小麦冬前除草的效果更好

近年来,随着小麦生产水平的不断提高及长期使用单一除草剂,三原县麦田杂草群落发生较大变化,尤其是恶性杂草麦家公、猪殃殃、婆婆纳、野燕麦、节节麦等发生范围逐渐扩大,危害程度日趋严重。在小麦生产中,多数群众习惯在春季使用化学除草剂除草。其实冬前比冬后进行化学除草的效果更好。这是由于麦田杂草有2个出草高峰,冬前杂草出土量占杂草总量的90%以上,来年出土量不足10%,且年后出土的杂草因被麦苗覆盖,长势弱,对小麦生长不会造成很大影响。因而改变传统春季用药习惯,进行冬前化学除草,是有效控制麦田杂草危害的最佳做法。1冬前化学除草的…     

3．6％阔世玛防除麦田杂草试验

潜江市小麦杂草以看麦娘、猪殃殃、早熟禾、荠菜、繁缕等单、双子叶混生为主,为了验证3．6％阔世玛水分散粒剂对小麦田单、双子叶杂草防除效果,2006年秋季我们在杨市办事处进行了冬前、春季施药除草效果的比较试验,取得了较好效果,现将试验结果总结如下。     

骠灵防除麦田杂草的效果初报

10％骠灵是江阴农药厂开发的与进口骠马类似的新型麦田高效除草剂。本试验旨在探索骠灵的用药量、用药适期、安全性及除草效果,为麦田应用提供科学依据。1材料与方法1．1试验药剂10％骠绿合剂（江阴农药厂产）,10％源灵（江阴农药厂产）,70％麦草净2号（吴县农药厂产）,21％麦田净（江阴农药厂产）,6．9％骠马（进口）。1．2试验方法田间试验分秋季用药与春季用药。试验设在本市市闭镇经西村,土质为沙壤,前茬水稻,肥力中等,麦苗长势较好,杂草基数偏高的麦田。小麦品种为扬麦158,10月24日左右播种。田间杂草种群,秋季施药田以看…     

小麦田除草剂的使用技术

1 施药时间 以前,大部分农户麦田化学除草是在春季进行,当看到杂草株龄和密度很大时,甚至超过小麦密度时才喷药防治.由于杂草株龄越大,抗药性就越强,就要增加药量,这样既增加了防治成本,也容易对后茬作物产生药害,如果使用48%百草敌和2,4-D施药时间太晚,就会导致小麦不结粒.我们经过多年试验示范结果表明,大力推广冬前施药除草新技术效果很好.在正常播种年份,麦田杂草已出苗90%左右,这时杂草幼苗组织幼嫩、抗药性弱,而且麦田覆盖度小、杂草易被杀死.     

骠灵防除麦田日本看麦娘的效果与技术

10％膘灵乳油是江阴农药厂引进研制的内吸传导型革氧丙酸类选择性芽后除草剂。为了探索缥灵防除日本看表娘的最佳用量、最佳用药期和对麦苗的安全性,我们进行了两年的试验。现将试验结果报告如下。l材料与方法1．l试验地点试验分冬前用药和春季用药。冬前用药在宜兴市宜丰乡周家村进行,供试田土壤有机质含量中等,地力均匀,田间杂草密度较高。春季用药在锡山市查桥镇大库村进行,选择冬季米用药田块,小麦长势平衡,杂草分布比较均匀,草种以日本着麦娘为主。1．2试验药剂10％源灵乳油（江阴农药厂产）;6．9％膘马浓乳剂（艾格福公司产…     

