设施栽培中桃树14C同化物分配特性的研究

 利用放射性同位素¹⁴C - 示踪方法研究了设施桃树果实不同发育时期¹⁴ C同化物的运转分配特性。结果表明: 在果实膨大期和果实成熟期, 分配到果实中的¹⁴C同化物最多, 随着果实生长, 分配到果实中的¹⁴C同化物比例增加。叶片的自留量小于果实获得的¹⁴C同化物量, 且随着果实的生长, 叶片的自留量逐渐减少。在各器官中果实的放射比活性最强, 其次为叶片与根系。说明果实膨大期和果实成熟期是设施桃树对碳素同化物需求和竞争最大的时期。     

6-BA对葡萄果实生长及碳、氮同化物运输的影响

 研究了6-BA 对葡萄果实生长及碳、氮同化物运输、分配的影响。结果表明, 果穗浸蘸100 或200 mg/L 6-BA , 均可明显提高坐果率, 对果粒大小、可溶性固形物含量影响较小。6-BA 处理¹⁴CO₂饲喂叶,抑制了饲喂叶¹⁴CO₂同化物的输出, 但6-BA 处理饲喂叶上方正在生长的“库叶”, 则增加了饲喂叶同化物的输出。62BA 在盛花和盛花后10 d 浸蘸花序2 次, 增加了饲喂叶¹⁴CO₂ 、¹⁴C - 谷氨酸(¹⁴C₂Glu) 向穗轴及果实的输入。     

山葡萄14C 同化产物分配规律的研究

 以2 年生盆栽山葡萄‘双优’品种为试材, 利用¹⁴C 示踪技术对同化产物的分配特点进行了研究。结果表明: 山葡萄¹⁴C 同化产物从开花期至果实着色期以叶片为分配中心, 输出分配率为76.69 %～45.09 %; 成熟期的同化产物分配以果实为中心, 输出分配率为47.39 % , 说明山葡萄在大部分生育期叶片对同化产物较果实有更强的竞争优势。果实着色期是山葡萄同化产物分配转换的关键时期。果实膨大期形成的同化产物积累在果实中的比例高于开花期和成熟期。     

Effect of Illumination Intensifies on Growth and Hormone Contents of Tulipa gesneriana L.

通过对郁金香进行遮荫处理,研究全光照(CK)、55％～60％光照(B1)、25％～30％光照(B2)、10％～15％光照(B3)4种不同光照强度对郁金香生长和内源激素的影响.结果表明:遮荫提高了郁金香在自身支撑结构的投入,株高变大,叶片变长,叶面积增大,过度遮荫抑制了有性生殖,表现为开花率降低,花径变小.随着光照强度的降低,郁金香叶片内吲哚乙酸含量和赤霉素含量升高,而脱落酸含量降低,遮荫降低了ABA/IAA与ABA/GA3比值,过低比值的ABA/IAA与ABA/GA3不利于成花.     

光照强度对郁金香生长发育和内源激素含量的影响

通过对郁金香进行遮荫处理,研究全光照(CK)、55%～60%光照(B1)、25%～30%光照(B2)、10%～15%光照(B3)4种不同光照强度对郁金香生长和内源激素的影响。结果表明:遮荫提高了郁金香在自身支撑结构的投入,株高变大,叶片变长,叶面积增大,过度遮荫抑制了有性生殖,表现为开花率降低,花径变小。随着光照强度的降低,郁金香叶片内吲哚乙酸含量和赤霉素含量升高,而脱落酸含量降低,遮荫降低了ABA/IAA与ABA/GA3比值,过低比值的ABA/IAA与ABA/GA3不利于成花。     

黄花美冠兰花芽分化过程中假鳞茎内源激素含量变化的研究

采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定了花芽分化过程中黄花美冠兰假鳞茎内源激素吲哚乙酸(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA)和玉米素核苷(ZRs)含量的动态变化.结果表明:假鳞茎内IAA和ABA的含量明显高于GA和ZRs的含量,花芽分化过程中,假鳞茎内IAA和GA的含量下降,ABA和ZRs的含量上升,ZRs/IAA、ZRs/GA、ABA/IAA、ABA/GA的比值均呈上升趋势,ABA/IAA、ABA/GA的比值升幅高于ZRs/IAA、ZRs/GA的比值.     

