马缨丹提取液对杨梦尼夜蛾和春尺蠖的活性测定

以甲醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿和蒸馏水为溶剂获得4种马缨丹提取液,并以杨梦尼夜蛾和春尺蠖幼虫为受体,对其进行了拒食和触杀活性的测定.结果表明:乙酸乙酯提取液(100 mg/mL)对杨梦尼夜蛾和春尺蠖幼虫拒食活性最强,蒸馏水提取液次之,甲醇和氯仿提取液在4种提取物活性最差;马缨丹4种溶剂提取液对杨梦尼夜蛾和春尺蠖具有一定的触杀作用,但活性均不高.     

苍耳对苹果轮纹病菌等的抑菌活性研究

以苍耳根、茎、叶作为试验材料,以丙酮、80%乙醇、乙酸乙酯、蒸馏水作为提取溶剂,利用滤纸片法研究了苍耳不同器官4种不同溶剂提取液对2种细菌和1种真菌的抑菌活性,结果表明:苍耳各器官的不同溶剂提取液抑菌效果不同。对溶剂来说,苍耳叶丙酮、乙酸乙酯提取液对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈直径分别达16.32mm、15.66mm,叶的乙酸乙酯提取液对苹果轮纹病菌的抑菌圈直径达15.64mm,4种不同溶剂提取液的总体抑菌活性由大到小依次为丙酮、乙酸乙酯、80%乙醇、蒸馏水;对不同器官来说,苍耳各器官提取液抑菌效果由大到小依次为叶、根、茎,尤以叶的丙酮提取液抑菌效果最佳,乙酸乙酯次之。苍耳叶的丙酮、乙酸乙酯提取液对枯草芽孢杆菌、苹果轮纹病菌均表现为较强的抑菌活性,但对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性较弱。     

核桃外果皮提取液对蚜虫杀虫活性试验

试验以核桃干外果皮为材料,研究核桃外果皮提取液对蚜虫的杀虫活行。试验采用乙醇、乙酸乙酯、水、氯仿、丙酮5种不同的溶剂从核桃青皮中制备提取液,测定其对麦蚜、菊蚜的杀虫活性。结果表明:水提液对蚜虫无毒杀作用;乙醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、丙酮提取液对蚜虫具有较高的毒杀活性,其中以乙醇提取液的毒杀效果最佳。     

山核桃外果皮中的抑菌活性成分

用不同溶剂对山核桃外果皮甲醇浸膏进行萃取分离,得石油醚相、氯仿相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相,以番茄早疫病菌、苹果腐烂病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、黄瓜菌核病菌等5种病菌进行抑菌活性试验.结果表明:正丁醇相抑菌活性最强,氯仿相和石油醚相次之,乙酸乙酯相最弱.对氯仿相进行初步分离,得到7个单体化合物:乔松酮,黄卡瓦胡椒素,5-羟基-4',7-二甲氧基黄酮,5-羟基-2-甲氧基-1,4-萘醌,5-羟基-6,7-二甲氧基黄烷酮,乔松素,β-谷甾醇,均为首次从山核桃中分离得到,它们对玉米大斑病菌和水稻稻瘟病菌孢子萌发均有不同程度的抑制作用.     

黄藤笋和4种常见茎菜抗氧化活性的比较研究(英文)

以纯水和100%乙醇作为提取溶剂,采用超声波和50℃水浴萃取法获得了黄藤笋和4种常见茎类蔬菜(芦笋、茭白、莴笋和甜麻竹)的提取液,并通过DPPH法测定了这些提取液的总抗氧化活性(DPPH自由基清除率)。结果表明:黄藤笋提取液的抗氧化活性最强,其次是芦笋,甜麻竹提取液的抗氧化活性最低。黄藤笋、芦笋和莴笋乙醇提取液的抗氧化活性高于水提取液的抗氧化活性,而茭白和甜麻竹则相反。除甜麻竹外,其余4种茎菜提取液的抗氧化活性不因萃取方法的不同而有显著差异。研究还表明,黄藤笋提取液在稀释到3200倍时,DPPH自由基清除率仍有0.33%,而其他4种常见茎菜在稀释2～10倍后已丧失自由基清除能力。研究表明,黄藤笋作为保健品的添加剂具有很高的潜在利用价值。     

