Studies on possible protection against snake venom using Mucuna pruriens protein immunization

Immunization against cobra venom using Mucuna pruriens derived serum immunoglobulins was carried out in a mouse model. The neutralizing ability of circulating antibodies was assessed by challenging the immunized mice with a minimum lethal dose of purified venom after 4, 24, 72 and 168 h. The single injection of the antibody preparation produced a high and sustained immune response with high survival rates of treated animals.     

Hypoglycemic effect of Bauhinia cheilandra in rats

The extract of the methanolic leaves of Bauhinia cheilandra (BC) was tested on glucose loaded and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In both tests, the methanolic extract at doses of 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg, has shown a statistically significant and considerable hypoglycemic activity.     

Hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic activities of the aqueous leaf and seed extract of Phyllanthus amarus in mice

The effect of the aqueous leaf and seed extracts of Phyllanthus amarus at oral dose of 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg was investigated for their antidiabetic and anti-lipidemic potentials. The extract produced a dose-dependent decrease in the fasting plasma glucose and cholesterol, and reduction in weights in treated mice. The results suggest that the extract could be enhancing peripheral utilization of glucose but the mechanisms on how this works remain unclear.     

Antidiarrhoeal activity of Strychnos potatorum seed extract in rats

The antidiarrhoeal activity of the methanol extract of the dried seeds of Strychnos potatorum (MESP) has been evaluated out in rats using different models (castor oil-induced diarrhoea, effects on gastrointestinal motility and on PGE(2)-induced gastric enteropooling. MESP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (P<0.001) inhibited the frequency of defaecation and reduced the wetness of faecal droppings in castor oil-induced diarrhoea, decreased the propulsion of charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract, and also reduced the PGE(2)-induced enteropooling.     

Hypoglycemic activity of Nymphaea stellata leaves ethanolic extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats

The ethanolic extract of leaves of Nymphaea stellata given by oral route to diabetic rats at dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day for seven days reduced significantly by 31.6 and 42.6 % the plasma glucose level increased by intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/day of alloxan. Moreover, the treatment significantly affected the plasma level of cholesterol and triglyceride.     

Hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activities on the stem bark aqueous and ethanol extracts of Musanga cecropioides in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Daily oral administration of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Musanga cecropioides stem bark in normal and diabetic rats at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day, for 14 days significantly lowered the fasting plasma glucose levels in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats in dose-dependent fashion. The ethanol extract induced more significant antidiabetic effect than the aqueous extract.     

Endothelium-dependent and -independent effect of aqueous extract of garlic on vascular reactivity on diabetic rats

Garlic has been well known for its protective effects against cardiovascular disease. In this study, the effect of aqueous extract of garlic on the vascular reactivity of thoracic aorta from streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats was investigated in the presence and absence of endothelium. Although, 8-weeks of treatment with garlic extract had no significant effect on the concentration of serum glucose, but it significantly attenuated the abnormality in vascular reactivity to noradrenaline (NA) and acetylcholine (Ach). In addition, the endothelium-independent relaxation response to isosorbide dinitrate (ISD) was not affected by diabetes or garlic treatment. The results suggest that garlic treatment of STZ-diabetic rats can prevent the development of abnormal contractility through an endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanism.     

沙棘籽原花青素提取物抗氧化作用研究

本试验研究了沙棘籽原花青素提取物的抗氧化作用。结果表明，该提取物按100mg／kg，300mg／kg及600mg／kg给小鼠灌胃，皆可提高小鼠红细胞SOD活性和小鼠全血GSH—PX活性，并能降低小鼠肝脏LPO含量。为此，沙棘籽原花青素提取物具有抗氧化作用。     

Antihyperglycemic effect of Cucurbita ficifolia fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

In the present study, the antihyperglycemic effects of Cucurbita ficifolia fruit extract were investigated on streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes in rats. Oral administration of the extract (300 and 600 mg/kg body weight, day) for 30 days resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and an increase in plasma insulin and total haemoglobin. The effect was compared with 150 mg/kg b.w. tolbutamide.     

Hypoglicemic effect of Leandra lacunosa in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Leandra lacunosa, popularly known as "erva-do-jabuti", is used in Brazilian folkloric medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Based on this traditional indication, the aim of this work was to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of L. lacunosa aerial parts (LLH) in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Chromatographic fractionation of LLH was also carried out by several techniques, affording isolation of the following major compounds: ursolic acid (1), kaempferol (2), luteolin (3), and quercetin (4). The oral administration of LLH (500 mg/kg) in normal rats caused a significant reduction of 24.7% (P<0.05) in the blood glucose levels after 2 h of treatment, while the administration of chlorpropamide (20 mg/kg, p.o.) led to a reduction of 40.2% (P<0.01). After oral administration of glucose (10 g/kg, p.o.), LLH (500 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly inhibited the increase in blood glucose levels compared with the negative control group. The oral treatment with LLH (500 mg/kg) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats significantly reduced the blood glucose levels in 47.8% after 4 h of treatment, while chlorpropamide resulted in a significant reduction of 71.7% in the 4th hour. Our results showed that LLH, displays hypoglycemic activity, which may be related to the effect of the major compounds identified in the crude extract. This study seems to provide biological evidence for the folkloric use of L. lacunosa in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.     