不同温度下卵叶韭更新芽内源激素的动态变化

 运用高效液相色谱法测定了3种不同温度下卵叶韭更新芽内源激素的动态变化。结果表明:(1) 卵叶韭更新芽休眠完全解除必需经过一段时间的冷温处理, 且冷温积累量与休眠解除程度和植株长势呈正相关趋势; (3 ±1) ℃处理不少于92 d可完全解除休眠, 而5～12℃、(20 ±1) ℃处理均不能完全解除休眠。(2) 贮藏31 d后, (3 ±1) ℃和5～12℃处理的GA₃ 和ZT含量上升, ABA含量下降, 其中( 3 ±1) ℃处理的上升和下降幅度更大, 解除休眠所需时间更短; 而(20 ±1) ℃处理在鳞茎干枯腐烂前GA₃ 和ZT含量下降, ABA含量上升, 更新芽不能萌发。(3) 卵叶韭更新芽休眠过程可分为预休眠、真休眠和强制休眠3个阶段, 其中预休眠阶段更新芽的GA₃、ZT、ABA和IAA含量居中; 真休眠阶段更新芽的GA₃ 和ZT含量较低, ABA含量较高, IAA含量较高或居中; 强制休眠阶段更新芽的GA₃、ZT含量达最大值, IAA含量略有增加, ABA含量降至最小值。(4) 卵叶韭更新芽休眠的解除可能主要受控于内源激素GA₃、ABA的含量水平和GA₃ /ABA比值, 当GA₃ / IAA比值大于16.59 ±3.90时, 卵叶韭更新芽的休眠就可能完全解除, 此外ZT也对萌发起着一定的作用。     

架形对“赤霞珠”酿酒葡萄内源激素的影响

以贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄产区的3个典型小产区直立龙干形和厂字形2种架形种植的“赤霞珠”为试材，采用高效液相色谱法测定了不同生育期功能叶片中的6种植物内源激素，研究了在果实发育关键期架形对叶片内源激素的影响，以期为后期开展不同小产区的品质调控提供参考依据。结果表明：在果实发育关键期，不同处理叶片中的6种内源激素含量差异明显。脱落酸（ABA）、吲哚乙酸（IAA）、反式玉米素核苷（TZR）和赤霉素（GA₃）共同调节酿酒葡萄果实的成熟和品质，成熟期叶片中的吲哚乙酸和单宁呈显著负相关，高浓度的ABA会抑制IAA的合成积累，且转色期ABA的增加直接影响果实中花色苷的合成。不同小产区的生长势和抗性与果实关键发育期的内源激素的比值具有明显的关联性。     

郁金香器官离体培养再生小鳞茎的研究

 以4个郁金香品种‘凯氏奈丽斯’、‘风流寡妇’、‘检阅’和‘金色检阅’的叶、花茎、花托、子房、鳞片及腋芽等不同器官为外植体, 在MS + 2, 4-D 0.1 mg·L ^{- 1} , MS + 2, 4-D 0.5 mg·L ^{- 1} , MS +BA 1.0 mg·L ^{- 1} , MS +BA 5.0 mg·L ^{- 1} , MS +BA 2.0 mg·L ^{- 1} + IAA 0.5 mg·L ^{- 1} 5种培养基上进行离体培养。结果表明, 花托外植体直接诱导小鳞茎的频率最高, 在培养基MS + 2, 4-D 0.5 mg·L ^{- 1}上诱导率达56.7% , 平均每块外植体产生小鳞茎数达10.7个; 其次是花茎, 直接诱导小鳞茎的频率为33.3% , 平均每块外植体产生小鳞茎数达19.9个; 鳞片及鳞片中的腋芽诱导鳞茎较难且需时间较长; 叶和子房则未能诱导出小鳞茎。     

玉露香梨对拉枝处理的生理响应研究

为明确玉露香梨对拉枝处理的营养分配和内源激素生理响应,以玉露香梨为试材,重点分析了70°拉枝处理后叶片内源激素、叶片矿质营养含量变化及成花情况。结果表明：拉枝处理显著提高了叶片中P、K元素含量,显著降低了N、Ca、Zn元素含量,Mg、B元素含量无显著变化。拉枝处理显著提高了玉米素核苷(ZR)含量,比对照增加54.31%;显著降低了脱落酸(ABA)、生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA₃)含量,分别比对照降低36.65%、53.71%、29.62%;同时拉枝处理显著提高了ZR/ABA、ZR/IAA和ZR/GA₃比值,分别是对照的2.42、3.24、2.15倍。综上所述,叶片中低N含量高P、K含量,较高水平ZR含量,较高ZR/ABA、ZR/IAA和ZR/GA₃比值均有利于花芽分化,促进玉露香梨成花。     

High-Temperature Treatment (Blindstoken) of Bulbs of Tulip cv Rose Copland for Flower Killing and Yield Improvement

A three-year experiment on the high-temperature treatment of tulip bulbs established that yield could be increased by between 8 and 31 % for bulb weight or between 14 and 29 % for numbers of large bulbs, depending upon season, associated with a near-complete flower kill. The optimum pre-treatment storage temperature was 17°C, and the best date (of the five tested) for starting blindstoken at 33°C for one week was 20th-21st September.

