新一代植酸酶的经济效益

现已证明，在酵母中产生的一种新型的6-植酸酶比其他在市场上供应的植酸酶的效率至少高20％。因为6-植酸酶与其他商品化的植酸酶相比，可进一步减少无机磷源的使用，从而降低生产成本以及磷的污染。     

Innovations in seafood preservation and storage

The increasing amount of farmed fish cannot be easily absorbed by the market as only fresh fish. The production and promotion of value-added fresh and processed fish products, which could fulfil consumers’ present demands, may represent a solution to this problem. The aim of this paper is to review some of the most recent technologies, such as surface decontamination, use of “natural” additives and compounds, active packaging, used or experimented with to prolong shelf life, while ensuring the safety of fresh fish and fishery products.     

山地-绿洲生态系统耦合模式与效益

以肃南作为山地类型，临泽作为绿洲类型，从肃南四季草地草畜系统动态模型出发，通过对山地—绿洲子系统的能流分析，为进一步提高经济效益与生态效益，山地系统应施行草畜种间耦合，并与绿洲系统耦合。同时提出了山地—绿洲生态系统耦合的3种模式及产生的经济效益。指出了冬季补饲还可减小草地牧压强度，提高生态效益。     

Prevotella-rich enterotype may benefit gut health in finishing pigs fed diet with a high amylose-to-amylopectin ratio

To investigate the influence of baseline enterotypes and dietary starch type on the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), numbers of butyrate producing bacteria and the expression of genes related to intestinal barrier and inflammatory response in the colon of finishing pigs, a 60-d in vivo trial was conducted. A 2-wk pre-trial with 102 crossbred (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire]) finishing barrows (90 d old) was conducted to screen enterotypes. Then, a total of 32 pigs (87.40 ± 2.76 kg) with high (HPBR, ≥ 14) and low (LPBR, ≤ 2) Prevotella-to-Bacteroides ratios (PBR) in equal measure were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates per group and 1 pig per replicate. The trial was designed following a 2 (PBR) × 2 (amylose-to-amylopectin ratio, AMR) factorial arrangement. Pigs with different PBR were fed diets based on corn-soybean meal with high AMR (HAMR, 1.24) or low AMR (LAMR, 0.23), respectively. Results showed that neither PBR nor AMR influenced the growth performance of pigs. HPBR pigs fed HAMR diet had a higher number of colonic Clostridium cluster XIVa and higher gene expression of butyrate kinase compared to the LPBR pigs (P < 0.05). The HPBR pigs fed HAMR diets also had increased colonic concentrations of total SCFA and propionate compared to the LPBR pigs (P < 0.05). Comparing with other pigs, HPBR pigs fed HAMR diets showed a lower (P < 0.05) expression of histone deacetylases (HDAC) gene and higher (P < 0.05) expression of G protein-coupled receptor 43 gene (GPR 43) in the colonic mucosa. The interaction (P < 0.05) of HPBR and HAMR was also found to decrease the gene expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in colonic mucosa. These findings show that HAMR diet increased the abundance and activity of butyrate-producing bacteria and the concentration and absorption of SCFA, which may be associated with the decreased gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in the colonic mucosa of pigs with Prevotella-rich enterotype. All these alterations are likely to have a positive effect on the intestinal health of finishing pigs.     

副溶血弧菌海产品分离株及临床分离株的多位点序列分型

选取毒力调控基因toxRS和看家基因gyrB、recA作为靶基因,对浙江沿海地区40株副溶血弧菌海产品分离株与8株临床分离株进行多位点序列分型。toxRS的多态性位点比例(10.2%)虽低于gyrB(12.0%)与recA(25.4%),但与gyrB均可分辨出最多的序列型(38),具有最强的分辨力(0.986)。3个基因串联后可分出44个序列型,分辨力达0.994。副溶血弧菌分离株呈现出较大的多样性。各地的海产品分离株分布于A群、B群,而临床分离株则主要集中于A群;C群仅包括1个临床分离株。其中临床分离株C2、C5、C7与海产品分离株F24属于同一个序列型,由此可推测该序列型在地域上分布较为广泛并可引起人发生胃肠炎等。因而副溶血弧菌所引起的对公共卫生的潜在风险性不容忽视。     

简述人工种植麻黄的社会经济效益

麻黄Ephedra sinica属于荒漠旱生灌木植物,是冬春草场上的中等牧草,也是传统的中草药,在新疆制药业上是生产麻黄素(碱)的重要工业原料.     

