稀土对尾叶桉幼林生长及土壤化学性质的影响

通过对稀土不同施用方式(稀土加入基肥、稀土溶液浸根和稀土溶液叶面喷施)对尾叶桉幼林的影响研究,结果表明:3种使用方法都对2.5 a生尾叶按幼林的生长起促进作用,在稀土加入基肥中,使用7.5 g/株效果最好;在稀土溶液浸根中,使用500 mg/kg效果最好;在稀土溶液叶面喷施中,使用200 mg/kg效果最好.从1.5 a生桉树幼林的单株生物量看,稀土加入基肥、稀土溶液浸根和稀土溶液叶面喷施3种施用稀土方式均使桉树幼林生物量得到不同程度的提高.稀土的3种施用方式均能使桉树幼林林地土壤养分含量得到不同程度的提高.影响程度的大小顺序为稀土加入基肥>稀土溶液浸根>稀土溶液叶面喷施.     

莽草酸及其复合物对冬枣枝叶生长及果实品质的影响

【目的】为枣树生长发育调控提供新途径。【方法】以冬枣为试材，设置30、60、90 mg/L莽草酸（ShA）处理，及60 mg/L ShA+5 g/L复合肥、5 g/L复合肥、60 mg/L ShA+5 mmol/L水杨酸（SA）、5 mmol/L SA、60 mg/L ShA+50 mg/L生长素（IAA）、50 mg/L IAA等9个处理，分别编号T1～T9，以清水为对照，分别于枣树展叶后和幼果期进行叶面喷施各2次，每次间隔10 d。观测枣树枝叶生长状况，并测定半红期果实的主要品质指标。【结果】与对照相比，T2、T5和T6处理均可以促进枣树叶片和枣吊的生长。其中，T6处理的冬枣叶长、叶宽、叶面积、枣吊长、叶绿素含量及光合速率均显著高于对照，表明莽草酸及其组合处理可显著促进枣树枝叶生长和提高光合速率。各处理的叶片光合速率为8.04～13.28μmol/(m2·s)，其中T1、T2、T4、T6、T7、T8和T9处理的叶片光合速率显著高于对照，T5处理显著低于对照，T3处理与对照无显著差异，T6处理促进冬枣叶片叶绿素积累和提高光合速率的效果最为显著。在果实外观品质上，T1处理显著提高了单果...     

生物有机肥对非耕地设施葡萄品质的影响

以3a生日光温室延后栽培‘红地球’葡萄为试材,以2种生物有机肥（农日升有机肥、氨基酸液肥）进行灌根、叶面喷施、灌根＋叶面喷施处理,研究了生物有机肥对红地球葡萄果实品质的影响。结果表明：施用生物有机肥后可明显提高红地球葡萄单粒重、果穗重、可溶性固形物含量、花青素含量、维生素C（Vc）含量,同时降低果实中可滴定酸含量。对于农日升有机肥,根施结合叶面喷施效果相对最好,而氨基酸液肥叶面喷施效果相对最好,合理施用2种生物有机肥均能提高延后栽培葡萄的品质、增加经济效益、提升葡萄的商品价值。     

几种芒果品种的蛋白质、氨基酸和维生素C含量

九个芒果品种的蛋白质含量在0.98g/100g至3.27g/100g间;维生素C在14mg/100g至57mg/100g之间;游离氨基酸则变化较大。在所有的九个芒果品种中,游离氨基酸中有:丙氨酸、谷氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、脯氨酸和缬氨酸。在所有的品种中芒果肮缀氨基酸有:丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、精氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸和缬氨酸。品种和栽培条件对芒果肮缀氨基酸组份无影响。     

闽南桉树人工林土壤养分现状与配方施肥效果

在对闽南桉树林地土壤养分进行调查分析与评价的基础上,于2016年采用尾巨桉DH32-29轻基质网袋苗开展造林施肥中试试验,探讨不同施肥处理对尾巨桉人工林生长量的影响。结果表明:九龙江流域漳州段桉树林地土壤有机质、水解氮和速效钾含量仅为中等偏下水平,全氮、全磷和速效磷极端贫乏,部分地域有效锌和硼的含量极低,土壤交换性钙和交换性镁含量也普遍贫乏,土壤普遍呈酸性或强酸性。配方施肥中试表明,最优配方施肥方案:每穴施钙镁磷500 g+复合肥250 g作基肥,当年第1次追施尿素25 g+复合肥25 g+ZnSO_4 4 g+硼砂10 g,当年第2次追施尿素120 g+NPK复合肥120 g,第2年追施复合肥150 g+尿素150 g。该施肥模式下,桉树人工林生长最佳,2. 5年生林分树高、胸径、单株材积分别可达17. 10 m、12. 80 cm、0. 138 m~3。     

