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近年来,随着小麦生产水平的不断提高及长期使用单一除草剂,三原县麦田杂草群落发生较大变化,尤其是恶性杂草麦家公、猪殃殃、婆婆纳、野燕麦、节节麦等发生范围逐渐扩大,危害程度日趋严重。在小麦生产中,多数群众习惯在春季使用化学除草剂除草。其实冬前比冬后进行化学除草的效果更好。这是由于麦田杂草有2个出草高峰,冬前杂草出土量占杂草总量的90%以上,来年出土量不足10%,且年后出土的杂草因被麦苗覆盖,长势弱,对小麦生长不会造成很大影响。因而改变传统春季用药习惯,进行冬前化学除草,是有效控制麦田杂草危害的最佳做法。1冬前化学除草的… 相似文献
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10%骠灵是江阴农药厂开发的与进口骠马类似的新型麦田高效除草剂。本试验旨在探索骠灵的用药量、用药适期、安全性及除草效果,为麦田应用提供科学依据。1材料与方法1.1试验药剂10%骠绿合剂(江阴农药厂产),10%源灵(江阴农药厂产),70%麦草净2号(吴县农药厂产),21%麦田净(江阴农药厂产),6.9%骠马(进口)。1.2试验方法田间试验分秋季用药与春季用药。试验设在本市市闭镇经西村,土质为沙壤,前茬水稻,肥力中等,麦苗长势较好,杂草基数偏高的麦田。小麦品种为扬麦158,10月24日左右播种。田间杂草种群,秋季施药田以看… 相似文献
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小麦田除草剂的使用技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1 施药时间 以前,大部分农户麦田化学除草是在春季进行,当看到杂草株龄和密度很大时,甚至超过小麦密度时才喷药防治.由于杂草株龄越大,抗药性就越强,就要增加药量,这样既增加了防治成本,也容易对后茬作物产生药害,如果使用48%百草敌和2,4-D施药时间太晚,就会导致小麦不结粒.我们经过多年试验示范结果表明,大力推广冬前施药除草新技术效果很好.在正常播种年份,麦田杂草已出苗90%左右,这时杂草幼苗组织幼嫩、抗药性弱,而且麦田覆盖度小、杂草易被杀死. 相似文献
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10%膘灵乳油是江阴农药厂引进研制的内吸传导型革氧丙酸类选择性芽后除草剂。为了探索缥灵防除日本看表娘的最佳用量、最佳用药期和对麦苗的安全性,我们进行了两年的试验。现将试验结果报告如下。l材料与方法1.l试验地点试验分冬前用药和春季用药。冬前用药在宜兴市宜丰乡周家村进行,供试田土壤有机质含量中等,地力均匀,田间杂草密度较高。春季用药在锡山市查桥镇大库村进行,选择冬季米用药田块,小麦长势平衡,杂草分布比较均匀,草种以日本着麦娘为主。1.2试验药剂10%源灵乳油(江阴农药厂产);6.9%膘马浓乳剂(艾格福公司产… 相似文献
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江苏省宝应县植保植检站于1999~2000年进行了美国富美公司研制开发的40%唑草酯干悬浮剂(商品名快灭灵,下称)防除麦田(1999年11月15日播种,品种为扬麦158)阔叶杂草的田间药效及安全性试验,其结果表明,快灭灵可有效地防除小麦田阔叶杂草。用量以4g/667m2为宜。于小麦二叶期(冬前)或春季(3月上旬)施药,对猪殃殃、繁缕等阔叶杂草的综合防效达85%以上,且持效期可达30d左右。但快灭灵单用或与骠马混用对小麦均有一定程度的药害,主要表现为叶片产生接触性灼伤斑点,药后30~40d恢复。就其药… 相似文献
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双酯灵对北方三种主要作物的安全试验初报 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用室内盆栽法,将尚未进入市场的具有除草活性的新化合物双酯灵用播后苗前土表喷雾和苗后茎叶喷雾法施药,分别对北方三种主要作物(小麦、玉米、大豆)进行安全性试验。试验结果表明,用于播后芽前土表施药时,三种作物可正常出苗的双酯灵最高施和剂量为150g/亩;而有采用茎叶喷雾施药时,小麦与大豆最高承受的双酯灵剂量为300g/亩,而玉米则为150g/亩。 相似文献
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10%抑多威乳油防治小麦锈病田间试验初报姚安庆,李纯忠(湖北农学院荆州434103)(江陵县李埠园林场)小麦锈病和赤霉病是影响小麦生产的两大主要病害,常年混合发生,防治上需采取两种药剂分别进行防治。不但增加防治成本和施药次数,且因反复用药农民难于掌握... 相似文献
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麦田杂草防除效果差是长期困扰江苏张家港地区小麦种植户的问题。笔者选取5种当地市售常用除草剂,比较在不同时期(播后封闭、冬前茎叶喷雾和春季茎叶喷雾)施用的除草效果。结果表明,使用封闭除草剂对田间杂草有明显的抑制作用,仅使用茎叶喷雾除草对杂草抑制效果有限,封闭配合茎叶喷雾处理,对麦田杂草的防除效果更显著。无论是否采用封闭除草,春季使用茎叶除草剂的效果都要优于冬季。除草剂的使用能显著提高小麦产量。因此,结合当地实际,"一封一杀"即小麦播后7 d内进行封闭除草,春季再进行1次茎叶除草具有除草效果好、经济、易操作等优点,值得在当地麦田大力推广应用。 相似文献
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The nature of a reductive system which actively degrades mexacarbate in the rat intestine and liver was investigated. The system is characterized by its stability against heat and protease treatments and its requirements for a flavin cofactor and an acidic pH for a maximum activity. As a result of purification and spectroscopic identification attempts the system responsible for the above reductive activity was identified to be flavoprotein. Under anerobic conditions such flavoproteinflavin cofactor systems degrade mexacarbate first to 4-N-desmethylmexacarbate and then to polar water-soluble metabolites. 相似文献
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利用祁连山老虎沟地区海拔4200m气象观测站2010年的观测资料,采用FAO Penman-Monteith公式,再利用作物系数法,对高寒草甸生长季(5月22-9月22)的蒸散发量进行估算和分析。结果发现:研究期共有124天,蒸散发总量为238.3mm,日均为1.87mm·d-1。生长初期、生长中期、生长末期的蒸散发总量依次为22.6mm,179.1mm,36.6mm,依次占研究期总量的8.4%,75.2%,15.3%。5月下旬至6月中旬,日均蒸散发量以较低水平缓慢上升;6月下旬迅速增加;6月末至7月中旬猛然回落;7月中旬至8月末,日均蒸散发量迅速上升且维持在较高水平;此后直到9月22日,缓慢减少。5-9月月蒸散发总量依次为6.6mm,46.4mm,74.5mm,77.6mm,33.1mm。 相似文献
