Integrated microbiological safety assurance and monitoring of food and drinking water

Summary

The history of academic education in food microbiology and hygiene in the Netherlands has largely been written by Prof Kampelmacher. The first contribution in this field dates from 1961, and suggested a new approach to teaching Veterinary Public Health. His later research led to the conclusion that intervention would be the only way to control the food transmitted diseases originating from slaughter animals and poultry, particularly Salmonellosis. This intervention should take place at the beginning of the contamination cycle. In the 1970's, surveys showed that feed decontamination would no longer efficiently control the endemicity of Salmonellosis. The contamination cycles had become autonomous. Consequently, emphasis on terminal decontamination of food products was necessary. Besides his activitities in teaching and research, Prof Kampelmacher masterminded a modern view of the responsibilities of academic scientists. Moreover, he strongly promoted an interdisciplinary approach to scientific consultation and advice. In this respect, he has unfortunately not been successful in introducing radiadation of dangerously contaminated food, having met strong opposition from various quarters. His efforts in multidisciplinary training and research programmes resulted in, among other things, fruitful cooperation between the Agricultural University at Wageningen and the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Utrecht University.     

The online professional master of science in food safety degree program at Michigan State University: an innovative graduate education in food safety

A market-research study conducted in 2000 indicated a need for a degree program in food safety that would cover all aspects of the food system, from production to consumption. Despite this, such a program was not enthusiastically supported by employers, who feared losing their valued employees while they were enrolled in traditional on-campus graduate programs. A terminal professional degree was successfully created, offered, and modified over the succeeding five years. The innovative, non-traditional online program was developed to include a core curriculum and leadership training, with elective courses providing flexibility in specific areas of student interest or need. The resulting Professional Master of Science in Food Safety degree program provides a transdisciplinary approach for the protection of an increasingly complex food system and the improvement of public health. Enrollment in the program steadily increased in the first three years of delivery, with particular interest from industry and government employees. The curriculum provides a platform of subject material from which certificate programs, short-courses, seminars, workshops, and executive training programs may be delivered, not only to veterinarians but also to related food and health specialists. The program has fulfilled a need for adult learners to continue as working professionals in the workforce. The benefit to the employer and to society is an individual with enhanced knowledge and networking and leadership skills.     

国际兽疫局积极参与加强食品安全的行动

由于全世界范围内的消费者对食品安全的需要,国际兽疫局(动物健康和人畜共患病的国际标准制定组织)已经指出有必要将其科学的制定标准程序扩展至动物产品食品的安全领域。在这个新的领域中,在动物被加工成产品之前,它将与其他相关组织进行合作。目的是为了减少动物性食品对人类健康的威胁,而这种威胁在不断的增加。在这种情况下,危害是指食物中具有潜在性的、对人体健康不利的生物的、化学的或物理的成分。国际兽疫局在2001～2005年的工作计划中提议他们将在公众健康和消费权益保护方面更加积极主动,并且还指出这还包括人畜共患病和通过食物…     

动物性食品中苯唑西林残留检测方法--微生物法

农业部于 2 0 0 3年 1月 2 2日发布第 2 36号公告 ,发布 1 2个动物性食品中兽药残留检测方法。方法之八 :动物性食品中苯唑西林残留检测方法———微生物法。     

The use of microbiological end-points in the safety evaluation and elaboration of maximum residue limits for veterinary drugs intended for use in food producing animals

The safety evaluation of veterinary drugs intended for use in food producing animals relies heavily on the results of toxicity studies in laboratory animals, supported where possible by any data resulting from human exposure. The general approach involves the calculation of an acceptable daily intake which in turn can be used to elaborate maximum residue limits. It is an approach used in the European Union, in other countries and at the international level. In recent years, concern has been expressed over the presence of microbiologically active residues of veterinary drugs in food and their possible effects on the human gastrointestinal microflora. Methodologies for conducting microbiological safety studies have been investigated and approaches to microbiological safety assessments have been debated. The whole approach has proved to be controversial, partly because there are considerable doubts over the ability of low concentrations of antibiotic substances to produce adverse effects on the human gut flora and partly because there are no validated methods for testing for these attributes. This paper reviews the problems in some detail and discusses the regulatory consequences.     

Pet food safety: sodium in pet foods

Healthy dogs and cats appear to be able to adjust to differing amounts of sodium in their diet via the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanisms. There is no strong evidence that increased dietary sodium increases the risk of hypertension in dogs and cats, and the current recommendation for hypertensive animals is to avoid high dietary salt intake without making a specific effort to restrict it. The prevalence of salt sensitivity and its effect on blood pressure has not been determined for cats or dogs. The ideal amount of sodium in the diet of dogs and cats with cardiac deficiency has not been determined, as increasing may detrimentally increase the extracellular fluid volume, but decreasing it may detrimentally increase the activation of the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Increased dietary sodium increases urine output and may decrease the risk of forming calcium oxalate uroliths due to the decrease in relative supersaturation of solutes. However, caution should be used in increasing the sodium intake of patients with renal disease as increased dietary sodium may have a negative effect on the kidneys independent of any effect on blood pressure.     

动物性食品中青霉素类抗生素残留检测方法--微生物法

农业部于 2 0 0 3年 1月 2 2日发布第 2 3 6号公告 ,发布 1 2个动物性食品中兽药残留检测方法。方法之十二 :动物性食品中青霉素类抗生素残留检测方法———微生物法。     

食品安全法及实施条例中有关畜产品安全法律条款解读

《中华人民共和国食品安全法》从2009年6月1日起施行,国务院于2009年7月20日颁布《中华人民共和国食品安全法实施条例》。食品安全法及其实施条例的公布施行,对规范食品生产经营活动,防范食品安全事故,增强食品安全监管工作的规范性、科学性和有效性,提高我国食品安全整体水平,具有重要意义。认真学习、深刻理解、贯彻落实食品安全法及实施条例,对做好畜产品安全监管工作十分重要。     

发达国家食品安全风险分析制度建立及特点分析

风险分析是对食品安全进行科学管理的体现,也是制订食品安全监管措施的依据,已成为国际公认的食品安全管理理念和手段之一.近年来,发达国家为了提高食品安全监管效率、保护消费者健康和促进食品与农产品国际贸易,在食品安全风险分析制度建设方面取得了很大进展,一些发达国家的做法对于中国食品安全风险分析制度建立具有重要的借鉴意义.     

餐饮业食品安全风险体检的实践

为了实现食品安全责任保险的产品创新,通过增加食品安全风险体检这项服务,以实证方式验证效果,结果表明作为食品安全责任保险项目下的非独立的服务,食品安全风险体检必须在最短的时间内发现最关键的食品安全风险,并针对这些风险建议食品企业采取相应的风险管理措施。可以借助食品专家的经验编制出针对性很强的体检标准和体检程序,使得风险体检服务得以应用。结论:食品安全风险体检使得保险从事后的处理变成了事先的预防,既为投保人提供了增值服务,也为保险人减少可能的损失,这项服务将对食品安全责任保险的创新产生深远影响。