快灭灵防除麦田阔叶杂草的效果与安全性

江苏省宝应县植保植检站于１９９９～２０００年进行了美国富美公司研制开发的４０％唑草酯干悬浮剂（商品名快灭灵，下称）防除麦田（１９９９年１１月１５日播种，品种为扬麦１５８）阔叶杂草的田间药效及安全性试验，其结果表明，快灭灵可有效地防除小麦田阔叶杂草。用量以４g／６６７m２为宜。于小麦二叶期（冬前）或春季（３月上旬）施药，对猪殃殃、繁缕等阔叶杂草的综合防效达８５％以上，且持效期可达３０d左右。但快灭灵单用或与骠马混用对小麦均有一定程度的药害，主要表现为叶片产生接触性灼伤斑点，药后３０～４０d恢复。就其药…     

百草敌冬季除草试验与示范

百草敌冬季除草试验与示范郭迎红，高金星，开国政，葛正中，费勤玲，郭栋儒（淮阴市清浦区农技推广中心）（清浦区和平镇农技站）（江苏省淮阴市植保植检站）常规使用百草敌是在春季麦苗拔节前，但因春季麦苗返青至拔节间隔时间较短和春季阴雨等影响，极易延误用药适期而...     

双酯灵对北方三种主要作物的安全试验初报

采用室内盆栽法，将尚未进入市场的具有除草活性的新化合物双酯灵用播后苗前土表喷雾和苗后茎叶喷雾法施药，分别对北方三种主要作物（小麦、玉米、大豆）进行安全性试验。试验结果表明，用于播后芽前土表施药时，三种作物可正常出苗的双酯灵最高施和剂量为150g／亩；而有采用茎叶喷雾施药时，小麦与大豆最高承受的双酯灵剂量为300g／亩，而玉米则为150g／亩。     

10％抑多威乳油防治小麦锈病田间试验初报

１０％抑多威乳油防治小麦锈病田间试验初报姚安庆，李纯忠（湖北农学院荆州４３４１０３）（江陵县李埠园林场）小麦锈病和赤霉病是影响小麦生产的两大主要病害，常年混合发生，防治上需采取两种药剂分别进行防治。不但增加防治成本和施药次数，且因反复用药农民难于掌握...     

骠马防除冬小麦田硬草研究初报

骠马(Puma Super)是西德赫司特公司生产的防除禾本科杂草的茎叶处理剂。1989年徐州农科所承担了骠马对淮北麦田硬草的小区药效试验研究和大田药效示范任务。小区药效试验分冬、春季三次施药,大田示范春季施药。试验结果表明,骠马是防除淮北稻茬麦田硬草的优良茎叶处理剂,其特点为除草效果好、施药适期长、施药条件要求不严格、对小麦安全、增产效果显著。一、材料和方法 (一) 药剂及处理(每亩用量)     

Roles of flavoproteins in degradation of mexacarbate in rats

The nature of a reductive system which actively degrades mexacarbate in the rat intestine and liver was investigated. The system is characterized by its stability against heat and protease treatments and its requirements for a flavin cofactor and an acidic pH for a maximum activity. As a result of purification and spectroscopic identification attempts the system responsible for the above reductive activity was identified to be flavoprotein. Under anerobic conditions such flavoproteinflavin cofactor systems degrade mexacarbate first to 4-N-desmethylmexacarbate and then to polar water-soluble metabolites.     

祁连山老虎沟地区高寒草甸蒸散发估算

利用祁连山老虎沟地区海拔4200m气象观测站2010年的观测资料,采用FAO Penman-Monteith公式,再利用作物系数法,对高寒草甸生长季(5月22-9月22)的蒸散发量进行估算和分析。结果发现:研究期共有124天,蒸散发总量为238.3mm,日均为1.87mm·d-1。生长初期、生长中期、生长末期的蒸散发总量依次为22.6mm,179.1mm,36.6mm,依次占研究期总量的8.4%,75.2%,15.3%。5月下旬至6月中旬,日均蒸散发量以较低水平缓慢上升;6月下旬迅速增加;6月末至7月中旬猛然回落;7月中旬至8月末,日均蒸散发量迅速上升且维持在较高水平;此后直到9月22日,缓慢减少。5-9月月蒸散发总量依次为6.6mm,46.4mm,74.5mm,77.6mm,33.1mm。     

