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In order to develop a safe vaccine against bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) which could be used in areas normally free of the disease, studies were carried out on inactivated virus vaccines. Initial experiments were carried out in cattle using virus vaccines that had been inactivated with β-propiolactone or formalin and then made-up in aluminium phosphate gel or Freund's incomplete adjuvant. A minimum inactivated virus dose of 106 PFU was necessary to stimulate a serum neutralizing antibody response in cattle. β-propiolactone inactivated BEF virus vaccines in Freund's incomplete adjuvant gave the best serum neutralizing antibody responses, producing high levels of neutralizing antibody with both high and low passage level virus. However, the magnitude of the antibody response bore little relationship to resistance of vaccinated animals to challenge with virulent BEF virus. A number of animals with high neutralizing antibody titres to BEF virus did not resist challenge. Using 500-fold less live virus at equivalent passage level to the low passage inactivated vaccine, similar or slightly lower antibody levels were attained, but most of the animals resisted challenge. It is suggested that the nature of the immune response and resistance to BEF infection may be complex and that reliance on serum neutralizing antibody as an indicator of resistance may give misleading results. 相似文献
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Studies were carried out to find methods for obtaining optimum yields of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) virus and for concentrating the virus in order to develop inactivated virus vaccines. Cells from the SVP cell line, which was derived from the pig kidney PS cell line, were most satisfactory for growing and assaying BEF virus. BHK 21 and Vero cells also gave similar yields of virus but were not as useful for virus assay. A plaque assay in SVP cells, in which there was 0.1 μg of actinomycin D per ml of overlay, produced reproducible clear plaques and was slightly more sensitive than assays in BHK 21 cell roller tubes. High multiplicities of infection (MOI), around 1 PFU/cell, produced low yields of infectious virus, whereas decreasing the MOI approximately 100-fold led to an increase in virus yield of up to four logs. BEF virus could be concentrated using zinc acetate or ammonium sulphate but not polyethylene glycol 6000. Ammonium sulphate proved most suitable and produced an easily handled precipitate with up to 100% recovery of virus infectively, and 100-fold concentration was possible. This concentrated virus could be rapidly desalted by gel filtration through Sephadex G-75. The virus could be further purified by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation provided the gradient contained a protein stabilizer of 0.1% bovine serum albumin. Inactivation kinetics with 0.025% β-propiolactone was similar to that reported for other rhabdoviruses. 相似文献
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J M Castro M del Pozo I Simarro 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1992,39(5):337-344
