3种雉科鸟类血液生理指标的比较研究

为了解勺鸡、雉鸡和石鸡血液生理参数的正常值及其特点,为人工饲养繁殖以及健康状况监测提供参考依据,采用常规方法,对人工饲养的3种雉科鸟类(勺鸡、雉鸡和石鸡)红细胞数、白细胞总数、白细胞分类计数、血小板数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞沉降率、红细胞体积及红细胞比容8项血液生理指标进行了测定。结果表明,雉鸡的血小板明显高于勺鸡和石鸡(P<0.05);其它7项血液生理指标3种鸟之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

松鼠猴血液生理指标的测定

血液生理指标能反映动物机体的机能.本文首次测定了松鼠猴的血液生理值,并与恒河猴的指标做了比较.结果显示,松鼠猴的红细胞、血小板、血红蛋白、红细胞比容和平均血红蛋白浓度5种指标都明显高于恒河猴;而白细胞和平均红细胞体积都略低于恒河猴.松鼠猴的白细胞分类记数结果显示,松鼠猴血液中中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞占97.5%,单核细胞占2.0%;嗜酸性粒细胞为0.2%,几乎无嗜碱性粒细胞.这些结果可作为松鼠猴饲养管理和疫病检测判断的参考依据.     

黑麂血液生理生化指标的测定

首次检测了黑麂血液常规和生理生化等23项指标,并与鹿科梅花鹿做了比较。测定结果显示,黑麂的红细胞、血小板、血红蛋白、红细胞比容高于梅花鹿指标,而白细胞、红细胞体积、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度、平均血红蛋白量、红细胞体积分布宽度指标低于梅花鹿指标。黑麂白细胞分类结果显示,白细胞和单核细胞约占90%;嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞所占百分比各占约2%。黑麂血清生化指标测定结果显示,总胆固醇和血糖两项指标高于梅花鹿的指标;甘油三酯(TG)及极低密度脂蛋白(VLDI-C)含量显著高于梅花鹿。检测结果反映了黑麂的机体生理机能,是进行疾病临床诊断和治疗的依据。     

花鼠冬眠前后血液生理指标变化研究

为了掌握花鼠血液生理指标的基本数据以及花鼠冬眠前后各项指标的变化情况,试验采用BC-3000全自动血液细胞分析仪对冬眠前后花鼠的生理指标进行了测定。结果表明:花鼠冬眠后,白细胞数目(WBC)、淋巴细胞数目(LYMPH)、中性粒细胞数目(GRAN)、淋巴细胞百分比、中性粒细胞百分比、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、血小板数目(PLT)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、血小板比容(PCT)等比冬眠前高;单核细胞数目(Mon)、单核细胞百分比、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞比容(HCT)、红细胞分布宽度变异系数(RDW)、平均血小板体积(MPV)几乎没有变化;只有红细胞数目(RBC)下降。生理指标的不同反映了花鼠在活动能力、健康状况等方面存在性别和季节性差异。     

山东省地方猪种及杜长大血常规性状的比较分析

遗传因素是决定动物血液生理生化指标的内在物质基础,不同品种猪之间在血细胞性状的差异,可能与中外不同猪种在代谢和免疫力方面差别存在一定联系。研究利用全自动血液细胞分析仪检测了6个山东地方猪种和1个杜长大(DLY)杂种猪共87头猪的19项血常规性状,对品种间的差别进行了多重比较分析。结果表明:红细胞性状和白细胞性状在不同品种间差异较大,红细胞总数(RBC)、红细胞血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)和红细胞体积分布宽度变异(RDW)4个红细胞性状,以及中性粒细胞数(GRAN)、中性粒细胞百分比(GPR)、淋巴细胞数(LYM)、淋巴细胞百分比(LPR)和中间值细胞百分比(MPR)5个白细胞性状的检测值在不同品种间存在显著或极显著差异;猪血小板各性状不同品种间差异较小,只有血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)性状在品种间差别均达到显著水平。引进猪种和地方猪种相比较,DLY在RBC、HGB、HCT和平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)4个红细胞性状,白细胞总数(WBC)、GRAN和GPR 3个白细胞性状,以及血小板总数(PLT)、血小板压积(PCT)和血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)3个血小板性状的检测值均低于山东地方猪种,其中有些达到了显著水平,这表明地方猪种在氧气运输、天然免疫等功能方面比引进猪种更为强大。研究为深入了解中外不同猪种的差异,挖掘我国地方猪的种质特性奠定基础。     