用速可胖防治猪寄生虫病的经济效益分析

本文为应用速可胖进行杀灭猪体内外寄生虫的试验,用速可胖11kg/T饲料剂量,拌料饲喂30.16～34.16kg断奶仔猪,连喂30天.试验46天后,增重效果较不用药对照组提高25%.获得明显经济效益.     

海产品中异尖线虫虫体成分PCR检测方法的建立

根据Gen Bank上公布的异尖科线虫线粒体COI序列设计特异性引物,对线虫样品进行PCR特异性扩增,扩增的目的片段大小为178 bp。结果显示,该PCR检测体系的特异性强,在其他非异尖科线虫和鱼肉DNA中不能扩增出条带;敏感性高,最低检测的DNA含量为0.36 pg/μL。该检测体系的成功构建为海产品中异尖线虫成分的检测、鉴定和流行病学调查提供了有力的技术支持。     

宁夏发展沙产业的社会、经济与生态效益

宁夏是我国荒漠化最严重和社会经济发展相对落后的地区之一。为了实现荒漠化防治与社会经济发展双赢的目标,自20世纪90年代,宁夏政府按照“政府引导、项目带动、企业介入、全社会参与”的思路,大力提倡治沙产业发展,通过推广温室大棚、中草药、压砂西瓜、基地农户一体化以及沙漠旅游等措施,使宁夏成为少数几个实现沙漠化逆转的地区。宁夏治沙产业实践结果表明,生态修复与经济发展的有效结合以及适当的生态补偿政策,可以实现自然环境与社会经济的良性互动,从而摆脱贫困陷阱困扰。宁夏治沙产业发展为我国乃至全球贫困地区的荒漠化防治提供了重要经验。     

The economic benefit of treating subclinical Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis in lactating cows

The economic benefits of treating lactating cows for Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis were studied at a large (689 milking cows) central California dairy. Postcure milk production of case cows (infected, treated, and cured) was compared with production of paired control cows (uninfected) and was matched for yield, days in milk, days in gestation, and parity. A simulation was used to plot expected lactation curves for mastitic cows (infected, not treated) with characteristics similar to those of each control cow, and these curves were compared with actual case-cow lactation curves. The difference in actual and expected production was used to calculate net economic benefits of treatment. Comparison of expected with actual production indicated a net benefit from treatment of $396/cow for cows treated in early lactation and $237 for cows treated in midlactation, but a net loss of $55 for cows treated in late lactation. Lactation number did not have a significant impact on economic benefits of treatment. In contrast to other studies indicating no economic benefit from treating mastitis during lactation, this study's positive results may have been attributable to the high cure rate (98%) and the subclinical form of mastitis being treated. Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis treatment during early and midlactation would appear to be an economically justifiable option for dairy managers.     

水产动物的健康养殖

近年来 ,我国水产养殖业有了较大发展 ,水产养殖产量持续、稳步增长。但是随着水产养殖业的发展和养殖集约化程度的提高 ,养殖环境日趋恶化 ,病害发生率越来越高 ,危害也越来越重 ,而水产品的质量相应地不断下降。因此 ,水产动物的健康养殖问题已成了人们关注的焦点。1　健康养殖的概念自我国对虾养殖业遭受白斑综合症 (WSS)病毒病的严重袭击后 ,2 0世纪 90年代中后期国内的海水养殖界出现了“健康养殖”这一新概念。但目前对健康养殖还没有明确形成一致认同的概念。徐启家 ( 2 0 0 0 )对健康养殖的定义是 :对于可进行养殖的生物种 ,在较…     

迈入"好品牌高效益"的新时代

新春羊年伊始,漫步在广州麦得龙超市和广州友谊商场,在农贸市场卖2.6元/斤的鸡蛋,在这些商店里竞卖到了4.8元/斤,问其何因,答曰:“品牌蛋!”难怪向来以廉价取胜的卖土鸡蛋的老婆婆,如今居然在每一枚鸡蛋上盖上自己的印章,以示“土鸡蛋”品牌信誉。最奇怪之处就在于一些有文化的城里人居然排队争购这些“品牌