陆地棉ADH基因家族的全基因组鉴定及表达分析

本研究利用生物信息学方法对陆地棉ADH家族基因进行全基因组挖掘和分析,系统地解析Gh ADHs的序列特征、基因结构、染色体分布、非生物胁迫下基因表达模式以及蛋白进化关系、结构域特征与亚细胞定位等。结果表明:陆地棉基因组中共鉴定得到28个ADH,分布在16条染色体上;对应氨基酸可分为ADH1、FDH1、ADH0和BAD1等4个亚家族,长度从292~440个不等。均含有两个主要的结构域:催化结构域及辅酶结合结构域,且具有相同的亚细胞定位;表达分析显示大部分Gh ADHs对ABA、干旱、盐、碱、淹水、低温和高温等1种或多种胁迫表现出显著应答,暗示Gh ADHs在抵抗非生物胁迫中可能发挥重要作用。陆地棉ADH家族基因的鉴定与表达分析,为深入解析ADH响应棉花非生物胁迫中的功能及分子机制奠定了理论基础,进一步为棉花抗逆育种提供更多基因资源。     

茶树TLP基因家族的全基因组鉴定及表达分析

植物类甜蛋白(thaumatin-like protein, TLP)不止能参与宿主的多种发育进程还参与了胁迫反应。目前TLP已经在多种物种中被发现,但是对茶树中TLP家族基因的研究较少。本研究基于茶树基因组数据库筛选鉴定出43个茶树类甜蛋白基因,分别命名为CsTLP1～CsTLP43,对其基因结构、进化关系、染色体分布等进行分析,并基于其转录组数据进行了不同组织、PEG诱导的干旱胁迫和盐胁迫下的表达模式分析。结果表明：43个茶树TLP基因分别定位在11条染色体,其中14号染色体分布最多,包括8条基因家族成员,各染色体上基因分布不均;CsTLP的氨基酸数量为208～429 aa,分子量是22.33～46.41 kD,理论等电点(pl)为3.66～9.08,亲水性(GRAVY)介于-0.328～0.241,不稳定指数(Instability index)为19.65～59.93;基于TPIA中的转录组数据进行表达模式分析,分析结果显示,CsTLP基因在茎和嫩芽组织中表达水平较高;茶树在干旱胁迫、盐胁迫处理下不同的CsTLP基因存在差异表达,部分基因表达量上升明显,该结果说明在茶树生长发育...     

马铃薯StIgt基因家族的鉴定及其对干旱胁迫的响应分析

干旱胁迫是影响马铃薯产量和品质的主要非生物胁迫因素之一。马铃薯在抵御干旱胁迫的过程中,根系的生长发育和构型分布发挥着重要作用。Igt基因家族是普遍存在于植物中的一类功能基因,在调控植物根系构型和提高植株抗逆性等方面效果显著。本研究以马铃薯双单倍体‘DM-v4.03’高质量基因组为参考,在全基因组范围内分析鉴定了StIgt基因家族的成员,并采用多种生物信息学软件对其进行了系统进化树构建、染色体定位、保守蛋白结构域、基因结构和顺式元件预测。同时,利用本课题组前期对马铃薯四倍体品系在不同干旱条件下的转录组测序结果,分析了StIgts响应干旱胁迫的表达谱。结果表明,在马铃薯中共鉴定获得10个StIgt家族成员,其中StIgt1由本课题组前期克隆获得。除StIgt1位置信息不明外,其余基因不均匀地分布在1、2、5、7、10和11号染色体上。StIgt家族蛋白长度为110~283个氨基酸,分子量介于13.136~32.542 kD之间,预测等电点为3.82~9.86。系统进化树分析发现,该基因家族可分为3个亚族,亚族间的基因结构、蛋白保守域和顺式作用元件差别明显。干旱胁迫下的表达谱分析表明,StIgt6、StIgt7、StIgt9和StIgt10响应早期干旱胁迫,在干旱2 h时即迅速上调表达。这些结果为阐明StIgt基因家族的进化关系和进一步研究其成员的功能特性提供了理论基础。     

