Porcine atrophic rhinitis

SUMMARY: In snouts of pigs from 5 of 8 piggeries in New South Wales examined, there was evidence of severe atrophic rhinitis. In 220 pigs examined from one piggery there was no correlation between the severity of atrophic rhinitis and growth rate or back-fat thickness. There was also no correlation between the extent of lung pathology and back-fat thickness. Pleurisy or pericarditis did cause a significant reduction in growth rate.     

Induced atrophic rhinitis in rats

Infections with Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida were inducted in newborn specific-pathogen-free rats. Turbinate atrophy was quantified by measuring the length of the osseous core of the ventral turbinates. Bordetella bronchiseptica readily colonized the nasal cavity. Inoculated rats developed serum agglutinating antibodies to B bronchiseptica. Turbinate atrophy, correlating with a severe inflammatory reaction, was observed after dual inoculation with B bronchiseptica or after a single inoculation when the inoculum contained relatively large numbers of B bronchiseptica. Pasteurella multocida only rarely colonized the nasal cavity, even after prior instillation of weak acetic acid solution or B bronchiseptica.     

Vaccination against progressive atrophic rhinitis with a recombinant Pasteurella multocida toxin derivative.

Vaccination against progressive atrophic rhinitis using a purified recombinant derivative of the Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT), was carried out. Ten pregnant gilts were vaccinated twice with the nontoxic derivative (dO) which apart from a lack of 121 amino acids had an amino acid sequence identical to PMT, while seven gilts were vaccinated with a purified, formaldehyde treated, native PMT and ten gilts served as non-vaccinated controls. The resulting piglets were inoculated intranasally with Bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic P. multocida. Among piglets from the nonvaccinated gilts all except one developed clinical atrophic rhinitis and 90% developed severe turbinate atrophy while only a few pigs in the vaccinated groups developed clinical or pathological signs of disease. Gilt colostra from the two vaccinated groups had similar mean anti-PMT titers and the mean titers in the offspring's sera from these groups were nearly identical throughout the study. No pigs born from unvaccinated gilts were seropositive until 8 wk of age (7 wk post-challenge) but 23% became seropositive at slaughter. The infection rate with toxigenic P. multocida in piglets and the total number of P. multocida colonies cultured from nasal swabs were significantly reduced at 5 wk and 8 wk of age in the vaccinated groups, when compared to controls. There was a significantly improved weight gain (greater than 9%) from birth to slaughter in offspring from vaccinated gilts. No significant differences in feed conversion rate or % lean meat were observed among the groups. The study showed the excellent immunoprotective properties of the nontoxic derivative of the PMT molecule.     

猪传染性猪萎缩性鼻炎的研究进展

传染性萎缩性鼻炎(Swine infectious atrophic rhinitis,AR)又称慢性萎缩性鼻炎或猪萎缩性鼻炎,主要是由支气管败血波氏杆菌(Bordetella bronchiseptica,Bb)和产毒素多杀巴氏杆菌(Toxigenic Pasteurella multocida,T+Pm)引起猪的一种多发的慢性呼吸道传染病.该病的主要特征为慢性鼻炎、颜面部变形和鼻甲骨萎缩.哺乳仔猪感染本病后,除引起鼻甲骨甚至鼻腔变形、萎缩或消失外,还可以引起全身钙代谢障碍,致使仔猪发育迟缓、饲料利用率降低,有时伴发急、慢性支气管炎,导致仔猪死亡.T+Pm和Bb感染猪后损害呼吸道的正常结构和功能,使机体抵抗力降低,导致其他病原继发性感染,诸如支原体、嗜血杆菌、猪流感病毒、猪生殖.呼吸道综合征病毒等,引起猪呼吸道综合征,增加猪的死淘率川.     

Evaluation of an atrophic rhinitis vaccine under controlled conditions.

A vaccine containing inactivated cultures of Bordetella bronchiseptica, toxigenic Pasteurella multocida type D and dermonecrotic P multocida type D toxoid in an oil-in-water adjuvant was given to seven sows, with seven others acting as controls. Half the piglets in each litter were exposed intranasally when four days old to B bronchiseptica and when eight days old to toxigenic P multocida type D. There was considerably less sneezing in the litters of the vaccinated sows and when the piglets were 10 weeks old, only 18 per cent had deformed snouts compared with 74 per cent in the litters of the control sows. The average liveweight gain of the piglets born to vaccinated sows was significantly better (P less than 0.05) between two and 10 weeks of age than that of the piglets born to unvaccinated sows, although there were no significant lower respiratory tract lesions in either group. The conchal atrophy scores were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) in the piglets from the vaccinated sows and were negatively correlated (r = -0.37) with increasing liveweight gain. In the liters of the vaccinated sows, P multocida was not isolated from the nasal passages of the in-contact piglets and from only 7 per cent of those deliberately exposed compared with 65 per cent and 79 per cent, respectively, in the litters of the control sows. P multocida was isolated post mortem from the tonsils of 23 per cent of the piglets of vaccinated sows and from 87 per cent of those from unvaccinated sows.     

The prevention of atrophic rhinitis of swine

In a pig breeding unit that for years had been infected with Atrophic Rhinitis, the weaned piglets were divided into four groups. Group 1 (10 weaned piglets) --Their mother was vaccinated with 2 ml Rhinipig i.m. 3 weeks prior to farrowing. --The piglets received 0.2 ml each of Pargenta 50 (= 10 mg Gentamycin) i.m. on the third, fifth and seventh days after birth. --The piglets were fed a food containing 10 ppm Gentamycin-base during the 6 weeks following their weaning. Group 2 (10 weaned piglets) --Their mother was vaccinated with 2 ml Rhinipig i.m. 3 weeks prior to farrowing. --The piglets received 0.2 ml each of Pargenta 50 (= 10 mg Gentamycin) i.m. on the third, fifth and seventh days after birth. Group 3 (10 weaned piglets) --Their mother was vaccinated with 2 ml Rhinipig i.m. 3 weeks prior to farrowing. Group 4 (10 weaned piglets, untreated, experimental control group) After 6 weeks of treatment, Group 1 showed significantly better food conversion and daily weight gain when compared to the other groups.     

贵州省猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎的调查

在2003年6月～2005年7月期间,对贵阳市6个养猪场的猪群进行了调查,猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎的临床发病率平均达到12.1%(196/1617);采用乳胶凝集试验检测不同年龄猪群的血清样本,血清抗体阳性率平均达到42.8%(12/28);从临床上表现流涕、打喷嚏、鼻梁变形和鼻甲骨萎缩的病猪采集鼻拭子分离支气管败血波氏杆菌(Bb)和多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pm),Bb的检出率平均达到64.0%(16/25),Pm的检出率平均达到20.0%(5/25)。本次调查从流行病学、血清学和病原细菌学3个方面证实了贵阳市的猪群中存在猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎。