以G418抗性为选择标记的金龟子绿僵菌原生质体转化的研究

[目的]提高绿僵菌的生防效果。[方法]利用PEG方法,将含有G418抗性标记的质粒pSM334转化绿僵菌原生质体,并在高于绿僵菌敏感的G418浓度下筛选转化子。[结果]转化率达15~23个/μg质粒。将转化子在非选择压力下连续培养5代,其抗性稳定不变。稳定性试验表明,所获得的转化子可通过有丝分裂稳定传代。[结论]该研究为提高绿僵菌的生防效果提供了依据。     

高粱红曲菌M-3原生质体制备与再生

通过单因素及正交试验优化,拟建立高粱红曲菌M-3的菌丝高效制备和再生原生质体的优化方法。试验结果表明,在以1.0mol·L~(-1)山梨醇(pH8.0)为高渗透稳定液,以纤维素酶(0.3%)和蜗牛酶(0.3%)为裂解酶的条件下,考查不同酶解时间、酶解温度及酶解pH等单因素对原生质体形成与再生的影响;在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交设计试验确定原生质体制备与再生的最佳工艺参数为:酶解时间2h、pH值为6.0、温度32℃,在此工艺条件下,原生质体形成数为3.000×10~6个·mL~(-1),原生质体原生质体再生率为19.33%(再生菌落数为5.80×10~5个·mL~(-1))。     

红曲菌转化系统的研究进展

红曲菌是重要的工业微生物,具有广阔的研究应用前景。综述了近年来红曲菌遗传转化体系的研究进展,并指明了红曲菌转化系统的研究方向。     

以潮霉素抗性为选择标记的毛壳霉原生质体转化

利用PEG方法，将含有潮霉素抗性标记的质粒pCB1003转化毛壳霉原生质体,并在高于毛壳霉敏感的潮霉素浓度下筛选转化子。转化率达1～2个转化子/μg质粒DNA。以潮霉素抗性的毛壳霉转化子的基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增及其产物的Southern杂交。结果表明，潮霉素抗性基因已整合入毛壳霉染色体。稳定性试验表明，所获得的转化子可通过有丝分裂稳定传代。     

红曲菌T-DNA插入突变库转化子的特征及代谢产物分析

以农杆菌介导的红曲菌T-DNA插入突变库中8 000多株转化子为材料,通过菌落形态观察,获得230株形态变化显著的突变子,并将其分为7类.在此基础上,分析了14株代表菌株产色素、莫纳可啉K(Mo-nacolin K)、桔霉素和淀粉酶的情况.结果表明:所有供试菌株的产色素能力均低于出发菌株M-7,其中806#和2553#的色价均不到M-7的1/10;10株突变菌株产Monacolin K的能力高于M-7,其中3245#产Monacolin K的能力较M-7提高了近10倍,达到679.25μg/g;1822#产桔霉素(干红曲)能力最高,达60.01 ng/g,是M-7的近30倍,而806#和178#产桔霉素能力较低,在试验条件下未检测到;13株突菌株的淀粉酶活高于M-7,1067#最高约为M-7的20倍,达3 227.10 U/g.     

以潮霉素B抗性基因为选择标记的水稻立枯丝核菌遗传转化体系的构建

使用含裂解酶(来自Trichoderma harzianum)10mg/ml的0.8MNaCl(Ph5.8),28℃下,处理水稻立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)菌丝8小时,获得其原生质体。采用PEG介导的方法,将含有潮霉素B抗性标记的质粒pSM565转入水稻立枯丝核菌的原生质体,并在潮霉素B浓度为30μg/ml的选择性培养基上筛选转化子,获得了5-6个转化子/μgDNA的转化频率。随机挑选8个转化子,通过PCR方法检测到其中存在潮霉素抗性基因。     

以G418为筛选标记的极细链格孢菌(Alternaria tenuissima)原生质体转化体系的建立

[目的]建立极细链格孢菌(Alternaria tenuissima)的原生质体遗传转化体系。[方法]采用酶解法制备极细链格孢菌的原生质体,并通过PEG/CaCl2介导的化学方法将含有G418抗性标记的DNA转入极细链格孢菌原生质体。[结果]转化子生长表型及其基因组DNA的PCR检测表明抗性基因已成功整合到极细链格孢菌基因组中。该方法的转化率达3~4个转化子/μg转化DNA。所获得的转化子在无选择压力下连续培养3代,G418抗性仍能稳定遗传。[结论]成功建立了极细链格孢菌的遗传转化系统,为极细链格孢菌的基因功能研究奠定了基础。     