苦楝提取物的提取及其抑菌活性的研究

对苦楝提取物的提取及提取物对真菌的抑菌活性进行了研究。考察了提取剂种类、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数、料液比等因素对苦楝素提取的影响。结果表明：苦楝素优选提取条件为：以60％乙醇为提取剂，料液比1：9，在60℃条件下提取4次、每次80min，苦楝素的得率为1．08％。用苦楝树皮和果实的不同溶剂的提取物对两种真菌(黑曲霉、绿色木霉)进行抑菌试验，结果发现苦楝树皮和果实不同浓度的提取物的抑菌活性有很大区别；不同溶剂提取物的抑菌活性也不同。从整体看苦楝树皮提取物对供试菌的抑制效果比苦楝果实好。苦楝树皮乙醇提取物对两种供试菌的生物活性最强，对绿色木霉和黑曲霉有很好的抑菌活性。最低抑菌浓度的试验表明：苦楝树皮乙醇提取液对绿色木霉和黑曲霉的最低抑菌浓度均为0．5％，其中甲醇提取物对绿色木霉和黑曲霉的最低抑菌浓度为2％。     

金龟子发生及防治

据1979年调查,吉林市松花江苗圃有18种金龟子,其中主要有5种,即朝鲜黑金龟子、朝鲜鳃角金龟子、大棕色金龟子、东方金龟子及苹毛金龟子。这些金龟子主要危害落叶松、樟子松、沙松、杨树、紫穗槐、榆树等苗木,使生产遭受一定经济损失。自1979年以来,该场对金龟子发生及危害进行了观察研究,初步摸索到一些规律,现将所观察到的金龟子发生及防治情况总结如下。     

芫花杀虫活性组份的浸提、分离与生物测定

以卫矛尺蠖和斜纹夜蛾为试虫,以取食量及虫体增重为指标,用选择性和非选择性取食法测定乙醚等7种溶剂浸提芫花茎皮粉5 d后的浸提液.结果表明:乙醚、甲醇、氯仿及乙酸乙酯是最好的几种溶剂,乙醇次之,石油醚最差;芫花乙醇粗提液减压浓缩--石油醚多次萃取,是获得柱层析物质的必要步骤.柱层析各组份生测一致显示,活性组份存在于极性小的第4,5组份及极性大的第13组份,通过小柱纯化及薄层层析检测与标准化合物对照,认为β-谷甾醇是第4,5组份中主要的物质,生测表明,它能显著减少试虫取食量及体重增长,乙醇浸泡1,3,5 d与活性强弱关系不大.20%芫花乙醇粗提物在室内贮藏一年,不会使活性下降.     

白苞蒿不同溶剂提取物多酚含量及抗氧化活性

以甲醇、无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿为提取液,采用浸提法提取白苞蒿可溶性物质,福林酚法测定提取物的总酚含量,水杨酸法羟自由基清除作用实验测定提取物抗氧化性。结果表明4种溶剂中甲醇提取率最高,可达34.4%;乙酸乙酯提取物总酚含量最高,总酚含量为22.31μg·g~(-1);4种提取物清除羟自由基能力的强弱为甲醇提取物无水乙醇提取物氯仿提取物乙酸乙酯提取物,甲醇提取物清除羟自由基率可达95.5%。说明,白苞蒿具有较强的抗氧化活性,可作为药食两用的保健食品加以开发利用。     

白花曼陀罗提取液对春尺蠖等昆虫的活性测定

以乙醇 水(1∶1)作为溶剂,采用微波辅助提取、浸泡提取等方法,从白花曼陀罗种子中得到提取液,用此液对春尺蠖等昆虫进行了活性测定。结果表明,白花曼陀罗种子提取液对杨毛臀萤叶甲东方亚种成虫、春尺蠖和荨麻蛱蝶幼虫具有较强的拒食活性,对蚜虫具有较强的触杀活性。其中,白花曼陀罗种子微波辅助提取液的拒食活性和触杀活性很强,24 h的拒食率达到了81.48%以上,处理48 h后对蚜虫的触杀活性高达88.7%。同样的拒食活性物质对幼虫的拒食率要比成虫高。相同溶剂的微波辅助提取液和直接浸提液的活性比较说明,利用微波辅助提取有利于生物活性物质的溶出。     

Insecticidal action of the polyphenolic rich fractions from the stem bark of Streblus asper on Dysdercus cingulatus

Extracts from the stem bark of Streblus asper possess insecticidal activity against the fifth instar of Dysdercus cingulatus. Methanolic extract showed an LC(50) value of 5.56 microg/insect. Partition with chloroform increased the insecticidal activity (LC(50) 2.01 microg/insect). Three polyphenolic rich fractions were obtained from silica-gel column chromatography of the chloroform fraction and found to have noteworthy insecticidal activity (LC(50): 1.82 microg, 2.70 microg, 2.26 microg/insect) by topical application. This may provide a useful beginning for the development of biopesticides.     