施肥处理对杨树黄化苗木叶部氧化酶及叶绿素含量的影响

在前期土壤分析的基础上对苏北杨树黄化苗木进行了施肥处理：根施硫镁复合肥＋叶面喷施叶肥。通过对处理组与对照组不同部位、不同黄化级别的叶片内生化物质含量的分析表明：处理组对杨树黄化苗木各项生化指标均有影响,其中对叶片叶绿素含量、POD酶含量以及PPO酶含量的升高均有促进作用,施肥处理使得它们分别提高了2．3倍、3．6倍和2...     

施肥对毛竹鞭笋营养成分、呈味物质及氨基酸组分的影响

【目的】为毛竹鞭笋经营培育和开发利用提供参考。【方法】以毛竹鞭笋为研究对象,设置了不施肥（CK）、施用复合肥（F）和施用有机肥+复合肥（YF）3种处理方案,测定并分析不同处理下鞭笋中可溶性固形物、粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、单宁、草酸以及氨基酸的含量。【结果】在毛竹鞭笋的营养成分中,施肥对可溶性固形物含量具有显著影响,其中F处理和YF处理下含量分别为9.08%和8.55%,显著高于CK(6.67%),增幅分别为36%和28%,而其他成分含量受施肥的影响不显著,粗蛋白含量为1.96%～2.22%,粗脂肪含量为0.21%～0.27%。在3种处理之间可溶性糖含量差异显著,YF处理的含量最高（47.65 mg/g）,显著大于F处理和CK中的可溶性糖含量（40.80、34.21 mg/g）。可滴定酸和草酸含量在不同处理间差异不显著。施肥未显著改变毛竹鞭笋中总氨基酸含量（4.859～5.501 mg/g）。整体上,毛竹鞭笋中各呈味氨基酸含量由高到低依次为甜味氨基酸、苦味氨基酸、芳香味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸。施肥对毛竹鞭笋中呈味氨基酸含量存在显著影响,施肥处理显著增加了鲜味和甜味氨基酸含...     

桉树人工林施肥方案的灰色决策分析

在福建省安溪白濑国有林场采用鸡粪300 g.株-1+桉树专用肥、复合肥、尿素+复合肥、红四方等4组肥料,各设4种施肥量,共16个施肥处理进行桉树3229家系幼林施肥试验,以灰色决策分析理论选择桉树最佳施肥方案。结果表明,施肥当年以施鸡粪300 g.株-1+桉树专用肥100 g.株-1对促进桉树幼林生长效果最好,且成本相对较低。     

不同施肥处理对麻疯树雌雄花比例和挂果的影响

通过不同施肥配方处理麻疯树,探索能够增加雌雄花比例的和产量的施肥配比。结果表明,施用NPK复合肥100 g+微量元素肥100 g/株,能在促进生长开花、增加雌雄花比例效果最好,同时还能降低油脂的酸值;加硫NPK复合肥100 g/株在促进开花结果方面表现最好,同时还显著提高了麻疯树种子的含油量。在麻疯树栽培生产实践中,可考虑施用含硫肥料和含硼的微量元素肥。     

缓释肥及其施用方式对雷竹林肥料吸收利用的影响

对雷竹Phyllostachysviolascens‘Prevernalis’林开展穴施缓释肥和沟施缓释肥实验,以常规撒施复合肥为对照,通过对雷竹林土壤养分、竹株（包括地上茎、竹枝、竹叶、竹鞭和竹根）生物量干质量和植物组织养分的分析,研究缓释肥及其施用方式对雷竹林肥料吸收利用的影响。结果表明：不同施肥处理下,雷竹林土壤pH均有不同程度的降低,其中以常规施肥处理下降最多,达到0.52个pH单位;土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的积累量由大到小均为常规施肥处理>穴施缓释肥处理≈沟施缓释肥处理,常规施肥处理中土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾积累较施肥前分别增加26.40%、20.74%和3.98%;竹株总生物量干质量为常规施肥（985.37g）<穴施缓释肥（1 276.49 g）≈沟施缓释肥（1 119.85 g）;竹株全氮、全磷、全钾含量表现为常规施肥<穴施缓释肥≈沟施缓释肥;与常规施肥相比,穴施和沟施缓释肥促进了竹株对氮、磷、钾元素的吸收;综合肥料利用效果,穴施和沟施缓释肥处理显著优于常规施肥,穴施对雷竹地上部分养分吸收利用的促进作用最为显著,沟施对雷竹地下部分养分吸收利用的促进作...     

