去甲肾上腺素和睾酮对低温保存犬精子的影响

本试验就去甲肾上腺素和睾酮对低温保存犬精子的影响液进行了研究。试验结果表明：①稀释液—Tris-葡萄糖稀释液（Tris3．04％,柠檬酸1．7％,葡萄糖1．25％,卵黄20％）中加入去甲肾上腺素后,犬精液低温保存的效果显著优于对照稀释液和加入睾酮的稀释液,在4℃保存4d后,加入去甲肾上腺素的稀释液中的精子活率高达0．6500-0．01378,精子活率〉0-3的存活时间达8．3333±2．5819d,而对照稀释液和加入睾酮的稀释液中的精子活率分别只有0．45±0．16和0．36±0．11,精子活率〉0．3的存活时间分别为5．67±1．75和4．67±1．03。②对去甲肾上腺素的不同的4种添加剂量研究后发现,100μL稀释液中加入15μL去甲肾上腺素时犬精子低温保存的效果最好。     

新疆驴精液低温稀释液的配方筛选

为提高新疆驴优秀种公驴的精液利用率,本研究通过逐步改变精液稀释液的缓冲体系、卵黄比例、糖类成分,评定各组精液品质,筛选出对新疆驴精液保存效果较好的低温稀释液配方。结果显示,"HEPES+柠檬酸盐"为主要缓冲体系的精液稀释液,在1～4 d,A3精子活率、质膜完整性显著高于A1、A2组,有效存活时间134.00±3.27 h;卵黄比例为8%的精液稀释液,在第7 d精子活率显著高于其他组,在2～7 d精子质膜完整性显著高于其他组,有效存活时间可达144.50±1.91 h;"葡萄糖+乳糖"为主要糖类的精液稀释液,在5～7 d,C3组精子活率显著高于C1、C4组,在4～7 d精子质膜完整性显著高于其他组,有效存活时间最长为215.00±3.46 h。综上,以"HEPES+柠檬酸盐、8%卵黄、葡萄糖+乳糖"为基础的稀释液对新疆驴精液低温保存的效果较优。     

精浆浓度对4℃保存犬精液品质的影响

为了解精浆对犬精子低温保存的影响,试验通过离心分离鲜精的精浆和精子,将商业化稀释液与精浆混合,制备不含精浆和含25%、50%、75%、100%精浆的稀释液,并用该稀释液于4℃保存犬精子,定期对精子活力、活率、精子运动性、精子质膜完整性进行检测。结果表明:含25%精浆的稀释液保存效果最佳,保存120 h后,精子活力、活率仍超过40%;不含精浆和含50%精浆的稀释液保存效果次之。说明在低温保存犬精液时存在一定浓度的精浆有利于精子存活,在实际生产中,稀释液中含有25%的精浆,即鲜精与稀释液进行1∶3稀释,对维持精子在低温条件下的存活可能有较好的效果。     

甘油浓度和细管部位对犬精子冻后活率的影响

本试验以Tris-葡萄糖稀释液为基础稀释液,就甘油浓度(5%、6%和7%)和冷冻细管不同部位对犬精子冻后活率的影响进行了研究。试验结果表明,甘油浓度为5%时冻后精子活率最高,达0.7423±0.0274,明显优于浓度为6%和7%时的冻后精子活率(P<0.01);同一细管水平放置时,细管中部精子的冻后活率最好,达0.6901±0.0384,明显好于细管前部和后部精子的冻后活率(P<0.01)。     

野生盘羊与巴什拜羊杂交F1代精液冷冻保存技术研究

为了充分利用野生动物资源,本试验首次对野生盘羊与巴什拜羊杂交F1代公羊精液低温和冷冻保存方法进行了研究。结果:在低温(4±0.5)℃条件下稀释保存F1代羊精液,其中采用葡萄糖-蔗糖-柠檬酸钠-卵黄稀释液(III液)低温保存绵羊精子的时间和活率(168 h,0.35)显著优于葡萄糖-柠檬酸钠-卵黄稀释液(II液)(72 h,0.30)、葡萄糖-乳糖-卵黄稀释液(IV液)(48 h,0.35)和葡萄糖-乳糖-卵黄稀释液(I液)(18 h,0.42);采用4种不同冷冻稀释液制作杂交F1代公羊细管冻精,用III液冷冻保存后解冻效果最佳,解冻后精子活率为(48.6±0.4)%,畸形率为(11.20±2.02)%、顶体完整率为(58.4±3.68)%。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对绵羊精液低温保存效果的影响

为研究精液稀释液中不同浓度N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对绵羊精液低温保存效果的影响,试验用含有不同浓度(0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 mmol/L)NAC的绵羊精液稀释液在4℃条件下保存绵羊精液,并对精子活率、有效存活时间以及48小时的精子畸形率和顶体完整率进行了检测。结果表明:在稀释液中添加1.0 mmol/L的NAC能显著提高精子有效存活时间、总存活时间和48小时精子的顶体完整率(P0.05)。说明添加1.0 mmol/L NAC的精液稀释液能显著改善绵羊精液的低温保存效果。     