Hypoglycemic activity of Abutilon indicum leaf extracts in rats

Alcohol and water extracts of Abutilon indicum leaves (400 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant hypoglycemic effect in normal rats 4 h after administration (23.10% and 26.95%, respectively).     

常春油麻藤的物候节律研究

以昆明地区种植的常春油麻藤为对象,对其物候进行了观测研究。经2003年6月~2004年6月的观测,基本掌握了常春油麻藤在昆明种植地的物候节律。发现其在昆明生长良好,对水热条件要求不高。     

Beneficial effect of Embelia ribes ethanolic extract on blood pressure and glycosylated hemoglobin in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats

Embelia ribes (common name, Vidanga) is extensively used in traditional system of medicine for treatment of various disorders. It is described in Ayurveda, as a powerful anthelmintic, antifertility and antihyperlipidemic agent. The present study was undertaken to investigate modulatory effect of 6 weeks' chronic oral administration of E. ribes ethanolic extract on diabetes mellitus induced by a diabetogen, streptozotocin (STZ) with special reference to changes in glucose levels, glycated haemoglobin status and cardiac toxicity. STZ treatment (40 mg/kg iv) resulted in significant increase in blood glucose levels, glycated haemoglobin levels, heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Oral administration of E. ribes ethanolic extract in dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg significantly reduced the levels of blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in animals when compared with diabetic rats.     

落叶松枯落针叶水浸液对落叶松和云杉种子的萌发影响

研究了长白落叶松未分解和半分解枯落针叶的水浸液处理对红皮云杉种子和长白落叶松种子萌发的不同生物效应。对于长白落叶松种子萌发来说,长白落叶松半分解和未分解枯落针叶水浸液4.0 g/L浓度的处理效果均为最佳;而对于红皮云杉种子萌发来说,10.0 g/L浓度或0.5～1.0 g/L浓度的处理效果为最佳。长白落叶松枯落针叶水浸液处理对长白落叶松自身种子和对红皮云杉种子萌发的作用均有很大的差异,推测这是长白落叶松枯落针叶水浸液中所含的化感物质和营养物质与长白落叶松和红皮云杉萌发过程中种子产生的不同代谢物质之间不同相互作用的反映。     

Effects of treatment with St. John's Wort on blood glucose levels and pain perceptions of streptozotocin-diabetic rats

This present study was undertaken to examine treating effects of St. John's Wort (SJW) extract on nociceptive perception of STZ-diabetic animals based on its potential antidiabetic and antinociceptive activities. One week administrations of SJW extract (125 and 250 mg/kg) induced significant decrease in high blood glucose levels of three weeks STZ-diabetic rats and improved their dysregulated metabolic parameters. In addition, SJW extract treatment caused restoration in the mechanical hyperalgesia of diabetic animals. These findings provide a rationale for the traditional use of SJW against diabetes and display the potential of this plant as a new drug candidate/source for the treatment of diabetic pain.     

华北落叶松种子园强度疏伐对结实效果的分析

对华北落叶松种子园进行强度疏伐,可改善种子园母树光照条件,扩大营养空间,增加母树结实量。对种子园生产建设具有一定的指导意义。     

Comparative effect of oral administration and topical application of alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna bark on incision and excision wounds in rats

The effects of 50% ethanolic extract of the bark Terminalia arjuna and tannins isolated from the bark were studied for wound healing activity in incision and excision wound models, after oral or topical application in form of a hydrogel. The findings revealed a statistically significant increase in the tensile strength of the incision wounds and increase in the percent reduction in wound size of excision wounds as compared to control. However, the topical treatment with tannins was found to be superior in both incision and excision wound studies. The estimated increase in hydroxyproline content of the granulation tissue of the excision wounds indicated rapid collagen turnover thus, leading to rapid healing of the wounds.     

施肥对红松无性系种子园母树结实效应研究

通过在红松无性系幼龄种子园进行的氮肥、磷肥和钾肥3种肥料,每种肥料设置4个水平的施肥试验,研究分析了氮肥、磷肥和钾肥3种肥料,以及每种肥料的不同施用数量,对促进红松无性系种子园幼龄母树结实的效果,提出促进红松无性系幼龄植株结实的适宜施肥数量。     

Comparative pharmacokinetics of baicalin in normal and the type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of the Radix scutellariae extract

Radix scutellariae was used alone or in combination with other medicinal herbs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China. At present, the pharmacokinetics of baicalin in type 2 diabetic rats following oral administration of Radix scutellariae extract was investigated. The results showed that the pharmacokinetics (especially AUC) of baicalin in type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of Radix scutellariae extract was remarkably different from that in normal rats. Then the mechanism which resulted in the increased AUC of baicalin in diabetic rats was investigated from system clearance and presystemic metabolism. And it was found that the increased AUC of baicalin in diabetic rats at least partly resulted from higher production of baicalein in the intestinal tract of type 2 diabetic rats. Moreover, the activity of β-glucuronidase in intestinal mucosa of type 2 diabetic rats was demonstrated to be higher than that in normal rats, which confirmed the results above. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetic behavior of baicalin was significantly altered in type 2 diabetic rats after orally administrated Radix scutellariae extract, which may partly result from the increased activity of intestinal β-glucuronidase under the pathological state of type 2 diabetes mellitus.