红酵母原生质体制备和再生条件研究

［目的］初步探讨红酵母原生质体制备和再生的条件。［方法］以红酵母为试材,研究渗透压稳定剂pH值、酶浓度、酶解时间、预处理时间4个因素对红酵母原生质体制备率和再生率的影响。［结果］pH值在6.5～7.0,原生质体的制备率和再生率随着渗透压稳定剂pH值的升高而上升。当酶浓度从0.2%上升到1.0%时,原生质体制备率上升较快,而原生质体再生率下降较慢。随着酶解时间的增加,原生质体的制备率逐渐增加,而原生质体的再生率逐渐下降。在5～15 min,原生质体制备率和再生率均随着预处理的时间的增加而降低。［结论］当渗透压稳定剂pH值为7.0,蜗牛酶酶浓度为1.0%,酶解时间为60 min,预处理时间为5 min时,原生质体的制备率和再生率能分别达到较高的值。     

红曲菌MpigE基因过表达质粒的构建

以福建红曲菌M-CL为出发菌株,以PSKH质粒为模板克隆PtrpC启动子及TrpC终止子。通过重叠延伸PCR技术融合PtrpC启动子、MpigE (目的)基因、TrpC终止子,获得PMT融合片段。为了验证融合片段PMT的正确性,进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析,在2 100bp左右出现单一且清晰的条带。通过EcoR V和SpeI酶切PMT片段,插入带有潮霉素抗性的PSKH质粒的EcoR V和Spe I位点,构建1个红曲菌过表达载体HPMT,大小为7 155bp。通过构建过表达载体,以期对红曲菌M-CL进行改造,获得高产色素低产桔霉素的菌株。     

草菇原生质体制备、再生及转化研究

用酶解法对草菇原生质体制备及再生条件进行了研究.结果表明: 液体静置培养4 d的菌丝,以0.6 mol/L的甘露醇作渗透压稳定剂,溶壁酶质量浓度15 mg/mL,34 ℃下酶解3 h,原生质体制备率最高;草菇原生质体预培养16 h后涂布在再生培养基上,再生率最高.同时,采用PEG法将潮霉素抗性基因转入草菇的原生质体中,经过抗性筛选,得到了具有潮霉素抗性的草菇转化子.     

以G418为筛选标记的极细链格孢菌(Alternaria tenuissima)原生质体转化体系的建立(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to establish a protoplast transformation system in Alternaria tenuissima. [Method] The protoplast of A.tenuissima was firstly prepared by enzymolysis method; then the yielded protoplast was transformed by G418 resistant DNA plasmid using PEG/CaCl2 method. [Result] The growth phenotype and PCR detection showed that resistance gene had integrated into A.tenuissima genome. The transformation efficiency of this method reached per μg DNA 3-4 transformants. After subculture thrice under nonselective condition, G418 resistance could still inherit stably. [Conclusion] The transformation system of A.tenuissima was successfully established, which laid basis for studying of the gene function of Alternaria tenuissima.     

G418-Resistance as a Dominant Selectable Marker for Heterogenous Gene Expression in Antagonist Pichia membranefaciens

Pichia membranefaciens, which was isolated from the surface of peach fruits, showed effective biocontrol capability against rhizopus rot of peach fruits. Aminoglycoside antibiotic G418 can inhibit the growth of P. membranefaciens. The minimal inhibitory concentration of G418 to P. membranefaciens in YPD medium was 100 μg mL-1. We constructed a phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) promoter-driven neoR expression cassette, which was called pFL61-neo. The biocontrol yeast P. membranefaciens was transformed with pFL61-neo by lithium acetate method. Expression vector pFL61-neo conferred P. membranefaciens drug resistance to 100 μg mL-1 G418. The transformant could keep a high percentage of plasmid-containing of transformant with 67.87% after 50 generations in non-selective medium. The result showed that P.membranefaciens could recognize the promoter and terminator of PGK and direct the expression of heterologous neoR gene. Expression vector pFL61-neo could exist stably in P. membranefaciens. Therefore, it is feasible to utilize G418-resistance as a dominant selectable marker for heterogenous gene expression in antagonist P. membranefaciens.     