黄花蒿提取物对菜蚜的杀虫活性研究

以丙酮、乙醇及水作溶剂，研究了黄花蒿全株干粉的3种溶剂提取物及其提取物不同浓度对菜蚜的触杀和胃毒活性。结果表明3种提取物对蚜虫都具有较强的毒杀活性，回归分析表明随着浓度升高杀虫时间缩短。LD50结果说明丙酮提取物的杀虫活性最强，乙醇提取物次之，最次是水提取物。独立样本t检验比较触杀效果和胃毒效果，表明黄花蒿各提取物均是触杀效果高于胃毒作用。     

Insecticidal activities and active components of the alcohol extract from green peel of Juglans mandshurica

The extract of green peel of Juglans mandshurica Maxim was extracted by common method for studying its insecticidal activities and analyzing the active components. Results showed that the alcohol extract and the chloroform part of extract （separated with chloroform from alcohol extract） form green peel of J. mandshurica have insecticidal activities in contact toxicity and stomach toxicity against larvae of Lymantria dispar L.. After application of the extracts for five days, the corrected mortality of larvae of Lymantria dispar for both extracts was more than 50% in contact toxicity and stomach toxicity at the concentration of ≥ 5 g·L^-1. The insecticidal activity for both alcohol extract and chloroform part of extract is more effect in contact toxicity than in stomach toxicity, but no significant difference in the insecticidal activities was found between alcohol extract and chloroform part of extract. The active components in the chloroform part of extract from green peel of.J. mandshurica were analyzed by GC-MS. The analyzed results showed that the active components in the chloroform part of extract are： （1） joglone （5-hydroxy-1,4- naphthaoquinone）, the relative content 27.11%, （2） 1,5-Naphthalenediol, the relative content 9.52%, （3） 7-Methoxy-1-tetralone, the relative content 6.81%, （4） Benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-, the relative content 6.76%, （5） 4-Hydroxy-2-methoxycinnamaldehyde, the relative content 3.99%, （6） 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, the relative content 3.05%.     

核桃楸叶乙醇提取物对舞毒蛾幼虫的毒杀效果

采用常规提取法浸提核桃楸叶的杀虫活性成分,其中乙醇提取物对舞毒蛾有显著的触杀和胃毒作用,且两种作用方式无显著差异,施药时间≥3 d、药液浓度≥5g/L时,平均校正死亡率均超过50%.核桃楸叶乙醇提取物的触杀和胃毒作用强于氯仿萃取相和乙酸乙酯萃取相.     

Antiinflammatory and ulcerogenic activities of Salvia triloba extracts

In continuation of our research on Salvia triloba, acute and chronic antiinflammatory and ulcerogenic activities of chloroform, ethanol, butanol and water extracts were detected at 25 mg/kg p.o. The chloroform extract showed the highest antiinflammatory activity in both acute and chronic models, while the ulcerogenic effects of all tested extracts were found to be less than that of acetyl salicylic acid.     

Antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities of Teucrium montanum

The antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extracts of Teucrium montanum were investigated. Ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-butanol extracts expressed a wide range of inhibiting activity against both Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria. n-Butanol extract possessed potent DPPH free radical scavenging activity.     

Antinociceptive activity of Maytenus rigida stem bark

Ethanol extract of Maytenus rigida stem bark and its fractions were assessed for antinociceptive activity in tail-flick test in rats. The activity was located in the chloroform, ethyl acetate and aq.methanol fractions. Phytochemical screening revealed that catechin was the only common class of compounds present on the ethanol extract as well as on the active fractions. 4'-Methylepigallocatechin, isolated from the ethyl acetate and aq.methanol fractions, showed antinociceptive effect in the tail-flick test (75 mg/kg; p.o.), which was reversed by the opiate antagonist naloxone (3 mg/kg; i.p.).     

Antibacterial activity of Barringtonia racemosa

The antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Barringtonia racemosa roots, its chloroform soluble fraction and, a there from an isolated clerodane diterpenoid is reported.     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Onosma argentatum and Rubia peregrina

The n-hexane-dichloromethane (1:1) extract of the roots of Onosma argentatum and the methanol extract (partitioned between water and chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, respectively), of the underground parts (roots and rhizomes) of Rubia peregrina were tested in vitro for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The highest antioxidant activity (98%) was observed at 0.1% concentration for the roots of O. argentatum. It was 96% at 0.25% concentration on the ethyl acetate fraction of R. peregrina. O. argentatum extract was effective on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions of R. peregrina were effective on S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. These two species did not have any antifungal activity.