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西北地区冬季室内三种常绿植物的光合特性比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
使用Li-6400XT便携式气体交换系统的红蓝光源和液化CO_2钢瓶注入系统,模拟冬季室内较密闭环境下存在较高CO_2浓度且为弱光环境,设置CO_2浓度为600μmol·mol~(-1),并以400μmol·mol~(-1)作为对照组(CK),对绿萝(Scindapsus aureus)、鹅掌柴(Scheffera octophlla(Lour).Harins)和燕子掌(Crassula agenten Thunb.)进行光响应(Pn-PAR)曲线的测定。结果显示:在CO_2浓度600μmol·mol~(-1)下,三种植物的光饱和点(LSP)均比(CK)更早出现,绿萝和鹅掌柴总体的净光合速率(Pn)比(CK)高,燕子掌比(CK)低;绿萝的最大光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)和表观量子效率(YAQ)均最高,分别为5.62±0.145μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、373.51±24.15μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)和0.041±0.003μmol·μmol~(-1),但暗呼吸速率(Rd)较低(-0.51±0.14μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1));鹅掌柴和绿萝的水分利用率(WUE)和蒸腾速率(Tr),极显著高于燕子掌(P<0.01);绿萝的叶绿素SPAD值最高(70.03±4.18),极显著高于其余两种(P<0.01)。研究表明,绿萝对光照具有最强的利用能力,且能在高CO_2浓度且干旱的环境里健康生长,并能对室内环境起到较强的增湿效应,是西北地区冬季较为理想的室内植物。 相似文献
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Aetiology of Rhizoctonia in sheath blight of maize in Sichuan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rhizoctonia isolates obtained from maize grown in commercial fields in 33 representative counties (or cities) in Sichuan province in China were characterized according to colony morphology, hyphal anastomosis and pathogenicity. Of 141 isolates, 116 were identified as R. solani , 23 as R. zeae and two as binucleate Rhizoctonia . The isolates of R. solani were assigned to four anastomosis groups (AG): AG-1-IA (101 isolates, accounting for 71.6% of the total), AG-1-IB (2, 1.4%), AG-4 (9, 6.4%) and AG-5 (4, 2.8%). The two isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia belonged to AG-K. On maize, isolates of AG-1-IA caused typical sheath blight symptoms. Lesions produced by isolates of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were darker than those of AG-1-IA. Rhizoctonia zeae usually caused discontinuous lesions with a dark brown margin and a brown centre on the leaf sheaths, as well as ear rot. Isolates of AG-1-IA were the most virulent to maize, with an average lesion length of approximately 15 cm. Isolates of R. zeae produced lesions approximately 12 cm long, while those of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were progressively shorter. On potato dextrose agar (PDA; pH 6.4), the minimum temperature for mycelial growth of R. zeae isolates was 14–18°C, the maximum 38–40°C and optimum 30°C. Isolates of R. zeae did not grow on PDA (28°C) at pH 2.0, the optimum for growth being pH 6.4. 相似文献
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Incidence of benomyl and iprodione resistance in isolates of Botrytis cinerea in tomato crops in England and Wales in 1986 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