保存温度和不同种类稀释液对猪精液品质的影响

猪精液在室温保存时,含庆大霉素的稀释液保存效果优于含青、链霉素的稀释液,两种稀释液在保存72h时,精子活率、顶体完整率、GOT和LDH活性以及存活指数差异极显著(P<0.01).低温保存时,含蜂蜜和卵黄的稀释液对防精子冷刺激、维持精子活率的效果比含葡萄糖、奶粉的稀释液理想.在冷冻保存条件下,以含2%甘油的稀释液保存效果最佳.液态保存(室温、低温)的猪精液,LDH活性随精子活率下降而下降;pH值则都呈先上升后下降的变化趋势.室温保存主要是引起精子顶体脊膨大和保存后期的顶体前端膨大;低温保存主要引起顶体前部膨大和保存后期的少数顶体脱落;冷冻保存主要是造成顶体的膨大程度加大和顶体脱落.3种保存条件都造成精子线粒体透性增强.液态保存和冷冻保存精液的精清GOT活性与顶体完整率无显著相关性(P>0.05).     

稀释液冻干粉剂低温超长时间保存绵羊精液效果

为研究经过冷冻干燥处理的粉剂稀释液与原稀释液对绵羊精液保存的效果,采集6只盘羊与巴什拜羊杂交公羊的精液,分别用粉剂稀释液(A组)和原稀释液(B组)稀释降温后的冰水混合物长期保存,在第0、1、3、6、9和12天分别对精子活率和顶体完整率进行检测,并统计低温保存第9天的精液进行人工授精的受胎率。结果表明:粉剂稀释液与原稀释液低温长时间保存绵羊精子,在保存第9天的精子活率均能达到0.5,顶体完整率均高于65%,粉剂稀释液与原稀释液对精子活率和顶体完整率的保护能力无明显差异(P0.05);粉剂稀释液与原稀释液在低温保存第9天后进行人工授精,受胎率分别为66.9%和67.8%,两者受胎率差异不显著(P0.05)。说明稀释液冻干粉剂与液体稀释液低温保存绵羊精子具有相同效果。     

五种糖类对犬精液冷冻保存效果的研究

选取8只身体健康、性欲旺盛的比格公犬,采集其精液,对鲜精进行质量检测,主要包括颜色、射精量、精子活率、活力和pH。选取精子活率达到70%以上犬精液用于后续精液冷冻试验。分别将含有葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、乳糖和海藻糖的精液稀释液与精液按照1∶2的比例进行稀释。经冷冻解冻后,进行活率、活力、质膜完整性和顶体完整性的精子质量检测。通过对新鲜精液进行品质检测,结果显示5只合格用犬的平均射精量为2.85 mL,密度为2.01×10~8个/mL,pH为6.56。含有果糖的冷冻稀释液中精子活率和活力最高,分别达59.90%和54.00%;其次是添加葡萄糖和乳糖的稀释液中活率较高,分别为59.21%和56.73%,且两组稀释液中精子解冻后活力均为52.00%。进一步评估精子解冻后质膜完整率,结果显示葡萄糖和果糖组显著高于其他组,分别达48.73%和49.52%;而蔗糖添加组精子质膜完整率最低,为42.21%。稀释液中添加果糖的精子解冻后顶体完整率显著高于其他组,而添加蔗糖组顶体完整率最低。在比格犬的精液冷冻保存中,添加果糖的冷冻稀释液能显著提高精子的活率和活力,从而达到提高冻精质量的效果。     

解冻稀释液及孵育温度对冷冻-解冻后犬精液品质的影响

实验旨在比较解冻后解冻稀释液(Tris-柠檬酸-葡萄糖稀释液)的添加比例(1:0、1:1、1:2)对精液品质的影响,并比较了4种孵育温度(37、34、25、4℃)对精子寿命及精子活力的影响,探索合适的冷冻-解冻后犬精液的孵育条件。结果显示:解冻稀释液的添加与否及添加比例对解冻后孵育30 min的精子活力、活率、质膜完整率及顶体完整率均无显著影响;解冻后,在不同温度下孵育30 min,4组精子活率和质膜完整率无显著差异,而4℃孵育温度下精子活力和顶体完整率高于37℃(P0.05);解冻后孵育2 h,4℃孵育温度下的精液品质(精子活率、精子活力、质膜完整率、顶体完整率)最佳(P0.05),34℃和25℃组之间差异不显著,而37℃组的精液品质最差。结果表明,解冻稀释液对解冻后精液的孵育效果无影响,而解冻后精液的孵育温度以4℃最佳。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。