. Total protein concentration in nasal flush fluid increased progressively with increasing age, and albumin was the predominant protein. Protein concentration was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in BAL fluid from conventionally raised adult cats than in that from specific-pathogen-free cats.     

Serum protein electrophoretic pattern in young and adult camels

OBJECTIVE: To compare the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in clinically healthy adult camels (between 3 and 8 years of age) and camel calves (less than 3 months of age). DESIGN: Laboratory analysis of serum from healthy camels. PROCEDURE: Blood was collected from 30 healthy adult camels and 30 camel calves and the serum separated. Total protein of each serum sample was estimated by automated chemistry analyser. The proteins were fractionated by automated electrophoresis on agarose gel. RESULTS: Serum proteins migrated on the agarose gel as one albumin, two alpha (alpha1 and alpha2-globulins), two beta (beta1 and beta2-globulins) and one gamma-globulin fractions. In adult camels the mean concentration of total protein, albumin alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2 and gamma-globulins was 56.8 +/- 1.5, 30.7 +/- 0.8, 2.4 +/- 0.1, 3.2 +/- 0.1, 9.7 +/- 0.3, 3.4 +/- 0.2 and 8.6 +/- 0.3 g/L, respectively. These values in calves were 49.7 +/- 1.8, 23.7 +/- 0.8, 3.2 +/- 0.2, 3.1 +/- 0.2, 14.2 +/- 0.2, 4.0 +/- 0.2 and 4.1 +/- 0.2 g/L, respectively. CONCLUSION: The concentration of total proteins, albumin and gamma-globulins was higher (P < 0.05) in the adult camels than in camel calves. The concentrations of beta1 globulins was higher (P < 0.05) in calves as compared to adult camels.     

Blood and serum components and organ weights in steers, bulls and zeranol-implanted bulls

To investigate certain physiological aspects of the mode of action of zeranol or Ralgro on growth, behavior and carcass quality of young bulls, concentrations of 19 blood components and weights of eight organs were determined. Experimental animals consisted of 36 untreated steers, 36 untreated bulls, 36 bulls implanted with zeranol at 3 mo of age and subsequently at 5, 8 and 10 mo and 36 bulls implanted with zeranol at 6 mo of age and subsequently at 9 and 11 mo. In addition, half of the animals in each group were subjected to moderate pre-slaughter stress (mixing and trucking 160 km); the other half was subjected to minimum pre-slaughter stress (no mixing and 4 km transport). Concentrations of cortisol, urea nitrogen and albumin in serum were higher (P less than .01) and those of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and creatinine were lower (P less than .05) in steers than in intact males. Concentrations of GOT, LDH, and creatinine were higher (P less than .05) in implanted than those in control males. Pre-slaughter stress had a significant effect on several traits measured in blood or serum. Thyroid glands were smaller (P less than .01) in steers than in control and implanted males. Testes were smaller (P less than .01) in the zeranol-implanted than in untreated males. Results indicate that zeranol had only a minor effect on the 19 blood components studied, but it did reduce testicle size. Castration had a major impact on several of the blood components. Pre-slaughter management had a significant effect on several blood components.     

Effects of active immunization against somatostatin (SRIF) and/or injections of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) during gestation on hormonal and metabolic profiles in sows.

The hormonal responses of gestating sows to immunization against somatostatin conjugated to bovine serum albumin (SRIF-IMM) and/or injections of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) were studied with thirty-eight second parity sows. Immunization against bovine serum albumin (BSA-IMM) was used as control. First immunizations were done on day 30 and boosters were given on days 44, 58, 72, 86 and 100 of gestation. Injections of GRF (9 mg of GRF (1-29)NH2 per injection) or saline were given at 0800, 1400 and 2000 hr daily from day 90 of gestation until parturition. Mean body weights of sows at 85 and 110 d of gestation were 196.3 and 210.5 kg, respectively (SE = 0.8). Jugular blood samples were collected from 0740 hr to 1100 hr at 20 min intervals on days 90, 101 and 112 of gestation. On day 112, additional samples were collected from 1340 hr to 1700 hr and from 2140 hr to 2300 hr. At 112 d of gestation, antibody titers against SRIF (% binding, 1:150 dilution) were higher (P less than 0.01) for SRIF-IMM (13.5%) vs BSA-IMM (0.95%) sows. There was no effect of SRIF-IMM nor was there a GRF by SRIF-IMM interaction on any variable measured (P greater than 0.05). Injections of GRF increased (P less than 0.01) the area under the curve (AUC) for growth hormone (GH; 305 vs 1623 ng/min/ml). The increase was greater as days of injection increased (P less than 0.05). Administration of GRF did not affect prolactin (Prl) AUC (P greater than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Pharmacokinetic and pathological evaluation of gentamicin in cats given a small intravenous dose repeatedly for five days.