Yield increases were greater when the blindstoken treatment was applied to bulbs whose shoots were short; later treatment, or treatment after pre-treatments which allowed faster shoot growth, were less effective. For optimum flower kill and yield increase the shoot should be about 1 cm high at treatment. Bulb weight and large bulb number were correlated, suggesting that the treatment increases total bulb weight by increasing bulb size rather than by differentially affecting the growth of daughter bulbs.

No adverse effects of the treatments were observed when the bulbs were forced in a glasshouse the following season.     

An analysis of the growth of forced tulips. 1. Changes in plant fresh and dry weights during growth at two temperatures

Changes in the fresh and dry weights of the component parts of plants of tulip cv. ‘Apeldoorn’ were followed in bulbs kept at low and high temperatures (9 and 18°C respectively) from the time of completion of flower differentiation until anthesis.There were marked differences between shoot dry weights at the two temperatures. At 9°C the stem, leaves and flower grew exponentially throughout the whole period, but at 18°C the specific growth rate of the stem and leaves declined throughout the period of the experiment. At 9°C the proportion of total dry weight in shoots and daughter bulbs was higher than at 18°C, and the proportion in the mother bulb was correspondingly smaller.At both temperatures the $\text{fresh weight}\text{dry weight}$ ratios of the mother bulb, shoot and daughter bulbs declined during dry storage, the decline being greater at 9°C. After planting, the ratio for all plant parts increased at 9°C, but scarcely changed at 18°C.These results are discussed in relation to dormancy, to the low-temperature requirement for successful and rapid flowering and to flower quality.     

内源ABA和GA3对欧洲甜樱桃花芽自然休眠的调控

 以8年生欧洲甜樱桃为试材，采用液相色谱法分析了自然休眠期间花芽内源GA₃，和ABA含量变化及相关环境因子的影响。结果表明，休眠期间，花芽ABA含量呈先升后降的趋势，11月上句达顶峰。GA₃含量变化与其相反，休眠初期急剧下降，11月下旬达最低谷，休眠解除期间含量不断上升。ABA/GA₃随休眠加深而升高，随休眠解除而不断降低。低温5℃显著增加了GA₃含量，降低了ABA含量，使ABA降低和GA₃升高的时间提前，较对照提早解除休眠。高温(20℃)则具有相反的作用，变温(5/20℃)处理对休眠解除有一定作用，但由于高温(20℃)对休眠解除的抵消作用，其破眠效果不如持续低温(50℃)处理明显。落叶前遮荫处理使GA₃ 含量稍有降低，但对ABA影响不大。长光周期处理促进了GA₃的合成，抑制了ABA的生成，从而抑制了休眠，而短光周期处理显著提高了ABA的含量，降低了GA₃ 的含量。     

Changes in endogenous abscisic acid and soluble sugars levels during dormancy-release in bulbs of Lilium rubellum

Changes in endogenous abscisic acid and soluble sugars levels during dormancy-release of lily bulbs of Lilium rubellum were investigated. Shoot emergence and flowering of the bulbs stored for 14 weeks at 4 °C occurred more synchronously, and the time span from first to last flower in the plants was shorter than those of bulbs stored for 10 weeks at 4 °C. Longer duration of bulb storage showed accelerating effects of increasing leaf number and stem length but negatively affected flower size. Flower number per plant was not much influenced by bulb storage duration. Concentration of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) level in the bulbs during bulb storage decreased as storage duration increased, and it remained at a constant level after being stored for 10 weeks. This result suggests that the decrease in the endogenous ABA level during bulb storage is correlated with dormancy-release. Concentrations of soluble sugars also changed during bulb cold storage. Sucrose concentration increased as the chilling term increased to 10 weeks but decreased afterward. Glucose and fructose increased from the beginning of chilling to the end of a 14-week cold storage.     

The Application of Rapid Chemical Tests to The Diagnosis of Mineral Deficiencies in Horticultural Crops: IV. A Comparison Between The Total Nutrients and Those Extracted By Buffer Solutions From Potato Leaves

Two varieties of tulip, Golden Harvest obtained from Cornwall and Lincolnshire and Krelage’s Triumph from Cornwall, were grown in sand culture with deficiency, normal and high levels of major nutrients in various combinations.

Symptoms produced by deficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium mainly resembled those recorded previously with the variety Rose Copland.

Leaf measurements and bulb yields showed nitrogen deficiency to have the most significant effect on growth, and symptoms were evident several weeks before flowering.