蛋用黄羽鹌鹑血液细胞学和血液生理学参数的研究

利用采自纯系蛋用黄羽鹌鹑健康群体的血样，对黄羽鹌鹑的血液细胞学和主要血液生理学参数进行了研究。结果表明，黄羽鹌鹑的血液细胞形态与鸡和其它禽类相似。黄羽鹤鹑的红细胞数量、凝血细胞数量、血红蛋白含量和血细胞比容均存在性别差异，其中红细胞数量、凝血细胞数量、血红蛋白含量和血细胞比容雄性均显著高于雌性（P〈0．05），凝血细胞数量雌性显著高于雄性（P〈0．01）。凝血细胞长度比红细胞短，其宽度与红细胞差异不显著（P〉0．05）。3周龄和7周龄比较红细胞数量、凝血细胞数量、血红蛋白含量和血细胞比容均无显著差异（P〉0．05），白细胞数量和分类以及各类白细胞的大小在性别和周龄间均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。     

阳山鸡血液主要生理生化指标的测定

为了研究阳山鸡的种质资源特性,试验检测了28只(其中公鸡13只、母鸡15只)14周龄阳山鸡的血液生理生化指标。结果表明:阳山鸡红细胞总数、白细胞总数、血小板数量分别为2.82×1012/L、276.04×109/L、9.75×109/L;血浆总胆固醇和三酰甘油含量分别为3.54,1.15 mmol/L;血清白蛋白、α1球蛋白、α2球蛋白、β球蛋白及γ球蛋含量分别为53.90%、15.20%、13.50%、9.30%、8.10%。公鸡和母鸡差异显著(P<0.05)的指标有红细胞体积、血红蛋白含量、红细胞分布宽度、总胆固醇含量和三酰甘油含量,其余生理生化指标无明显的性别差异(P>0.05)。     

湖北乌羊血液生理指标的测定与分析

对湖北省通山县86只成年湖北乌羊的20项血液生理指标进行了测定,并比较分析了公母羊各项生理指标之间的差异。结果表明：白细胞总数17.99×109/L,淋巴细胞数7.30×109/L,单核细胞数1.53×109/L,粒细胞数8.60×109/L,血小板总数75.73×109/L,红细胞总数10.01×1012/L,血红蛋白含量85.64 g/L。其中,平均血红蛋白含量、平均红细胞体积、红细胞分布宽度、平均血小板体积和血小板分布宽度等5项指标在性别之间均差异极显著（P〈0.01）,血小板压积在性别间差异显著（P〈0.05）,其余14项血液生理指标在性别之间均没有显著性差异（P〉0.05）。     

成年徐海鸡血液生理生化指标分析

为研究成年徐海鸡的血液生理生化指标,试验测定并分析了40周龄徐海鸡的各项血液生理生化指标。结果表明:1血液生理指标:徐海鸡公鸡红细胞计数(RBC)、白细胞计数(WBC)、血小板计数(PLT)、血红蛋白浓度(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)测定值极显著大于母鸡(P0.01),公鸡红细胞分布宽度(RDW)测定值显著大于母鸡(P0.05);2血液生化指标:徐海鸡公鸡谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、葡萄糖(GLU)、钠(Na)离子测定值极显著高于母鸡(P0.01),母鸡甘油三酯(TG)、镁(Mg)离子、钙(Ca)离子测定值极显著大于公鸡(P0.01),母鸡胆碱酯酶(CHE)、钾(K)离子测定值显著高于公鸡(P0.05)。     

蒙古马与英纯血马部分血液生理指标的初步比较

为弄清蒙古马（Mogolian Horse)和英纯血马（Thoroughbred)的血液生理指标的差异，本测定了红细胞（RBC）、白细胞（WBC）、血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞压积容量（PCR）、平均红细胞浓度（MCH）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（MCHC）、白细胞分类（WBC-DC）等8项血液生理指标。结果表明，蒙古马的上述各项血液生理指标均高于英纯血马，但差异不显。说明在我区的地理位置、气候环境及饲喂条件下，对英纯血马进行疾病诊断治疗的时候，可以参考蒙古马的各项血液指标。     

Studies on some paraclinical indices on intoxication in horses from freshly cut Jimson weed (Datura stramonium)-contaminated maize intended for ensiling

Monitoring of changes in some blood laboratory parameters in 34 horses after ingesting freshly harvested maize that was to be used for ensiling, heavily contaminated with young Datura stramonium plants, is described. For a 7-day period the following parameters were monitored: haemoglobin content (HGB), red blood cell counts (RBC), white blood cell counts (WBC), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), differential white cell counts (DWC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), protein fractions, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), blood glucose (Glu), total protein (TP), globulin (Glob) and albumin (Alb). The intoxication was accompanied by erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, regenerative left shift neutrophilia, lymphopaenia, eosinopaenia, increased haematocrit values, low erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hyperglycaemia, bilirubinaemia, hypoproteinaemia and increased activity of AST and LDH. No changes occurred in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), albumin, globulin and globulin fractions (alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2 and gamma). The blood parameters returned to normal between post-intoxication days 2 and 5. The observed changes in clinical chemistry indices could be used in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prognosis of Jimson weed intoxication.     

