I型边缘单裂缝的计算机模拟

对素混凝土构件以及具有钢筋强化的混凝土构件在线弹性范围内I型边缘单一裂缝的开口进行了模拟。通过模拟发现，在混凝土材料的基体内配置钢筋．使得裂缝的开口位移明显减小。为此，分析了在素混凝土材料的基体内垂直于裂缝的不同位置配置钢筋对构件裂缝开口位移的影响。     

钢筋桥联混凝土结构的韧带正应力计算

钢筋混凝土构件受载荷后的破坏,是一个混凝土裂缝扩展、钢筋桥联基体和钢筋与基体脱粘以及钢筋伸长变形直到断裂的过程。为此,根据强化筋桥联基体裂纹的力学分析模型,变形体的叠加原理和协调性条件,在基体和强化筋材料为完全弹性、裂纹端部存在粘聚力的情况下,用有限元法对韧带上的正应力进行了计算分析和讨论。     

穿坝涵管渗漏处理技术

1渗漏裂缝成因分析混凝土是多相复合脆性材料,当混凝土拉应力大于其抗拉强度,或混凝土拉伸变形大于其极限拉伸变形时,混凝土就会产生裂缝。按照深度的不同,可以分为表层裂缝、深层裂缝和贯穿裂缝;按产生原因可以分成温度裂缝、干缩裂缝、钢筋锈蚀裂缝、超载裂缝、碱骨料反应裂缝、地基不均匀沉陷裂缝等。分析推断渗漏裂缝成因可以从结构设计、混凝土材料性能、施工、运行管理及环境条件、外载作     

重复荷载作用对完全联合承载蜗壳结构的影响研究

完全联合承载蜗壳(又称直埋式蜗壳)具有明显的优势,但在我国工程中应用很少,其中重复加载下蜗壳外围混凝土材料强度退化是此结构设计中最为关心的问题之一。运用ABAQUS程序对三峡水电站完全联合承载蜗壳结构进行了非线性有限元计算,通过计算重复荷载作用下的损伤累积,得到了重复荷载作用后混凝土损伤的发展情况、钢材的应力以及结构位移的变化规律。结果表明:在重复荷载作用下,钢蜗壳和外围混凝土中的钢筋应力可以满足材料抗力的要求,混凝土最大裂缝宽度一般不超过0.25 mm,能够满足规范的限裂要求。     

螺旋式箍筋下料长度的计算

螺旋式箍筋下料长度的计算王全生，徐春燕（黑龙江省九三农管局水利局１６１４４１）在钢筋制作施工中，为了快速准确地将钢筋制作成形，首先要计算钢筋的下料长度。配置在矩形截面混凝土构件中的钢筋，其下料长度的计算直观、简单。但是在农田水利工程建设中，经常遇到圆...     

钢筋混凝土渡槽性能及施工研究

为提高钢筋混凝土渡槽的性能,从耐久性能、受力性能、地震时位移控制及裂缝4方面,分析影响渡槽性能的内外因素,并从槽身、钢筋、混凝土施工及减少裂缝方面,探讨提高钢筋混凝土渡槽性能的工艺措施。     

混凝土桥梁病害成因分析与对策研究

混凝土是现在建筑工程中普遍应用的一种材料,具有较强的抗压性、稳定性特点,成本较低。但对混凝土桥梁建造来说,经常会出现裂缝、钢筋生锈腐蚀等不良问题,使混凝土工程整体质量受到不良影响。基于此,本文分析了混凝土桥梁病害成因,提出了相关解决对策,仅供参考。     

水工混凝土结构按裂缝控制要求的

根据《水工钢筋混凝土结构设计规范》（SL/T 191-96）中钢筋混凝土构件最大裂缝宽度计算公式，以钢筋代换前后裂缝宽度保持不变为条件，分别讨论了不同强度等级钢筋代换时代换前后钢筋直径之间的关系和相同强度等级钢筋代换时代换前后配筋率之间的关系，供水利工程技术人员在进行钢筋代换时参考。     

水工混凝土结构按裂缝控制要求的钢筋代换

根据<水工钢筋混凝土结构设计规范>(SL/T 191-96)中钢筋混凝土构件最大裂缝宽度计算公式,以钢筋代换前后裂缝宽度保持不变为条件,分别讨论了不同强度等级钢筋代换时,代换前后钢筋直径之间的关系,以及相同强度等级钢筋代换时,代换前后配筋率之间的关系,供水利工程技术人员在进行钢筋代换时参考.     

碳纤维布加固梁在“二次”受力条

受弯构件的刚度是衡量其力学性能的重要指标,也是计算弯曲变形的基础。对碳纤维布加固的钢筋混凝土受弯构件在“二次”受力条件下裂缝截面钢筋和碳纤维材料的应力应变进行了分析；在平截面假定基础上，重点分析了加固前后钢筋和碳纤维布的应力应变、构件总应变以及它们之间的相互关系，在此基础上，应用钢筋混凝土结构理论，对“二次”受力条件下碳纤维布加固梁的短期刚度进行了推导，得到了考虑多种因素综合影响下的截面刚度的计算公式，并结合有关文献对其中的系数进行了确定。给出的计算公式可供实际工程参考.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。