Serological response and reproductive performance were estimated in field trials of an inactivated virus vaccine against porcine parvovirus. Experiments were carried out in 10 selected pig breeding herds. A total of 277 seronegative gilts were used. Two hundred and twenty animals were vaccinated twice before mating, fourteen days apart and revaccinated after farrowing. Blood samples were obtained from both vaccinated and non-vaccinated (57 animal) control gilts, one week after the 2nd dose of vaccination, at farrowing time and one week after revaccination. Although there were considerable variations among the herds, the number of returns to oestrus in all herds was higher in vaccinated gilts (11.81%) than in the controls (10.52%). This difference, however, was not statistically significant. The reproductive performance results revealed the absence of an increase in the total born, as pooled values, in vaccinated gilts compared to controls. However, when these results are interpreted in relation to serological data, many control gilts were already seropositive before mating, or remained seronegative at farrowing. According to our results, the duration of immunity with this vaccine is apparently short, as there is a clear decrease in the titres between the 1st and the 2nd sampling times (2.35 +/- 0.14 and 1.97 +/- 0.08, respectively). 相似文献
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利用从发生流行性腹泻的发病鸡中分离的轮状病毒,研制了鸡轮状病毒灭活油乳疫苗,并对该疫苗的安全性及免疫效果进行了测定.结果表明该疫苗安全可靠,注射后对增重、产蛋均无影响.免疫后14 d攻毒保护率可达98%以上,免疫期可维持6个月,4℃保存12个月,10℃~25℃保存3个月,免疫效果不变.对鸡轮状病毒油乳灭活疫苗在山东不同地区进行田间试验和扩大区域试验,结果表明该疫苗性能良好、安全,对蛋鸡、肉鸡、雏鸡的生产性能无明显影响,疫苗接种后保护率可达92%以上,可有效地控制该病的发生. 相似文献
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鸭瘟灭活疫苗效力试验和安全试验 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
将已建立的鸭瘟病毒(DPV)AV1221株基础种毒经鸭胚繁殖、收集胚液病毒、0.2%甲醛溶液灭活后,与矿物油佐剂乳化制备了3批鸭瘟灭活疫苗.成鸭的免疫攻毒测定,疫苗最小免疫剂量为0.12 mL,确定使用剂量为每羽份0.5 mL.单剂量、单剂量重复和超剂量安全试验结果显示,疫苗不引起产蛋鸭的全身不良反应和明显的局部反应.疫苗的免疫攻毒试验结果表明,疫苗在不同品种的成鸭中,使用不同的免疫途径,均能诱导产生80%以上保护;在雏鸭中,经二次免疫也能够诱导产生80%以上保护.疫苗一次免疫鸭后,不同时间诱导产生的中和抗体滴度(GMT)分别是,7 d为1:3.2、10 d为1:4.6、14 d为1:8,21 d、30 d和60 d均为1:7;免后10 d可以产生80%攻毒保护,14 d和21 d可产生完全保护.疫苗的免疫持续期试验结果表明,成鸭经1次免疫后150 d,雏鸭经二次免疫后60 d均可维持80%以上保护. 相似文献
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A Zuffa A Brányik J Zuffová G Melcicky M Hirko J Blecha L Valent 《Veterinární medicína》1981,26(5):257-270
The experiments with sheep and young cattle were carried out to test the immunizing efficacy of inactivated adjuvant vaccine against Aujeszky's disease. The vaccine application at doses of 1 ml and 2 ml to lambs at the age of eight to ten months caused the neutralizing antibody production with a significant rise of titres after revaccination. A survival of infection induced with a dose of 10(5.5) TKID50 of virulent virus was recorded in 62.5% of once vaccinated animals and in 87.5% of twice vaccinated animals. When applying different doses of vaccines (from 1 to 10 ml) to young cattle, the antibody reaction level was directly dependent on the inoculum quantity. The double inoculation of animals with vaccines of 2 ml and 5 ml caused the neutralizing antibody production at titres of 1:35, or 1:46. The animals, immunized with the live or inactivated IBR-vaccine possessing high antibody titres against IBR-virus, reacted upon the vaccination with inactivated Aujeszky's vaccine anamnestically, by early production of antibodies in high titres. Metaphylactic vaccination (2 ml of vaccine) of cattle in herds with an acute course days, however earlier during five days from the revaccination when it was carried out in seven days following the first vaccination. 相似文献
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E A Hoover N A Perigo S L Quackenbush C K Mathiason-DuBard J M Overbaugh W S Kloetzer J H Elder J I Mullins 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1991,199(10):1392-1401