Biochemical and hematological reference ranges for Amazon freshwater turtle, Podocnemis expansa (Reptilia: Pelomedusidae), with morphologic assessment of blood cells

Blood parameters are useful to measure physiological disturbances in chelonians. Thus they can provide important information for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. The aim of this paper was to determine the reference range of plasma glucose, total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol and urea levels, as well as hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cell, thrombocyte and white blood cell counts for healthy Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812), bred in a turtle farm in the Amazonas State, Brazil. Plasma glucose, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), lymphocytes and heterophils were the parameters with the smallest variations. Significant (p < 0.001) correlations between red blood cells count and hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were found. Turtle P. expansa had lymphocytes, azurophils, heterophils, eosinophils and basophils with morphologic features similar to the ones of others turtles species. No investigated blood parameter was influenced by sex. In further studies, the established reference ranges might be useful for the health assessment of this turtle species.     

The comparative haematology of cross-bred and indigenous East African goats of Tanzania and breeds reared in Denmark

Erythrocyte counts, haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell indices, total and differential leukocyte counts were determined in 202 cross-bred and 14 indigenous East African goats aged 6–12 months and also in 59 Norwegian dairy goats, of which 24 were 15–45 days old, 8 were 8 months old and 27 were over 3 years and pregnant. These were reared in Tanzania. Comparisons were made with 24 Dwarf and 57 Danish Landrace goats at 6–12 months of age and 76 adult pregnant Danish Landrace goats reared in Denmark. The purpose was to determine reference ranges for cross-bred and indigenous East African goats and to compare these with those of other breeds. The haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, erythrocyte and white blood cells were lowest in the Norwegian kids. The highest values were observed in 6–12-month-old goats in all the breeds, whereafter they decreased to relatively constant adult levels. The mean corpuscular volumes were highest in kids followed by adult pregnant Norwegian and Danish Landrace goats, and lowest in 6–12 months old goats. East African and cross-bred goats had the smallest mean corpuscular volumes. The haemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts were highest in indigenous East African, followed by young Norwegian and cross-bred goats. The mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was highest in the cross-breds, while the mean corpuscular haemoglobin was higher in pregnant than in other goats. The age and breed differences were statistically significant.     

Haematological changes in domestic fowl experimentally infected with the cestode Raillietina tetragona (Molin, 1858)

Haematological alterations in domestic fowl following three levels of infection with 20, 50 and 100 cysticercoids of Raillietina tetragona (Eucestoda) have been studied over a period of 8 weeks. The infected birds showed significant haemoglobin depression. There was no significant change in the packed cell volume (PCV), RBC counts or mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH). In all three levels of infection, the calculated mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increased, while the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) decreased considerably. Macrocytic anaemia along with hypochromia could be noticed during different periods of infection. Total white cell count diminished significantly in infected birds. There was a significant lymphocytopenia concurrent with a significant increase in the percentage of heterophilic elements. Eosinophilia was not a consistent feature. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) increased significantly in infected birds. The changes in the blood picture were more pronounced in birds infected with 50 and 100 cysticercoids.     

Dynamics of basic hematologic values in ewes during the course of a year

Basal hematological values were studied in ten primiparous ewes of Merino breed at 15 time intervals in the period from birth to the last decade of the next gravidity. The mean erythrocyte counts ranged from 6.5 to 10.3 T . l-1, hemoglobin content from 101.3 to 121.3 g per l, hematocrit value from 0.32 to 0.37 1 per l, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration from 29.97 to 34.22 g per dl, mean corpuscular hemoglobin from 11.17 to 16.61 pg, corpuscular volume from 35.03 to 55.37 fl. The mean leucocyte counts were from 4.98 to 9.93 G . l-1, with 25.8 to 60.5% neutrophil granulocytes with segmented nuclei, 0.1 to 2.6% neutrophil granulocytes with rodlike nuclei, 0.8 to 8.7% eosinophil granulocytes, 0.0 to 0.33% basophil granulocytes, 30.3 to 71.2% lymphocytes and 0.4 to 4.5% monocytes. The quality of red blood component was not negatively influenced by a high degree of gravidity. In the time of parturition, neutrophil granulocytes highly dominated over the other types of white blood cells; the counts normalized since the seventh day post partum. Although statistically significant differences were calculated for some time intervals, the values were within the physiological limits.     