Effects of Acidic Precipitation and Ectomycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth,Mineral Nutrition,and Xylem Water Potential of Juvenile Loblolly Pine and White Oak

Abstract

Individual and interactive effects of simulated acidic rainfall and mycorrhizal inoculation on growth and nutrient and water relations of loblolly pine (Pinus taedaL.) and white oak (Quercus albaL.) grown in a loam soil were examined. Seedlings of each species inoculated with basidiospores of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius(Pers.) Coker and Couch, a known my-cobiont of both loblolly pine and white oak, and uninoculated control seedlings received two simulated rains per week of either pH 3.6, 4.2, or 4.8 for 26 weeks. Higher acidity rainfall reduced the growth but increased mycorrhizal colonization of loblolly pine, while both loblolly pine and white oak exposed to these rains exhibited greater foliar injury. Inoculation with P. tinctoriusincreased growth and reduced foliar injury of both species. Foliar concentrations of P, S, and Cu in loblolly pine and white oak, Ca in loblolly pine, and Fe and Zn in white oak decreased with increasing rain acidity while the Al concentration of both species increased. Higher rainfall acidity also reduced soil pH and Ca and Mg concentrations while increasing soil AI. Foliage of inoculated seedlings of both species had higher N and P concentrations and lower Al concentrations than control seedlings. Following the final rain applications, a drought cycle was simulated by withholding irrigation for two weeks during which seedling xylem pressure potential and soil water potential were measured. One day after cessation of irrigation, xylem pressure potential of loblolly pine that had received pH 3.6 rains was lower than that of other treatments. Thereafter, xylem pressure potential and soil water potential of the inoculated treatment decreased below those of the control treatment in both species. These results suggest that acid deposition is detrimental to juvenile loblolly pine and white oak, but the magnitude of this effect is less than the positive response to ectomycorrhizal inoculation.     

Dry-matter partitioning in loblolly and slash pine: Effects of fertilization and irrigation

The effects of fertilization and irrigation, singly and in combination, on growth and dry-matter allocation in seedlings of Pinus taeda and P. elliottii were investigated under field conditions. Trickle irrigation was regulated to maintain soil water potential above −10 kPa and 111 g of fertilizer (N:P:K 10:10:10 plus micronutrients) were banded around each seedling on three occasions. Treatments were initiated at the beginning of the second growing-season in the field, the same year sampling was conducted. Sampling consisted of complete excavation of 15 seedlings per treatment per species beginning in early April and continued every 6 weeks through mid-November, 1986. Each seedling was measured for height, root-collar diameter, foliage, stem and root dry-matter, and total needle surface-area. Allometric growth-analysis was used to determine dry-matter partitioning among the various tree components.

The cultural treatments affected the two species differently. Loblolly pine responded to treatments by shifting dry-matter allocation from roots to shoots, with the greatest increase observed in the fertilization treatment. Slash pine showed a similar response to irrigation and to irrigation plus fertilization, but increased allocation to roots under the fertilization treatment. Allocation to stems was greater than to foliage in both species and treatments except the control loblolly pine.     

Production efficiency of loblolly pine and sweetgum in response to four years of intensive management

We tested the hypothesis that productivity of intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) stands is dependent not only on leaf area, but also on foliar photosynthetic rate. Effects of irrigation (irrigation treatment), irrigation with a fertilizer solution (fertigation treatment), and fertigation + pest control (loblolly pine only; fertigation + pest control treatment) on leaf physiology and growth were compared with control plots during the third and fourth growing seasons. Complete weed control was maintained on all plots. Aboveground net primary productivity of loblolly pine and sweetgum increased from 16.3 to 40.5 Mg ha(-1) and from 4.2 to 23.9 Mg ha(-1), respectively, in response to the most intensive treatment. Relative to the control treatment, neither fertigation of sweetgum nor fertigation + pest control of loblolly pine had a significant or consistent influence on foliar N concentration, quantum yield, carboxylation efficiency, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, or production efficiency (increment in woody biomass per unit leaf area). Irrigation increased predawn leaf water potential and photosynthesis of loblolly pine, but it had no effect on production efficiency. Leaf area was the predominant determinant of maximum productivity in these rapidly growing plantations.     

