番茄穴盘育苗营养面积选择试验初报

轻基质穴盘育苗在国外亦称为“塞子苗 生产”(1)。根据蔬菜生产的需求和作物不同, 穴盘种类不同,目前生产上常用的苗盘外形 规格多为宽27cm,长54cm,因其中所含穴 孔数不同,分为392孔, 288孔, 128孔和72 孔等,故苗子在不同孔数的苗盘中生长发育,其所占用的营养面积不同。 据报道:营养面积对幼苗质量影响较大[2],育苗期的栽植密度与苗的发育和营养状态有关,它影响花芽的分化和发育[3]成苗期间秧苗的生长受营养面积的影响达三分之二以上[4] 北京地区春季传统育苗多采用较大营养面积的营养土方或塑料营养钵育苗,穴盘育苗是对这一传统育苗方式的…     

花椰菜穴盘育苗技术研究

穴盘育苗具有省种、省工、便于规模化生产、种苗定植后易成活等优点，在蔬菜生产中的应用愈益广泛。在穴盘育苗中，基质和营养面积是影响秧苗质量的两个重要因素。本试验旨在探讨不同孔径大小的穴盘及不同基质对花椰菜幼苗生长的影响，以期筛选出合适的基质配方和穴盘规格，为花椰菜穴盘育苗提供科学有效、经济适用的技术方案。     

不同介质对蔬菜幼苗生长发育性状的影响

基质穴盘育苗是工厂化育苗的核心技术,能否简捷地育出好苗,基质又是关键中的关键.为了加快基质、穴盘育苗技术的尽快普及,加强对基质穴盘育苗优点的认识,也为基质穴盘育苗技术的推广提供理论依据,我们特进行了不同育苗介质的对比试验,尤其是为消除部分群众对基质穴盘育苗技术的认识误区,进行了介质和营养土育苗的对比试验.     

番茄穴盘育苗苗龄和营养面积的研究

不同的营养面积对番茄秧苗质量的影响随着苗龄的增加而作用明显 ,全面衡量苗龄对产量形成的影响及穴盘育苗所能给予的营养面积 ,番茄穴盘育苗应提倡中龄苗定植。苗龄大小与育苗营养面积大小都会对产量形成产生明显的影响 ,前者产量时期的分布趋向于前高—后低或前低—后高 ,在总产量上得到一定程度的平衡 ;而后者随着营养面积的减小 ,产量水平逐渐下降。     

甜椒穴盘育苗营养面积和苗龄对秧苗素质及产量的影响

在穴盘育苗条件下,对甜椒的适宜营养面积及苗龄进行了研究,结果表明:与72孔苗相比,50孔苗的各项指标均有不同程度的提高,且营养面积与苗龄之间存在互作效应.不同类型穴盘条件下,均表现为大龄(65天)苗素质较差,前期产量较高,但总产量较低;小龄(35天)苗总产量最高,但前期产量最低;中龄(50天)苗素质较好,前期产量及总产量均较高,特别是50孔中龄苗的总产量与小龄苗的差异不显著,具有较高的生产能力.     

青花菜工厂化穴盘育苗的生产技术

传统的青花菜育苗方式易受气候条件和各种病虫害影响,质量不高的幼苗则会降低青花菜的品质和产量。该文从品种选择、穴盘选择、基质配制与消毒、苗期管理和病虫害防治等方面介绍了青花菜工厂化穴盘育苗的生产技术。     

不同规格穴盘育苗对大白菜生长及产量的影响

采用商品基质及4种常用规格穴盘,进行大白菜育苗栽培试验.试验结果表明,随穴盘孔数的增加,单穴营养面积的降低,大白菜苗的株高、叶展、叶数等生长指标下降,定植后产量下降.说明当大白菜苗形成完整根坨、脱盘不散时即应定植,随着苗龄的增长,定植后产量降幅越大;夏秋季,以72孔的穴盘育苗栽培增值效果最佳;秋冬季以50孔的穴盘育苗栽...     

黄瓜不同基质育苗试验

穴盘基质育苗是蔬菜育苗的一大技术革新,克服了传统的营养钵育苗成苗率较低、苗病难控制、用工成本高、苗床占用面积大等弊端,具有节省劳动力,提高效率,改善幼苗质量等优点,目前我们已在番茄、莴笋、黄瓜、苦瓜、西兰花、甘蓝、花菜、大白菜、青菜、芹菜等蔬菜品种育苗上进行示范推广.为了选择合适的育苗基质,更好的发挥穴盘基质育苗的优势,我们选择应用较多的黄瓜为试验对象,进行不同基质育苗试验,并考察穴盘育苗对比营养钵育苗在缓苗、生长势、产量等方面的优缺点.现将试验结果总结如下.     

不同规格穴盘育苗对茄苗及其栽培效益的影响

为完善茄子穴盘育苗技术,对比研究了不同规格穴盘育苗的茄苗素质及栽培效益。结果表明:32孔规格穴盘育苗比50孔茄苗素质明显提升;移栽单栋钢架大棚后,32孔穴盘育苗的茄子早熟性比50孔穴盘育苗平均提前5 d,总产量增加15.3%;667 m~2投入成本32孔穴盘育苗比50孔穴盘育苗增加75.3%(35.6元),而收益增加了2 427.9元。因此建议大棚茄子种植采用32孔规格穴盘进行育苗。     

北方春露地辣椒穴盘育苗技术

正随着鄂尔多斯地区露地辣椒种植面积的不断扩大,辣椒传统育苗方法越来越显露出弊端,如成苗率低,土传病害严重,运输不便等。当地农业推广部门经过试验,引进了穴盘无土育苗法,取得了很好的效果。穴盘育苗的优点在于省种节本,缓苗期短,成苗率高,病害轻,便于运输。目前穴盘育苗已成为许多国家专业化商品苗生产的主要方式。穴盘育苗技术是采用专用的穴盘,用有机营养土代替苗床营养土,播种或移苗后,通过人工喷施营养液进行苗床管理,操作方便,是实现精量播种,     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。