Aetiology of Rhizoctonia in sheath blight of maize in Sichuan

Rhizoctonia isolates obtained from maize grown in commercial fields in 33 representative counties (or cities) in Sichuan province in China were characterized according to colony morphology, hyphal anastomosis and pathogenicity. Of 141 isolates, 116 were identified as R. solani , 23 as R. zeae and two as binucleate Rhizoctonia . The isolates of R. solani were assigned to four anastomosis groups (AG): AG-1-IA (101 isolates, accounting for 71.6% of the total), AG-1-IB (2, 1.4%), AG-4 (9, 6.4%) and AG-5 (4, 2.8%). The two isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia belonged to AG-K. On maize, isolates of AG-1-IA caused typical sheath blight symptoms. Lesions produced by isolates of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were darker than those of AG-1-IA. Rhizoctonia zeae usually caused discontinuous lesions with a dark brown margin and a brown centre on the leaf sheaths, as well as ear rot. Isolates of AG-1-IA were the most virulent to maize, with an average lesion length of approximately 15 cm. Isolates of R. zeae produced lesions approximately 12 cm long, while those of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were progressively shorter. On potato dextrose agar (PDA; pH 6.4), the minimum temperature for mycelial growth of R. zeae isolates was 14–18°C, the maximum 38–40°C and optimum 30°C. Isolates of R. zeae did not grow on PDA (28°C) at pH 2.0, the optimum for growth being pH 6.4.     

西北地区冬季室内三种常绿植物的光合特性比较

使用Li-6400XT便携式气体交换系统的红蓝光源和液化CO_2钢瓶注入系统,模拟冬季室内较密闭环境下存在较高CO_2浓度且为弱光环境,设置CO_2浓度为600μmol·mol~(-1),并以400μmol·mol~(-1)作为对照组(CK),对绿萝(Scindapsus aureus)、鹅掌柴(Scheffera octophlla(Lour).Harins)和燕子掌(Crassula agenten Thunb.)进行光响应(Pn-PAR)曲线的测定。结果显示:在CO_2浓度600μmol·mol~(-1)下,三种植物的光饱和点(LSP)均比(CK)更早出现,绿萝和鹅掌柴总体的净光合速率(Pn)比(CK)高,燕子掌比(CK)低;绿萝的最大光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)和表观量子效率(YAQ)均最高,分别为5.62±0.145μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、373.51±24.15μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)和0.041±0.003μmol·μmol~(-1),但暗呼吸速率(Rd)较低(-0.51±0.14μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1));鹅掌柴和绿萝的水分利用率(WUE)和蒸腾速率(Tr),极显著高于燕子掌(P<0.01);绿萝的叶绿素SPAD值最高(70.03±4.18),极显著高于其余两种(P<0.01)。研究表明,绿萝对光照具有最强的利用能力,且能在高CO_2浓度且干旱的环境里健康生长,并能对室内环境起到较强的增湿效应,是西北地区冬季较为理想的室内植物。     

山西省2012年蔬菜农药残留监测结果分析

本文通过对2012年山西省蔬菜农药残留监测结果的分析,找出造成山西蔬菜农药残留问题原因,并针对性的提出了解决问题的对策,为蔬菜生产提供依据。     

环流特征量指数在新疆汛期降水趋势预测中的应用

利用中国气象局气候中心下发的74类环流特征量值,通过相关分析,建立了新疆10个区域的汛期降水预测模型。结果表明:预测模型对新疆汛期降水趋势有一定的预报能力,尤其是在新疆洪涝灾害多发的伊犁及博尔塔拉蒙古自治州、北疆沿天山一带、天山山区,建立的3个区域预测模型可以作为汛期降水预测的主要工具。     

Incidence of benomyl and iprodione resistance in isolates of Botrytis cinerea in tomato crops in England and Wales in 1986