火炬松施肥当年效应初报

在福建省上杭县进行的火炬松施肥试验表明,造林时施肥当年就有明显肥效,单施磷肥高生长增加22%—38%,地径增加28%—41%;单株理想的施肥量为71g过磷酸钙,氮磷配合的肥料效果最佳,高生长增加81%,地径增加80%;火炬松造林当年不必施钾肥。     

Simulated biomass and soil carbon of loblolly pine and cottonwood plantations across a thermal gradient in southeastern United States

Changes in biomass and soil carbon with nitrogen fertilization were simulated for a 25-year loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation and for three consecutive 7-year short-rotation cottonwood (Populus deltoides) stands. Simulations were conducted for 17 locations in the southeastern United States with mean annual temperatures ranging from 13.1 to 19.4 °C. The LINKAGES stand growth model, modified to include the “RothC” soil C and soil N model, simulated tree growth and soil C status. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased cumulative cottonwood aboveground biomass in the three rotations from a site average of 106 to 272 Mg/ha in 21 years. The equivalent site averages for loblolly pine showed a significant increase from 176 and 184 Mg/ha in 25 years with fertilization. Location results, compared on the annual sum of daily mean air temperatures above 5.5 °C (growing-degree-days), showed contrasts. Loblolly pine biomass increased whereas cottonwood decreased with increasing growing-degree-days, particularly in cottonwood stands receiving N fertilization. The increment of biomass due to N addition per unit of control biomass (relative response) declined in both plantations with increase in growing-degree-days. Average soil C in loblolly pine stands increased from 24.3 to 40.4 Mg/ha in 25 years and in cottonwood soil C decreased from 14.7 to 13.7 Mg/ha after three 7-year rotations. Soil C did not decrease with increasing growing-degree-days in either plantation type suggesting that global warming may not initially affect soil C. Nitrogen fertilizer increased soil C slightly in cottonwood plantations and had no significant effect on the soil C of loblolly stands.     

Phosphorus fertilizer,soils, and site preparation influence loblolly pine productivity

Growth and yield of 12-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations were compared among five subsoil textures, seven site preparation methods, with and without phosphorus fertilizer. Phosphorus broadcast before planting increased the mean size of the loblolly pine trees. However, soil differences significantly influenced stand survival, and the method of site preparation significantly affected total stand yield. Therefore, the influence of phosphorus on total stand yield depended on soil type and site preparation method. The site preparation-fertilizer combinations yielding the most volume per soil type were: on the Lucy, Ruston, and Wagram soils, shear-windrow site preparation with phosphorus; on the Kirvin and Shubuta soils, chop-burn-harrow site preparation without phosphorus; on the Calloway and Henry soils, double chopping without phosphorus; on the Sawyer soil, chopburn-harrow site preparation with phosphorus; and on the Boswell, Cadeville, Gore, and Susquehanna soils, shear-windrow-harrow site preparation without phosphorus. Soil differences and phosphorus fertilization influenced the incidence of fusiform rust in 12-year-old stands of loblolly pine.     

Effects of carbon dioxide, fertilization, and irrigation on photosynthetic capacity of loblolly pine trees

Branches of nine-year-old loblolly pine trees grown in a 2 x 2 factorial combination of fertilization and irrigation were exposed for 11 months to ambient, ambient + 175, or ambient + 350 micro mol mol(-1) CO(2). Rates of light-saturated net photosynthesis (A(max)), maximum stomatal conductance to water vapor (g(max)), and foliar nitrogen concentration (% dry mass) were assessed monthly from April 1993 until September 1993 on 1992 foliage (one-year-old) and from July 1993 to March 1994 on 1993 foliage (current-year). Rates of A(max) of foliage in the ambient + 175 CO(2) treatment and ambient + 350 were 32-47 and 83-91% greater, respectively, than that of foliage in the ambient CO(2) treatment. There was a statistically significant interaction between CO(2) treatment and fertilization or irrigation treatment on A(max) on only one measurement date for each age class of foliage. Light-saturated stomatal conductance to water vapor (g(max)) was significantly affected by CO(2) treatment on only four measurement dates. Light-saturated g(max) in winter was only 42% of summer g(max) even though soil water during winter was near field capacity and evaporative demand was low. Fertilization increased foliar N concentration by 30% over the study period when averaged across CO(2) treatments. During the study period, the ambient + 350 CO(2) treatment decreased average foliar N concentration of one-year-old foliage in the control, irrigated, fertilized and irrigated + fertilized plots by 5, 6.4, 9.6 and 11%, respectively, compared with one-year-old foliage in the corresponding ambient CO(2) treatments. The percent increase in A(max) due to CO(2) enrichment was similar in all irrigation and fertilization treatments and the effect persisted throughout the 11-month study period for both one-year-old and current-year foliage.     