Gentamicin was administered to six cats at a dosage of 3 mg/kg of body weight intravenously every 8 h for five days. Peak and trough serum gentamicin concentrations were measured after each injection. Gentamicin elimination rate and serum half-life were calculated. Serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, biochemistry profile, electrolyte, glucose, total protein, and albumin concentrations were measured daily. Urinalyses were performed before and after the five-day experimental period. The mean +/- SD peak serum gentamicin concentration was 7.19 +/- 1.10 micrograms/mL, and the trough concentration was 0.59 +/- 0.09 microgram/mL. These concentrations are known to be effective against most gentamicin-sensitive bacteria. The mean +/- SD gentamicin elimination rate was 0.0065 +/- 0.0004 min-1. The harmonic mean +/- pseudo standard deviation serum half-life of gentamicin was 107.21 +/- 12.79 min. There were no significant increases (P greater than 0.05) in clinicopathological variables. Microscopic examination of renal sections did not disclose pathological lesions. Signs of vestibular impairment were not observed. A dosage of 3 mg gentamicin/kg given intravenously every 8 h for five days was determined to be safe and to produce therapeutic blood levels in cats.     

蒙古马与纯血马血液生化指标、免疫指标和抗氧化指标的比较分析

为了研究正常生理情况下,蒙古马与纯血马的血液生化指标、免疫指标和抗氧化指标是否存在差异,对上述指标在血清中的含量进行测定。结果表明,测定的10项血液生化指标中,纯血马总蛋白、球蛋白和谷丙转氨酶的含量低于蒙古马,差异显著（P〈0.05）,而白蛋白、白蛋白与球蛋白比、胆固醇、酸性磷酸酶的含量显著高于蒙古马,差异显著（P〈0.05）。免疫指标测定结果显示,纯血马IgA、IgG的含量低于蒙古马,差异显著（P〈0.05）,而IgM的含量纯血马高于蒙古马,差异显著（P〈0.05）。抗氧化指标（超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛、羟自由基）测定中,纯血马与蒙古马之间无显著差异（P〉0.05）。该实验对马血液生化指标、免疫指标和抗氧化指标进行测定,以期对马匹疾病防治、抗病育种等研究提供参考。     

Effects of dietary copper on elemental balance,plasma minerals and serum biochemical parameters of growing-furring male mink(Mustela vison)

The objectives of this study were to study the effects of different levels of dietary copper on copper and zinc balance, plasma minerals and serum biochemical parameters of mink in the growing-furring periods. One hundred and five standard dark male mink were randomly assigned to seven groups with the following dietary treatments: basal diet with no supplemental Cu(Control); basal diet supplemented with either 6,12, 24, 48, 96, or 192 mg/kg Cu from copper sulfate,respectively. The average daily gain(ADG) linearly(P = 0.0026, P = 0.0006) responded to increasing levels of Cu; maximal growth was seen in the Cu24 group. Feed efficiency tended to improve with the increase of dietary copper level(linear P = 0.0010, quad, P = 0.0011). Fecal copper, urinary copper, retention copper responded in a linear(P 0.05) fashion with increasing level of Cu. The effect of level of Cu was linear(P 0.001) for plasma Cu concentration. The serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activities were increased linearly(P 0.05) with dose of Cu, but serum total protein(TP) and albumin(ALB) concentrations decreased linearly(P 0.05) as dietary copper levels increased. Effect of level of Cu was linear(P 0.001) for serum ceruloplasmin(CER) concentration or Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase(Cu-Zn SOD) activity. Supplemental dose of Cu linearly decreased serum triglyceride(TG)(P = 0.011) and total cholesterol(TC)(P = 0.007). Our results indicated that the activity of Cu-dependent enzymes was enhanced by increasing dietary Cu concentration and that supplementation of Cu in the diet of mink could alter the plasma lipid profile and copper concentration.     

