新特米先对人工感染鸡大肠杆菌病疗效试验

受宜昌兽药厂委托,我们对“新特米先”进行了人工感染鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验,现将结果报告如下。 1 材料与方法 1.1 试验药品 5％新特米先(50g/袋),由宜昌兽药厂生产提供,批号950301。 1.2 菌株 鸡大肠杆菌C83837,中国兽药监察所提供,湖北畜牧兽医所传代保存。 1.3 试验鸡 14日龄杂交肉鸡120只,共分5组:高剂量组(1万u/只/日),中量组(5000u/只/日),低量组(1000u/只/1日),攻     

连山香萸颗粒对人工感染鸡大肠杆菌的疗效试验

为探究连山香萸颗粒对鸡大肠杆菌的治疗效果,采用人工诱发鸡大肠杆菌病的病理模型进行试验。将SPF鸡180只随机分成6组,分别为空白对照组、阳性对照组、测试药物高、中、低剂量组和对照药物组,对照药物为地锦草颗粒,以治愈率和有效率为评价指标。结果显示,连山香萸颗粒高剂量组（4.0 g/L）、中剂量组（2.0 g/L）连续用药5天具有明显治疗效果,治愈率分别为76.67%、70.00%,有效率分别为93.33%和90.00%,与对照药物组相比差异显著（P<0.05）,表明连山香萸颗粒可用于鸡大肠杆菌病的临床治疗。     

中草药复方对人工感染鸡大肠杆菌防治试验

鸡大肠杆菌病发病率与死亡淘汰率极高(据报道,某鸡场发病率与死亡淘率为15.5%和8.38%),是目前养禽业危害较为严重的一种疾病,对养鸡业造成巨大的经济损失.该病有时还继发于某些疾病如新城疫(ND)、传染性支气管炎(ID)、慢性呼吸道病(CRD)、法氏囊病(IBD)等.临床上用抗生素类药物来防治,虽能取得较好的疗效,但易造成抗药性,大剂量使用会造成药物残留,危害人体健康.由于中草药能改善机体的免疫机能,提高动物防御疾病的能力,同时无抗药性、残留及副作用小等优点.为了充分利用当地药材资源,因药制宜,课题组研究人员研制了6个中药复方制剂,采用人工诱发鸡发生大肠杆菌病为模型,观察了6个方剂防治效果.     

牛源性大肠杆菌对小白鼠和鸡的人工感染试验

用从临床型奶牛乳房炎病乳分离的10株大肠杆菌对小白鼠和鸡进行了人工感染发病试验,结果表明,牛源性大肠杆菌对小鼠和鸡均有一定的致病性,但小自鼠比鸡更敏感,随着攻菌量的加大发病及死亡率亦增加.     

牛源性大肠杆菌对小白鼠和鸡的人工感染试验

用从临床型奶牛乳房炎病乳分离的10株大肠杆菌对小白鼠和鸡进行了人工感染发病试验，结果表明，牛源性大肠杆菌对小鼠和鸡均有一定的致病性，但小白鼠比鸡更敏感，随着攻菌量的加大发病及死亡率亦增加。     

"先锋110"对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效及安全性试验

"先锋110"是新型复方喹诺酮类抗菌药物.为了对该药今后的生产及应用提供依据,我们对江苏省泰州丰达动物药品厂试制的"先锋110"进行了人工感染鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效及安全性试验,结果报告如下.     

鸡大肠杆菌药敏试验

随着养鸡业的不断发展 ,集约化养鸡场在主要疫病得到基本控制后 ,大肠杆菌病有明显上升的趋势 ,已成为鸡群主要疾病之一 ,用抗生素防治鸡的大肠杆菌病就显得特别重要。但由于滥用抗生素 ,耐药性菌株越来越多。如有的鸡场在治疗鸡的大肠杆菌病时 ,轮流应用多种抗生素都无效 ,这样一是耽误了鸡病的治疗 ,二是浪费了大量药物 ,造成了极大的经济损失。为了准确有效地治疗鸡的大肠杆菌病 ,应该对从病死鸡内分离出的大肠杆菌作药敏试验 ,选用对大肠杆菌具有高度敏感性的药物。常用的药敏试验法为纸片法。细菌分离培养无菌操作取病料接种于营养琼脂…     