In 1986, mass-mycelial isolates of Botrytis cinerea from 67 tomato crops in England and Wales were examined for benomyl and iprodione resistance. Of the 706 isolates obtained, 62.7% were resistant to benomyl at 2μg/ml and 43.2% were resistant to iprodione at 2 μg/ml. Iprodione resistance persisted in the absence of a dicarboximide spray programme. The incidence of benomyl resistance has not decreased since the last survey in 1984 in spite of a considerable reduction in the use of benzimidazole fungicides. There were no clear indications that the use of dichlofluanid influenced the incidence of benomyl or iprodione resistance. Disease control was poorer in crops with a higher incidence of iprodione resistance.     

Viruses of pepper in plastic houses in Crete

During a survey of virus diseases affecting pepper grown in plastic houses in Crete, during 1984–1986, tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were detected. The most common virus was TMV, being present in samples of alle pepper cultivars carrying the L₁ resistance gene, while ToMV was isolated only from susceptible pepper cultivars. According to responses ofCapsicum spp. the isolates from 640 samples checked were classified into three pathotypes: P₀, P_1.2 and P_1.2.3. Results of this study show that P_1.2 represents at present the major threat to the Cretan pepper industry.Samenvatting Bij een in de jaren 1984–1986 gehouden inventarisatie van virusziekten in paprika in plastic-foliekassen op Kreta werd zowel het tabaksmozaïekvirus (TMV) als het tomatemozaïekvirus (ToMV) aangetoond. TMV kwam zeer algemeen voor: het werd aangetroffen in alle monsters van de paprikarassen met het resistentiegen L₁. ToMV werd alleen geïsoleerd uit planten van vatbare paprikarassen. Volgens de waargenomen symptomen die de isolaten van 640 monsters opCapsicum spp. vertoonden, konden de isolaten in drie pathotypen, nl. P₁, P_1,2 en P_1,2,3, worden geklassificeerd. Uit het onderzoek is gebleken dat P_1,2 de belangrijkste bedreiging vormt voor de teelt van paprika op Kreta.     

Viruses of tomato in plastic houses in Crete

Tomatoes grown in plastic houses in Crete have been inspected since 1980 for virus diseases. Plants with virus-like symptoms were checked by sap inoculation to test plants and the isolated viruses were identified by host reaction and serology. The most common viruses were, in order of frequency, tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), potato virus X, tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), potato virus Y and cucumber mosaic virus. The large use of ToMV-resistant cultivars reduces gradually the importance of ToMV while TBSV tends to become a serious problem of tomato in Crete.Samenvatting Van 1980–1984 werden op Kreta de in plasticfolie-kassen geteelde tomaten geïnventariseerd op de aanwezigheid van virussen. Verdachte plante werden door sapinoculatie op toetsplanten onderzocht. De daarbij geïsoleerde virussen werden daarna via de symptomen op de waardplanten en serologisch geïdentificeerd. In volgorde van belangrijkheid werden de volgende virussen het meest aangetroffen: tomatemozaïekvirus, aardappelvirus X, tomatedwerggroeivirus, aardappel Y virus en komkommermozaïekvirus, De laatste jaren is door de toenemende teelt van tomaterassen met resistentie tegen tomatemozaïekvirus het belang van dit virus sterk verminderd, terwijl het tomatedwerggroeivirus een steeds ernstiger probleem lijkt te worden.     

2013年我国黏虫发生特点分析

2013年黏虫维持了2012年以来的重发态势。二代黏虫在东北、华北、黄淮局部、江南局部、西南地区普遍发生,多种作物受害严重,总体发生程度重于2012年同期,山西、河北等局部地区大发生。三代黏虫在东北、华北和黄淮局部等地偏重发生,虽然发生面积、发生程度整体上不如2012年严重,但是仍显著重于常年,并且在辽宁、山西、山东的局部地区造成严重危害。分析提出,监测防控及时到位、关键时期气象条件不利,是2013年三代黏虫发生程度轻于2012年的主要原因。