雷蒙德氏棉和亚洲棉Alfin-like PHD finger家族的生物信息学分析

Alfin-like PHD finger是植物中特有的一类转录调控因子,在调控植物生长发育、非生物胁迫响应及抗病反应等过程中起重要作用。为全面了解Alfin-like PHD finger基因家族在雷蒙德氏棉和亚洲棉基因组中的数目、分布情况及家族各成员间的关系,进而研究和揭示Alfin-like PHD finger在棉花抵抗逆境胁迫中的作用。运用生物信息学的方法在雷蒙德氏棉(D5)和亚洲棉(A2)全基因组中分别鉴定出12个和10个Alfin-like PHD finger基因家族成员,并对家族成员的基因结构、染色体定位、保守结构域及进化关系等方面进行分析。结果表明,雷蒙德氏棉和亚洲棉中Alfin-like PHD finger转录因子具有高度保守的DUF3594结构域和PHD结构域,两个二倍体棉花中该家族基因成员之间为一对一关系;雷蒙德氏棉中的12个成员基因分布在5条染色体上,亚洲棉中的10个成员基因也分布在5条染色体上;亚细胞定位预测发现,该家族的基因分别定位于细胞核、叶绿体基质、过氧化物酶体和细胞质基质;根据结构域差异和系统发育分析结果,将Alfin-like PHD finger转录因子家族分为3个进化分支。上述结果为分离鉴定棉花中新的逆境胁迫响应基因提供参考。     

甘蓝型油菜BnCNGC基因家族鉴定及其在核盘菌侵染和PEG处理下的表达特性分析

CNGC是植物中普遍存在的环核苷酸门控通道,对植物的逆境响应有重要作用。系统分析甘蓝型油菜BnCNGC基因家族成员全基因组分布、结构、进化及其响应不同逆境胁迫的表达特性,对于阐明其生物学功能具有重要意义。本研究利用拟南芥和甘蓝CNGC蛋白保守结构域及特异基序氨基酸序列在全基因组水平鉴定了甘蓝型油菜BnCNGC家族成员,分析其基因结构、染色体定位、蛋白理化性质、蛋白保守结构域、系统进化及启动子顺式作用元件等。利用转录组数据,筛选甘蓝型油菜逆境响应候选BnCNGC成员,并采用实时荧光定量PCR分析其在核盘菌、PEG模拟干旱胁迫下的表达模式。结果显示,共鉴定到49个甘蓝型油菜BnCNGC成员,分布于除A08、C06的17对染色体上,含有5～10个内含子,其上游1500 bp包含大量逆境胁迫响应元件。BnCNGC家族成员编码的蛋白质含413～801个氨基酸,相对分子量(MW)范围47.62～110.58kD,等电点(pI)范围6.10～9.88。系统进化分析表明,BnCNGC分为Group Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ四类。转录组数据分析表明, BnCNGC9、BnCNGC27和BnCNGC48均参与逆境胁...     

大豆PHD家族蛋白的全基因组鉴定及表达特征分析

PHD（Plant Homeodomain Finger）基因家族编码一类锌指转录因子,广泛参与植物的生长发育和逆境应答过程。通过全基因组鉴定获得了95个大豆PHD家族蛋白。通过共线性分析、进化树构建、基因结构和功能结构域鉴定、GO注释分析、不同组织间和非生物胁迫下表达分析等,获得了大豆PHD家族基因复制、家族进化、保守结构域及基因表达等信息。结果表明,大豆PHD基因在家族进化、基因结构和保守结构域上存在较大变异,可能参与Zn ²⁺结合、DNA结合及表观遗传调控等分子过程,参与调控植物生长发育和逆境应答。这些结果为进一步研究大豆PHD家族在生长发育和逆境应答中的生物学功能提供重要线索。     

甘薯全基因组SBP-box基因家族鉴定及表达分析

SBP (SQUAMOSA promoter binding proteins)家族是植物特有的一类转录因子家族,广泛存在于绿色植物中,调控植物生长发育、信号转导及响应非生物胁迫等多种生理过程。已有多种植物SBP-box基因相继被报道。为探究SBP-box基因在甘薯中的分布情况及对甘薯生长发育的影响,本研究从甘薯全基因组鉴定出30个SBP-box基因,依次命名为IbSPL1～IbSPL30,并分析了其基因结构、蛋白质结构和理化性质、系统进化关系、串联重复、启动子顺式作用元件分布和组织特异表达情况等。结果表明大部分甘薯SBP-box蛋白理化性质、结构有一定分化,甘薯SBP-box蛋白与拟南芥同源进化关系较近,不同亚家族间具有不同数量和类型的motif分布;甘薯SBP-box基因在染色体上分布较为均匀,除3条染色体外,其余12条染色体均有1～4个SBP-box基因分布,共线性分析发现甘薯SBP-box基因可能来源于多次片段重复事件;通过启动子区域顺式作用元件分析和不同组织、不同处理下的差异表达分析,发现16个基因与甘薯地上部分的生长发育相关,7个基因与干旱胁迫响应相关。本研究从各个角度分析...     