健禽丹对人工感染雏鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗效果

中药治疗鸡细菌病在我国较为普遍,但多数为临床经验性应用,人工发病的治疗试验相对较少．本试验旨在客观评价健禽丹对鸡细菌病的临床疗效,以使临床用药具有一定的代表性。１　材料与方法１．１　药品　健禽丹,郑州兽药厂提供,主要由黄连、黄柏、藿香、白头翁、甘草等十余味中药精制而成,批号９７１１２３;禽菌灵,山东省成武县畜宝第二兽药厂生产,批号９７０５２４,主要由穿心莲、甘草、大黄等中药配制而成。１．２　菌种　鸡大肠杆菌Ｏ７８（本室保存,源自中国兽药监察所）。１．３　动物　７日龄商品代罗曼蛋用鸡１８０只,河南…     

头孢拉定对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

大肠杆菌病是由致病性大肠杆菌引起的一种常见多发病，根据发病的年龄、侵害部位以及与其它疾病混合感染的不同情况而表现为不同的病型．临床常见的有以下几种：雏鸡脐炎、急性败血症、纤维素性心包炎、纤维素性肝周炎、腹膜炎、气囊炎、全眼球炎。     

蛋鸡致病性大肠杆菌的分离与药敏试验

从患病鸡的病料中分离培养得到一株细菌,经染色、镜检、生化试验和动物致病试验,最终鉴定为致病性大肠杆菌。选用临床常用的18种抗生素对该菌进行药敏试验,结果该菌对氧氟沙星、丁胺卡那、恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考、庆大霉素、粘菌素敏感。     

鸭埃希氏大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为了解鸭埃希氏大肠杆菌流行情况，从云南省宜良县及其它地州收集病(死)鸭341只，共分离到116株细菌，经培养特性及生化试验，确认鸭埃希氏大肠杆菌52株，占总分离菌的44．83％，给健康鸭注射分离株的液体培养物均可复制出心包炎、肝周炎、气囊炎的典型病理变化并引起鸭死亡。药敏试验结果表明，较为敏感的药物为硫酸安普霉素、罗美沙星、头孢氨苄、丁胺卡那霉素、头孢噻吩、卡那霉素，分离菌株对试验的26种药物均有不同程度的耐药性。     

Protective immunity to infectious bronchitis in broilers vaccinated against Marek's disease either in ovo or at hatch and against infectious bronchitis at hatch

Two experiments were conducted using commercial broiler chickens to determine if Marek's disease (MD) vaccines HVT/SB-1 and HVT plus CVI-988 given either in ovo or at hatch adversely affected the efficacy of infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccines (Ark and Mass serotypes) given by eyedrop on the day of hatch. Nonvaccinated negative controls and controls that received only IB vaccines were included in each study. Birds were challenged with either infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Mass-41 or IBV Ark-99 on either day 26 or 27 of age. Protection was assessed 5 days post-IBV challenged by virus isolation from the trachea. The day of hatch mean antibody titer to IBV was 12,668 +/- 4704 and 2503 +/- 3243 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. In each study, nonvaccinated controls had a significantly higher (P < or = 0.05) incidence (88%-100%) of IBV challenge virus isolation than did controls vaccinated for IB but not for MD. Analysis of data from both studies showed that protection to IB in groups that received only IB vaccines at hatch ranged from 55.0% to 77.3%, whereas protection to IB in groups receiving both MD and IB vaccines ranged from 50.0% to 95.5%. In both experiments and within IBV challenge serotype, broilers given MD vaccines (in ovo or at hatch) and IB vaccines at hatch had protection rates to IBV challenges that were not significantly less (P < or = 0.05) than IB protection rates of groups that received only IB vaccines at hatch. Analysis of these data shows that administration of high-titered MD vaccines either in ovo or at hatch did not affect the efficacy of an IB vaccination (serotypes Ark and Mass) given by eyedrop at hatch.     