REMI介导红曲霉遗传转化条件的优化

为了构建限制性内切酶介导的整合(REMI)技术介导的红曲霉(Monascus anka)遗传转化系统,以潮霉素B作为抗性筛选标记,pBC-Hygro、pCB1003、pAN7-1作为转化质粒,采用REMI技术转化红曲霉.结果表明,用REMI技术介导红曲霉转化时,质粒pBC-Hygro和pCB1003适合于红曲霉的转化.环状质粒与线性质粒的转化率无显著差别;在用REMI技术介导转化时添加酶切缓冲液不利于转化;原生质体浓度为1×107～1×108个/mL时,每微克质粒可获得的潮霉素B抗性转化子为2 800～3 200个;HindⅢ介导转化时的最佳酶用量为105～120 U;在质粒用量为8μg/100 μL时转化率最高.     

PSY基因对大豆的遗传转化

以3个大豆品种的体细胞胚为受体，以PSY为目的基因，应用基因枪法对大豆进行了遗传转化，经大豆体细胞胚的继代筛选培养、萌发培养、芽诱导培养、生根培养和潮霉素选择培养，获得了完整的抗性再生苗，经PCR和PCR-Routhern分析鉴定，初步证明外源PSY基因已整合到大豆的基因组中。     

Transformation of Upland Cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） with gfp Gene as a Visual Marker

The green-fluorescent protein (gfp) gene was evaluated as a screening marker during cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) transforming and plant regeneration.High expression of GFP (green-fluorescent protein)...     

黑龙江省水稻主栽品种(系)抗瘟基因Pi15(t)的SSR检测

用SSR分子标记RM316对黑龙江省45个水稻主栽品种(系)的抗稻瘟病基因Pi15(t)进行检测。结果表明,检测到45个水稻主栽品种(系)有30个水稻品种(系)含有Pi15(t)抗瘟基因,明确了该基因在黑龙江省水稻主栽品种(系)中的分布情况,为抗稻瘟病品种的选育和利用提供了理论依据。     

无抗性选择标记转AP1基因抗病水稻新品系的选育

 为获得无任何抗生素抗性基因的抗病转基因水稻新品系，将克隆自甜椒的两亲性蛋白AP1基因与潮霉素抗性选择标记基因（HPT）分别构建位于同一农杆菌双元载体上的两个独立的T-DNA区中，并经农杆菌介导，将其导入江苏省推广的两个粳稻品种广陵香粳和武香粳9号中，获得了一批转基因水稻植株。PCR和Southern杂交分析表明，AP1基因和HPT基因已同时导入受体基因组中，并从共转化植株的自交后代中筛选到了无HPT基因的转AP1基因水稻植株。结合田间农艺性状考察，选育了多个无抗性选择标记基因的纯合转AP1基因水稻新品系；抗病性鉴定结果表明，转AP1基因水稻对稻白叶枯病的抗性与未转化对照相比有显著提高，部分转基因水稻对纹枯病的抗性与未转化对照相比也有一定程度的提高。     

Breeding of Selectable Marker-Free Transgenic Rice Lines Containing AP1 Gene with Enhanced Disease Resistance

In order to obtain marker-free transgenic rice with improved disease resistance, the AP1 gene of Capsicum annuum and hygromycin-resistance gene （HPT） were cloned into the two separate T-DNA regions of the binary vector pSB130, respectively, and introduced into the calli derived from the immature seeds of two elite japonica rice varieties, Guangling Xiangjing and Wuxiangjing 9, mediated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Many cotransgenic rice lines containing both the AP1 gene and the marker gene were regenerated and the integration of both transgenes in the transgenic rice plants was confirmed by either PCR or Southern blotting technique. Several selectable marker-free transgenic rice plants were subsequently obtained from the progeny of the cotransformants, and confirmed by both PCR and Southern blotting analysis. These transgenic rice lines were tested in the field and their resistance to disease was carefully investigated, the results showed that after inoculation the resistance to either bacterial blight or sheath blight of the selected transgenic lines was improved when compared with those of wild type.