The protective immunity induced by 3 experimental FeLV vaccines were evaluated: Prototype inactivated FeLV vaccine developed from a molecularly cloned FeLV isolate (FeLV-FAIDS-61E-A); a mixture of immunodominant synthetic peptides corresponding to regions of the FeLV-Gardner-Arnstein-B (FeLV-GA-B) envelope proteins; and an adjuvant-disrupted but non-activated virus prepared from a non-cloned FeLV field isolate comprised of subgroup A and B viruses (FeLV-05821-AB). Included as controls were parallel groups of cats inoculated with adjuvants alone or with an established commercial FeLV vaccine. After each inoculation and after virulent virus challenge exposure, sera from all cats were assayed for ELISA-reactive antibody against purified FeLV, FeLV neutralizing (VN) antibody, and FeLV antigenemia/viremia--viral p27 antigen in serum and within circulating leukocytes. Immunity was challenged by oral/nasal exposure of vaccinated and control cats with FeLV-FAIDS-61E-A or FeLV-05821-AB, an infective, noncloned, tissue-origin, FeLV field isolate containing subgroup-A and -B viruses. Vaccine-induced immunity was assessed by comparing the postchallenge-exposure incidence of persistent viremia and the pre- and postchallenge exposure titers of VN and ELISA antibody in cats of the control and vaccine groups. The percentage of cats, that resisted development of persistent viremia after FeLV challenge exposure and the preventable fraction (PF) for the vaccine groups (which adjusts for the severity of the challenge and the degree of innate resistance in the controls) were as follows: adjuvant controls, 26%; FeLV-FAIDS-61E-A inactivated virus vaccine, 95% (PF = 93.2%); FeLV-GA-B peptide vaccine, 5% (-28.4%); FeLV-05821-AB noninactivated vaccine, 67% (55.4%); and commercial FeLV vaccine, 35% (12.2%). The prechallenge exposure mean VN antibody titer for each group was: less than 1:8 in the adjuvant controls; 1:43 in the FeLV-FAIDS-61E-A-vaccinated cats; less than 1:8 in the peptide-vaccinated cats; 1:38 in the noninactivated virus-vaccinated cats group; and 1:12 in the cats vaccinated with the commercial vaccine. Thus, induction of VN antibody in the vaccinated cats, although modest, appeared to be correlated with induction of protective immunity as defined by resistance to FeLV challenge exposure. Results of these studies indicate that inoculation of cats with an experimental inactivated virus vaccine prepared from a molecularly cloned FeLV isolate was most effective in stimulating protective immunity against heterologous and homologous FeLV challenge exposure. 相似文献
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鸭坦布苏病毒灭活油乳苗的制备及免疫效力测定 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
鸭坦布苏病毒(DTMUV)为新出现的病毒,主要引起鸭的产蛋量急剧下降,甚至绝产。为评价其灭活疫苗的免疫效力,本实验从产蛋下降综合征的病鸭中分离鉴定到一株DTMUV,经鸭胚增殖,测定其尿囊液中病毒含量为5×102.25ELD50/mL;采用该尿囊液按照常规方法制备灭活油乳苗。将10日龄雏鸭分成4组,每组20只,分别免疫0.2 mL,0.5 mL,0.8 mL疫苗,以及PBS对照组,并于免疫后28 d攻毒。通过间接ELISA法检测鸭血清中抗体水平,结果显示,在免疫后7 d~21 d内,其中0.5 mL免疫组抗体水平与对照组相比差异极显著(p<0.01);免疫21 d时,E玫瑰花环试验检测鸭血清中T淋巴细胞数量,结果 0.5 mL组玫瑰花环形成率为67.09±1.23%,极显著(p<0.01)于对照组(51.86±1.14%);攻毒保护试验结果显示,0.2 mL组免疫保护率为80%,0.5 mL和0.8 mL组疫苗保护率均为100%,而对照组雏鸭均表现为典型的DTMUV感染症状,其中3只死亡。实验结果表明,本研究制备的鸭坦布苏病灭活疫苗能够有效诱导抗体和细胞免疫反应,为进一步研究鸭坦布苏病疫苗提供了实验数据。 相似文献
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牛用口蹄疫AsiaI—O型双价灭活苗与猪用口蹄疫O型灭活苗对猪的免疫效果比较试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