Immunization of chukar partridges against coccidia (Eimeria kofoidi and Eimeria legionensis) with low doses of live oocysts

Experiments were conducted to determine whether chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) chicks would develop protective immunity after inoculation with coccidia. Young chukar chicks in battery cages inoculated with 100 or more oocysts of Eimeria kofoidi or Eimeria legionensis had significant protection at challenge 4 wk later, as measured by greatly reduced oocyst shedding and improved weight gain as compared with unvaccinated, challenged controls. However, when birds were housed in litter pens and vaccinated by various regimens (including two species of chukar coccidia at 100/dose), coccidiosis rapidly spread through all treatments and caused significant mortality. Vaccination with Coccivac-T or with 100 oocysts of Eimeria dispersa did not prevent mortality resulting from accidental contamination, and feed treatment with a Lactobacillus competitive-exclusion product had no benefit. Most if not all of the mortality was from E. kofoidi. This study illustrated the natural fecundity of chukar coccidia in a floor-pen environment where multiplication rate and reinfection combine to produce clinical disease from a small original exposure. Further, these results cast doubt on the potential use of low doses of live oocysts as a vaccine in the chukar partridge.     

Haematology of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Blood samples from 30 2‐week‐old unsexed chicks, 25 adult males, 30 non‐laying hens and 19 laying hens were examined to characterise haematological norms in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) under various physiological conditions such as age, sex and laying. Young quail had significantly lower erythrocyte counts, packed cell volumes, haemoglobin content, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations, numbers of thrombocyte::, percentages of lymphocytes and plasma protein levels than did the adult males and the non‐laying hens. The total leucocyte count of the young birds was not significantly different from that of the males and just different from that of the non‐laying hens. The young birds also showed a higher mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and percentages of heterophils and monocytes in comparison with the adult males and the non‐laying hens. A comparison between males and females showed that males had a higher erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and haemoglobin content and a lower concentration of plasma proteins than the adult females. Excepting for an elevated relative count of eosinophils, no influence attributable to laying was observed.     

10种鸟消化系统的比较研究

为了弄清鸟类消化系统形态结构与食性的关系,2005年3~7月对陇东学院和西峰市郊10种野生鸟的消化系统进行了解剖观察。结果表明,鸟的喙和舌因种类、食性和采食方式不同有很大的差异,鸟类消化道的形态特征与其食性密切相关:大白鹭的消化管最长,是体长的2.59倍,斑鸠、石鸡、环颈雉的消化管次之,是体长的2.39~2.45倍,白头鹎、北红尾鸲、白脊鸟令鸟、大山雀、椋鸟和灰伯劳的消化管最短,是体长的0.88~1.51倍;环颈雉、石鸡的嗉囊、肌胃和盲肠均非常发达,白头鹎、北红尾鸲、白脊鸟令鸟、大山雀、灰椋鸟、灰伯劳的嗉囊、肌胃、盲肠退化、消失。对其嗉囊、肌胃内容物剖检发现,大白鹭为肉食性鸟类,斑鸠、环颈雉、石鸡为植食性鸟类,白头鹎为杂食性鸟类,北红尾鸲、大山雀、白脊鸟令鸟、灰椋鸟、灰伯劳为食虫性鸟类。     

The investigation of lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant levels and some hematological parameters in sheep naturally infested with Wohlfahrtia magnifica larvae

Wohlfahrtia magnifica is the main agent of traumatic myiasis in many central and eastern European countries as well as in the Mediterranean basin and Asian countries. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of myiasis infestation on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant levels and several hematological parameters in the sheep naturally infested with W. magnifica larvae. A total of 38 sheep, including 19 awassi sheep naturally infested with W. magnifica larvae and 19 clinically healthy awassi sheep, were studied. The infected animals were divided into three groups depending on the number of larvae (Group 1: <50 larvae; Group 2: 50-100 larvae; Group 3: >100 larvae). In blood samples, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit concentration and white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil counts, plasma malondialdehyde, erythrocyte glutathione levels and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity were studied. The results revealed a marked decrease in red blood cell counts and hemoglobin concentrations along with a significant increase in white blood cell and neutrophil counts. The elevation in plasma malondialdehyde levels, a function of lipid peroxidation, established a significant difference between the control group and groups 2, 3. Decreased activity of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase was found significant in the control group and all parasitemia. We conclude that in natural infestations with W. magnifica, as in infestation with Lucilia cuprina, there is a notable increase in inflammatory activities resulting from the movements, secretions, and toxins of the larvae and form the toxins secreted by the bacteria - which leads to an impression of anemia - and that the tissue injury results in an increase in level of free radicals in the organism.