繁殖母羊的氧化应激和氧化损伤研究

本试验旨在探究不同生殖阶段、胎次繁殖母羊的氧化应激及氧化损伤状态。试验1选取体重、体况相近的2~3胎空怀期、妊娠期(30、60、120 d)、分娩及哺乳期(21 d)的崇明白山羊各5只;试验2选取后备、1胎、2~3胎、4~5胎、6胎及以上的崇明白山羊母羊各5只。分别采集血样,测定血清自由基代谢指标[皮质醇、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量]、抗氧化指标[总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性]、氧化损伤指标[丙二醛(MDA)、8-异前列腺素-F2α(8-ISO-PGF2α)、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHDG)、蛋白质羰基化(PC)含量]。结果表明:试验1,从空怀期至哺乳期,血清皮质醇、H2O2含量呈先上升后降低的趋势,在分娩时达最高值,较空怀期显著提高(P0.05);血清T-AOC、SOD活性逐渐增强,且哺乳期21 d较空怀期显著提高(P0.05);血清MDA、8-ISO-PGF2α、PC含量先增加后趋于平稳,且在分娩时达最高,较空怀期显著提高(P0.05),血清8-OHDG含量逐渐增加,哺乳期21 d达到最高,较空怀期显著提高(P0.05)。试验2,随着母羊胎次的增加,血清中皮质醇含量无显著变化(P0.05),4~5胎、6胎及以上血清H2O2含量显著高于其他胎次(P0.05);血清TAOC无显著变化(P0.05),血清SOD及GSH-Px活性逐级递减,6胎及以上较后备母羊下降显著(P0.05);血清MDA、8-ISO-PGF2α、8-OHDG和PC含量逐渐增加,6胎及以上显著高于其他胎次(P0.05)。综上所述,伴随着妊娠的进行,母羊体内的自由基代谢逐渐增强,与此同时,体内的抗氧化水平也相应提高以维持氧化-抗氧化体系平衡,但在妊娠后期至哺乳期激增的活性氧自由基破坏了自由基稳衡体系,导致氧化应激和氧化损伤;随着母羊胎次的增加,抗氧化能力逐渐减弱,高胎次母羊氧化损伤严重。     

Udder edema: biochemical studies in Holstein cattle

Udder edema was studied in 9 affected and 3 control Holstein cows ranging in age from 2.5 to 8 years. A complete physical examination was done in conjunction with serum analysis for total protein, albumin, globulin, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus 2 weeks before parturition, at parturition and 2 weeks following parturition. Mammary interstitial fluid samples also were obtained from cows with udder edema and analyzed for total protein, albumin, globulin, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus. Clinical signs of udder edema appeared as early as 7 days prepartum and persisted for as long as 9 days postpartum. There were no significant differences in serum constituents between affected and control cows at the same stage of pregnancy or lactation. There was a significant difference (P less than or equal to 0.05) between serum and mammary interstitial fluid in the total protein, albumin, globulin and calcium concentrations.     

日粮添加不同水平酵母β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖对断奶仔猪生产性能和血清生理指标的影响

为了探讨酵母-β1,3/1,6-葡聚糖对断奶仔猪生产性能、血清理化指标的影响,试验选择品种一致,体重接近,公、母各半,日龄为(28±3)d的长×大二元断奶仔猪160头,随机分成4个处理组,分别连续添加(0、50、100和200mg/kg)的-β1,3/1,6-葡聚糖,试验期为28d。结果表明:断奶仔猪日粮中添加-β1,3/1,6-葡聚糖有提高血清总蛋白浓度的趋势(P<0.01),可极显著(P<0.01)提高血清球蛋白浓度,显著(P<0.05)降低血清总胆固醇浓度和LDL浓度,对血清甘油三酯浓度、HDL浓度和葡萄糖浓度均无显著影响(P>0.05)。同时也发现,断奶仔猪日粮中连续添加50mg/kg的β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖,可显著提高日增重及改善饲料转化率,显著(P<0.05)降低腹泻发生频率,有提高日采食量的趋势,各处理组死亡率无显著差异。剂量太高有提高腹泻发生率的趋势。上述试验表明,断奶仔猪日粮中添加50 mg/kg的β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖可调节其脂质代谢和蛋白质代谢,增强机体免疫功能,从而显著提高其生长性能。