In 1986, mass-mycelial isolates of Botrytis cinerea from 67 tomato crops in England and Wales were examined for benomyl and iprodione resistance. Of the 706 isolates obtained, 62.7% were resistant to benomyl at 2μg/ml and 43.2% were resistant to iprodione at 2 μg/ml. Iprodione resistance persisted in the absence of a dicarboximide spray programme. The incidence of benomyl resistance has not decreased since the last survey in 1984 in spite of a considerable reduction in the use of benzimidazole fungicides. There were no clear indications that the use of dichlofluanid influenced the incidence of benomyl or iprodione resistance. Disease control was poorer in crops with a higher incidence of iprodione resistance. 相似文献
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A. D. Avgelis 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1987,93(4):153-158
During a survey of virus diseases affecting pepper grown in plastic houses in Crete, during 1984–1986, tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were detected. The most common virus was TMV, being present in samples of alle pepper cultivars carrying the L1 resistance gene, while ToMV was isolated only from susceptible pepper cultivars. According to responses ofCapsicum spp. the isolates from 640 samples checked were classified into three pathotypes: P0, P1.2 and P1.2.3. Results of this study show that P1.2 represents at present the major threat to the Cretan pepper industry.Samenvatting Bij een in de jaren 1984–1986 gehouden inventarisatie van virusziekten in paprika in plastic-foliekassen op Kreta werd zowel het tabaksmozaïekvirus (TMV) als het tomatemozaïekvirus (ToMV) aangetoond. TMV kwam zeer algemeen voor: het werd aangetroffen in alle monsters van de paprikarassen met het resistentiegen L1. ToMV werd alleen geïsoleerd uit planten van vatbare paprikarassen. Volgens de waargenomen symptomen die de isolaten van 640 monsters opCapsicum spp. vertoonden, konden de isolaten in drie pathotypen, nl. P1, P1,2 en P1,2,3, worden geklassificeerd. Uit het onderzoek is gebleken dat P1,2 de belangrijkste bedreiging vormt voor de teelt van paprika op Kreta. 相似文献
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A. D. Avgelis 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1986,92(4):147-152
Tomatoes grown in plastic houses in Crete have been inspected since 1980 for virus diseases. Plants with virus-like symptoms were checked by sap inoculation to test plants and the isolated viruses were identified by host reaction and serology. The most common viruses were, in order of frequency, tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), potato virus X, tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), potato virus Y and cucumber mosaic virus. The large use of ToMV-resistant cultivars reduces gradually the importance of ToMV while TBSV tends to become a serious problem of tomato in Crete.Samenvatting Van 1980–1984 werden op Kreta de in plasticfolie-kassen geteelde tomaten geïnventariseerd op de aanwezigheid van virussen. Verdachte plante werden door sapinoculatie op toetsplanten onderzocht. De daarbij geïsoleerde virussen werden daarna via de symptomen op de waardplanten en serologisch geïdentificeerd. In volgorde van belangrijkheid werden de volgende virussen het meest aangetroffen: tomatemozaïekvirus, aardappelvirus X, tomatedwerggroeivirus, aardappel Y virus en komkommermozaïekvirus, De laatste jaren is door de toenemende teelt van tomaterassen met resistentie tegen tomatemozaïekvirus het belang van dit virus sterk verminderd, terwijl het tomatedwerggroeivirus een steeds ernstiger probleem lijkt te worden. 相似文献