Protective immunity against infectious bursal disease virus in chickens in the absence of virus-specific antibodies

The role of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in pathogenesis of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was investigated. One-day-old specific pathogen-free chickens were treated with 3mg of cyclophosphamide (Cy) per chicken for 4 consecutive days and, 3 weeks later, infected with the IBDV-IM strain. Chickens were examined for: (a) mitogenic response of splenocytes to ConA, as an indicator of T-cell functions in vitro, (b) antibody against IBDV by ELISA, (c) IBDV genome in various tissues by RT-PCR and (d) immunological memory. At the time of IBDV infection, Cy-treated chickens had depleted bursal tissue (an avian primary B-cell lymphoid organ), severely compromised antibody-producing ability, but normal T-cell response to ConA. In primary infection, no detectable antibody against IBDV antigen in Cy-treated, IBDV-infected chickens was observed up to 28 days post-infection (PI), while IBDV genome was detected by RT-PCR in spleen, thymus, liver and blood until 10 days PI. Like intact control chickens infected with IBDV, Cy-treated, IBDV-infected chickens suppressed splenocytes responses to ConA from 5 to 10 days PI, suggesting that intact control as well as Cy-treated chickens responded similarly to IBDV infection in the early phase. Following re-infection with IBDV, no detectable secondary antibody response to IBDV as well as IBDV genome in tissues were observed in Cy-treated chickens, while intact control chickens developed vigorous secondary antibody response. Similar to intact control chickens infected with IBDV, Cy-treated chickens after second infection with IBDV did not suppress splenocyte response to ConA. These results suggested that in the absence of detectable anti-IBDV antibodies, protection of Cy-treated chickens from IBDV infection may occur via immunological memory mediated by CMI. We concluded that under normal conditions, IBDV induces a protective antibody response, however, in the absence of antibody, CMI alone is adequate in protecting birds against virulent IBDV.     

鸡致病性大肠杆菌耐药性的研究进展

大肠杆菌是一种常见致病菌,近年来,大肠杆菌的耐药株不断增多,特别是多重耐药株的大量出现,使其治疗变得十分困难。本文对鸡致病性大肠杆菌耐药现状以及产生耐药性机制的研究作以综述,以期为进一步研究鸡大肠杆菌病的综合防治提供依据。     

interactions between escherichia coli and Newcastle disease virus in chickens

We investigated the interaction between Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Escherichia coli in cell cultures, embryonated eggs, and 8-wk-old chickens. We measured the interactions on the basis of bacterial adherence and NDV hemagglutination titer in chickens, chicken embryos, and chicken embryo cell culture. Depending on the inoculation order of E. coli, a significant alteration of the growth of NDV was observed in both chickens and chicken embryos. When certain strains of E. coli were given before NDV exposure, the virus titers were lowered. In chickens, the mean virus titer was significantly (P < 0.05) lowered in the crop, the proventriculus, the gizzard, and the jejunum. However, there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two groups for NDV titers in the duodenum, ileum, and cecum. In chicken embryos, when E. coli serotypes O78 and O119:B14 were inoculated before NDV exposure, the mean NDV titers were significantly (P < 0.5) lowered. However, there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) in NDV titer between the two groups when E. coli serotypes O78:K80:NM and O1ab:K NM were inoculated 24 hr before NDV exposure. When NDV was given prior to E. coli exposure, NDV titer was higher in both chickens and chicken embryos. In chickens, when NDV was given 48 hr before E. coli inoculation, NDV was detected in the proventriculus, gizzard, jejunum, ileum, and cecum, whereas no virus was detected in the control groups (NDV only). In the crop, NDV was detected at a significantly (P < 0.05) higher titer in the E. coli-inoculated group when compared with the control group that received NDV alone. In chicken embryos, virus titer was significantly (P < 0.05) higher when NDV was given 24 hr before E. coli inoculation for all three NDV strains used (Ulster and V4 strains). Adherence of E. coli to chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells was significantly higher (P < 0.05) when the CEK cells were infected first with NDV and then by E. coli. The mean bacterial count per microscopic field in NDV-uninfected monolayers was eight compared with 112 for the NDV-infected monolayers. In approximately 10% of the fields in NDV-infected monolayers, the bacteria were too numerous to count.     

仙草对禽大肠杆菌的体外抑菌试验

为探讨仙草的药理活性,采用两倍稀释的定量分析方法分别测定仙草的根、茎、叶及全草对3个血清型的禽大肠杆菌体外抑菌的MIC,并对仙草全草水和醇提取液的体外抑菌特性进行比较。结果显示仙草中根、茎、叶及全草对禽大肠杆菌的体外抑菌的MIC在3.9～250g/L之间,显示仙草优良的抑菌效果和广阔的应用前景;仙草全草醇提取液的体外抑菌效果优于水提取液,为临床应用提供理论依据。