使用牛用口蹄疫AsiaI-O型双价灭活苗与猪用口蹄疫O型灭活苗分别接种50d商品猪和怀孕90d种猪,免疫前和免疫后的3w及7w进行抗体水平检测。O型口蹄疫采用正向间接血凝试验、AsiaI型口蹄疫采用液相阻断ELISA检测。同时对接种猪进行免疫应激观察。结果显示:猪使用牛用口蹄疫AsiaI—O型双价灭活苗3w后口蹄疫AsiaI的抗体水平十分低,最高只有5%,口蹄疫O型抗体合格率在35%以上;而注射猪用口蹄疫O型灭活苗的O型抗体水平合格率只有35%。而牛用口蹄疫AsiaI-O型双价灭活苗两次接种后,AsiaI和O型抗体水平均达到大于70%的要求。 相似文献
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Protection against murine potomac horse fever by an inactivated Ehrlichia risticii vaccine 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Y Rikihisa 《Veterinary microbiology》1991,27(3-4):339-350
Ehrlichia risticii propagated in a murine macrophage cell line were freed from the host cell by hypotonic lysis of the infected cells. The cell-free ehrlichiae were inactivated with beta-propiolactone and combined or not combined with polymyxin-B. The vaccines were administered to mice with Quil-A (saponin) as an adjuvant twice at 2 to 3 week intervals and the mice were challenged with live E. risticii 2 to 3 weeks after the last vaccination. With or without the addition of polymyxin-B, the vaccine preparations protected mice from developing clinical signs and gross pathologic changes such as thymic atrophy, splenomegaly, and increase in whole intestinal weight. Mice vaccinated with or without polymyxin-B developed high titer IgG antibody against E. risticii before and after the challenge with live E. risticii. Spleen lymphocyte proliferative response assay at 11 days post challenge revealed that with polymyxin-B a higher lymphocyte proliferation occurred as compared with that of the mice which received polymyxin-B-free vaccine. Spleen lymphocytes of the placebo (polymyxin-B and Quil-A) pretreated/challenged mice showed no proliferative activity. Western blot analysis revealed that vaccinated mice reacted mainly with 110, 57 and 33 kDa antigen bands before and after challenge. The placebo (polymyxin-B and Quil-A)/challenged mice showed a very weak response to ehrlichial antigens at day 10 to 11 post challenge. Comparison with inactivated Renografin-purified E. risticii or 0.25% SDS-insoluble fraction of E. risticii with the inactivated host cell-free vaccine revealed no increased protection. These results indicate that inactivated host cell-free E. risticii can protect mice from murine Potomac horse fever. The presence of polymyxin-B appeared to be not harmful but rather beneficial for lymphocyte proliferation response upon challenge with live E. risticii. 相似文献
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鸭瘟灭活疫苗种毒筛选及生产用种毒种子批的建立 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究通过鸭胚(DE)传代,建立了鸭瘟病毒(DPV)AV1221株的鸭胚适应毒.通过与其他2株DPV(AV1222株鸡胚毒和AV18株鸭胚毒)免疫原性、毒力等特性的比较,选择AV1221株DE2代鸭胚毒作为制苗用种毒,NJ株D5代鸭肝组织毒作为检验用强毒.使用鸭胚对AV1221株DE2毒进行了连续6次传代.对DE2代~DE7代冻干种毒的鉴定结果表明:未发现细菌、霉菌、支原体和外源病毒污染;病毒含量为每0.2 mL含104.38~105.25ELD50;能够被DPV抗血清中和;制成灭活疫苗,免疫成鸭后均能够产生完全保护.依据试验结果建立了能够满足疫苗生产所需的生产用种毒的种子批. 相似文献
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Two inactivated vaccines were prepared against hydropericardium syndrome. The vaccine prepared from liver homogenate extracted with chloroform, inactivated with formalin and adjuvanted with liquid paraffin was highly effective against challenge in chickens aged three, five and seven weeks. Seroconversion following vaccination and challenge was assessed by the agar gel immunodiffusion test. The inactivated oil emulsion vaccine was highly effective against the syndrome in both experimental trials and field trials. 相似文献
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采用链球菌C群、猪链球菌2型、巴氏杆菌荚膜A群、巴氏杆菌荚膜B群等强毒株,经培养后灭活,加氢氧化铝胶制成猪链球菌、巴氏杆菌二联四价灭活疫苗,将制备的疫苗进行安全性及效力试验。结果显示,制备的疫苗对猪、兔安全,对小鼠8/10或以上保护,对猪4/5或以上保护。表明制备的疫苗安全有效,能够抵抗猪链球菌、巴氏杆菌强毒的攻击。 相似文献