The effect of weed control and fertilization on survival and growth of four pine species in the Virginia Piedmont

The growth response of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.), Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill.), and white pine (Pinus strobus L.) to weed control and fertilization in the Piedmont of Virginia was assessed. Four different silvicultural treatments were evaluated: (1) check (no treatment); (2) weed control; (3) fertilization; (4) weed control plus fertilization. The weed control treatment included a series of herbicide and mechanical treatments to eliminate competing hardwoods. The fertilizer treatments added N, P, K, and S. Survival and growth was measured annually through age 5. There were significant differences in survival and growth among species. Survival was greatest for loblolly pine, lower in shortleaf and Virginia pine, and lowest in white pine. Fertilization without controlling the competing hardwoods decreased survival in all planted pines due to the increased hardwood competition. Loblolly pine was tallest through the 5-year period, shortleaf and Virginia pine were shorter and white pine was shortest. Silvicultural treatments had no impact on tree height but significantly affected DBH. Weed control increased DBH while fertilization did not. When applied in combination with weed control, there was no additional increase in growth of the pines due to fertilization beyond that from weed control only. Fertilization stimulated the growth of the competing hardwoods which were significantly taller in the fertilized plots.     

基于回归旋转分析的秦岭北坡华山松容器育苗基质配比和施肥技术

[目的]探究容器育苗氮肥、磷肥施用量和基质配比的最佳组合.[方法]以秦岭北坡华山松天然分布区为试验地,采用三因素二次回归通用旋转组合设计,建立了华山松容器苗各生长指标与氮肥、磷肥施用量和基质配比的回归模型并进行分析.[结果]影响华山松苗高的因素主次为:磷肥>氮肥>基质配比;地径:氮肥>磷肥>基质配比;针叶数:磷肥>氮肥...     

Importance of weed control, fertilization, irrigation, and genetics in slash and loblolly pine early growth on poorly drained spodosols

Research reported here has evaluated interactions of factors limiting the biological potential of slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly pine (P. Taeda L.). Water and nutrients were manipulated by irrigation, weed control, and intensive fertilization. Genetic factors were incorporated as (1) improved loblolly seedlings from a commercial clonal seed orchard and (2) slash seedlings from four fast-growing, open-pollinated seed-orchard clones. Three replications of a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment were established on a Typic Haplaquod soil in northern Florida using four cultural treatments: no treatment (F0H0); weed control (F0H1); fertilizer (F1F0); and combination of weed control and fertilizer (F1H1) for each species. During the first year there were large, sustained responses to all cultural practices. Loblolly and slash pine showed similar growth responses and had a lengthened growing season (60–100 days). Slash pine growth was superior to that of loblolly. Growth responses observed during the first year continued. After 4 years, irrigation had no measurable effect on tree growth. Both pine species responded equally to F1H0 and F0H1, but slash retained a slight edge. Extra nutrients]available via fertilizer, reduced competition, or additional rooting space, increased slash-pine volume index from an average of 2.0 m³ ha⁻¹ (F0H0) to 11.90 and 13.59 m³ ha⁻¹ (F0H1 and F1H0, respectively). The F1H1 treatment produced the largest slash-pine response, diameter at breast height (D_bh) averaged 9.84 cm, height reached 5.02 m, and volume index rose to about 22.94 m³ ha⁻¹. With teh F1H1 treatment, average loblolly-pine height and volume exceeded that of the average slash pine. At age 4, the growth response due to increased nutrient supply was 13–29 times that of the best genetic response within F0H0 trees of the four slash-pine progenies. The best-growing slash-pine family (6–56) exceeded loblolly-pine growth under all four treatments and approximated the vigor shown by slash pine in the southern hemisphere.