Leaf areas and bulb yields were apparently closely related for Nil, nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency treatments but were less clearly related for other treatments, especially in Krelage’s Triumph.

Cornish stock of Golden Harvest tulip was more sensitive than Lincolnshire stock to deficiencies, especially of phosphorus. Krelage’s Triumph was also less sensitive on the whole, and especially in terms of leaf area, than Golden Harvest from the same source, even though the fanner had the smaller-sized bulbs.

High levels of sodium produced succulent growth and soft bulbs. There were no marked effects of high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium on yields, although leaf area of Cornish bulbs particularly was decreased by some of these treatments, possibly in relation to high nitrogen level.     

葡萄对硒的吸收、分布和积累特性的初步研究

 研究葡萄(V itis vinifera ‘Red Globe’ / V. vulpina ‘Beta’) 对硒的吸收、分布和积累特性及硒对葡萄品质的影响。结果表明: 在不施硒的条件下, 葡萄体内的硒含量很低, 硒的累积顺序为根>叶>新梢>主蔓>果实, 果实中的含硒量只有0.009 mg·kg^-1DM。根际施用0.5、1.0、1.5 kg·hm^{- 2}亚硒酸钠后, 葡萄各部位的含硒量均显著提高, 并且各部位的含硒量与土壤施硒量呈显著的正相关。施硒后, 硒在葡萄植株体内的分布发生变化, 各部位累积量的顺序为叶>根>新梢>果实>主蔓, 果实中含硒量达到0.062 mg·kg^-1DM。在整个生长发育过程中, 果实含硒量没有明显的变化, 单果硒总量一直处于升高的趋势, 至花后90 d达到最高值, 成熟期含硒量降低。不同浓度硒处理除了0.5 kg·hm- 2亚硒酸钠处理外均可显著提高果实可溶性固形物含量, 对单果鲜质量、单果干质量、可滴定酸没有明显的影响。     

琯溪蜜柚光合特性的研究

 利用Li-6400 光合作用仪对田间条件下7 年生琯溪蜜柚的光合特性进行了系统研究。结果表明: (1) 琯溪蜜柚外围叶片晴天的净光合速率(P_n) 日变化为双峰曲线, 首峰出现在8～10 时, 次峰值小于首峰值, 出现在14 时以后; 阴天呈单峰曲线; 内膛叶片P_n 日变化有双峰、单峰和锯齿形3 种类型。(2)观测期内P_n季节变化近似双峰曲线。(3) 不同月份和不同枝条叶片Pn 对光和CO₂ 响应有较大差别, 光补偿点和饱和点分别为16～46 和1 026～1 656μmol·m^-2·s^-1 , 表观量子效率0.01725～0.05431 ; CO₂ 补偿点和饱和点分别为51～80 和822～926μmol·mol ^-1 , 羧化效率0.01769～0.05191 ;P_n对CO₂ 的响应进程近似双曲线。(4) P_n与气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光照强度正相关, 与胞间CO₂ 浓度负相关, 与温度、湿度和叶面水气压亏缺的相关性比较复杂。(5) P_n 与叶片的叶绿素含量和比叶重之间没有明显相关性。(6) 光合适温为24～34 ℃。     

稀土元素铈对‘红地球’葡萄组培苗生长的影响

 以‘红地球’葡萄组培苗茎段为外植体，在培养基中添加1～100 mg·L^-1 Ce(NO₃)₃，，研究 不同浓度Ce(NO₃)₃对其生长的影响。结果表明适宜浓度的Ce(NO，)，(1～10 mg·L^-1 )对‘红地球’葡萄组培苗的生长具有促进作用，加快外植体生根，侧根数及侧根总长显著增加,根、茎、叶鲜样质量和干样质量也增加，根系活力提高而增加移栽成活率，增加叶绿素含量，有利于植株对矿质营养的吸收。而100 mg·L^-1。Ce(NO₃)₃对葡萄组培苗生长起明显抑制作用。     

CO2 加富对黄瓜叶片显微和亚显微结构的影响

 以黄瓜为试材, 研究CO₂加富对叶片显微和亚显微结构的影响。结果表明: CO₂加富后黄瓜叶片栅栏组织厚度、表皮厚度和叶片厚度增加, 栅栏组织占叶片总厚度的比例上升, 栅栏细胞变长, 排列更加整齐紧密; 叶片叶绿体数目和大小、淀粉粒数目和大小、基粒及其片层数均增加, 单位叶绿体含淀粉粒数上升, 但叶绿体超微结构未见明显伤害。上午以不同浓度CO₂加富3 h 效应较小, 上、下午各以1 100+100 uL.L^-1CO₂ 加富3 h 效果显著。