谷子LEA＿1基因家族鉴定及其渗透胁迫响应

胚胎发育晚期丰富(late embryogenesis abundant,LEA)蛋白在植物响应多种非生物胁迫过程中具有重要作用。基于表达谱测序数据我们分析了抗旱谷子品种(GG)和干旱敏感品种(JF)在PEG胁迫0.5 h前后LEA基因的表达变化,发现谷子LEA_1家族的Seita.6G114000基因在抗旱性不同的谷子品种中胁迫响应模式不同;利用同源序列比对和保守结构域分析我们系统鉴定得到5个谷子LEA_1家族蛋白(PF03760),该家族基因序列短,启动子区皆含多个ABRE元件,蛋白质N端序列高度保守;通过分析NCBI数据库中谷子转录组测序数据(SRA062640),发现谷子LEA_1家族基因在‘豫谷1号’中PEG胁迫7 h前后转录本丰度变化显著,表明LEA_1家族蛋白在谷子应对干旱胁迫过程中发挥重要作用。上述结果为深入研究LEA_1基因在逆境应答中的功能提供参考。     

玉米中低温应答ERF基因鉴定及表达分析

ERF转录因子在植物的多种发育过程和非生物胁迫反应中发挥重要作用。在玉米中,虽然ERF家族基因对盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的响应研究已经有报道,但尚没有研究从全基因组水平鉴定ERF家族基因对低温胁迫的响应。本研究采用高通量测序技术Illumina HiSeq,分别在5℃和22℃处理下构建玉米叶组织转录组,从中筛选出57条低温响应ZmERFs,包括53条上调表达的Zm ERFs,4条下调表达的Zm ERFs。不同的Zm ERFs在不同组织部位和发育阶段的表达模式有很大变化。蛋白保守结构域分析表明ZmERFs蛋白中共有20个保守基序,EAR基序出现在组B1成员中,LWSY基序出现在A1,A5和B2成员中。启动子分析显示,多种逆境相关元件ABRE、ARE、LTR和MBS在低温响应ZmERFs的启动子中高度富集。RT-qPCR结果进一步显示GRMZM2G544539和GRMZM2G040664基因可以同时受低温、盐和干旱胁迫诱导表达,GRMZM2G434203基因可以同时受低温和干旱胁迫诱导表达,表明ERF转录因子可以参与包括低温在内的多重非生物胁迫反应。此外,启动子中含有7个ABRE元件的GRMZM2...     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Evolution under domestication involving disturbance of genic balance

Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected.     

Genetic variation for disease and nematode resistances and forage quality in perennial diploid and tetraploid lucerne populations (Medicago sativa L.)

Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality.     

Review of Effects of Active Components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on Central Nervous System

In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,...     

Effects of Pb on Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activity and Chemical Constituents of Achyranthes bidentata Blume

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat...     

不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响

采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应.     

Isozyme variation between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth.

Summary Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids.     

Some physiological and photosynthetic characters of rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids

Summary Some photosynthetic characters as-leaf anatomy, leaf photosynthetic rate and CO₂ compensation pointdistinguishing C₃ and C₄ plants and physiological characters as leaf area ratio, nitrogen content, leaf stem ratio and total shoot-to-root and deep root-to-shoot ratios have been studied in rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids. Rice × sorghum 1. has lower values of photosynthetic rate, leaf nitrogen, total root and deep root-to-shoot ratio and CO₂ compensation point as of rice parent where as, rice × sorghym 2. is superior in all these characters. Both hybrids lack kranz anatomy. Though both rice × sorghum hybrids show characters of C₃ rice plant but rice × sorghum 2. has improved drought tolerance and leaf characters in relation to yield. Rice × wheat hybrid have higher assimilatory area and higher total root-to-shoot ratio. Grains of rice × wheat hybrids are identical to rice grain. However, as grains of rice × wheat hybrid does not contain seed coat, it could be exploited as novel rice germplasm after improvement.Abbreviations T CO₂ compensation point - T21 CO₂ compensation point at 21% O₂ - T2 CO₂ compensation point at 2% O₂ - dR/sR deep Root-to-shoot Ratio - LAR Leaf Area Ratio - CER photosynthetic rate - TR/SR Total Root-to-Shoot Ratio