Mizolastine对趾叶炎小鼠趾部组织TNF-α表达的影响

采用组织化学和免疫组化的染色方法,检测趾叶炎小鼠趾部组织中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的表达水平、炎性细胞、肥大细胞及其脱颗粒的动态变化.结果显示,造模组在免疫后14 d TNF-α表达达到一个峰值,而后表达开始减弱,21 d后表达开始增强,极显著高于同一时相正常组(P<0.01);各治疗组其表达均极显著低于同一时相造模组,其中低剂量治疗组小鼠同一时相均极显著高于正常组(P<0.01),中剂量治疗组小鼠除免疫后前3个时相显著外(P<0.05),免疫后35 d与正常组不显著(P>0.05),高剂量治疗组小鼠除免疫后14 d显著外(P<0.05),其余各时相均与正常组不显著(P>0.05),各治疗组小鼠的TNF-α表达水平并随药物浓度的提高和免疫时间的延长而逐渐减弱,而肥大细胞及其脱颗粒和炎性细胞变化均与TNF-α的表达趋势相吻合.结果表明,Mizolastine可以显著抑制TNF-α的表达.     

血管内皮生长因子在犬乳腺肿瘤中的表达

血管内皮生长因子是一种同源二聚体多肽,能够刺激血管上皮细胞迁移和增值,是血管发生的关键,它在肿瘤的生长和转移中起重要作用。血管内皮生长因子不仅可以作为临床上判断犬乳腺肿瘤预后的有效指标,而且为犬乳腺肿瘤的治疗开创了新途径。     

血管内皮生长因子在绵羊肺脏中的表达分布研究

目的研究血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）在绵羊肺脏中的表达分布特征。方法取成年绵羊肺脏组织,制备石蜡切片,利用HE染色法观察绵羊肺脏组织的形态结构,采用免疫组织化学方法检测VEGF在绵羊肺脏组织中的分布。结果肺脏的各类型细胞均可见VEGF表达,在绵羊肺脏导气部的细支气管和终末细支气管的上皮细胞,呼吸部的肺泡管和呼吸性细支气管的上皮细胞,以及肺的血管内皮细胞均可检测到VEGF的强阳性表达信号。结论VEGF广泛分布于绵羊肺脏组织中,对其形态结构和功能的维持具有重要作用。     

动物卵巢血管周期性变化及其与卵巢功能关系

血管新生是哺乳动物在出生后发生于周期性生理变化的器官中的特殊生理机制,卵巢作为具有明显周期性变化特征的器官,其上卵泡发育与闭锁、黄体的形成与退化均具有明显的血管周期性变化特点。在卵巢的周期性血管变化过程中,血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和血管紧张素(Ang)起着重要的调控作用,其表达的时空特性与血管的周期性变化是密切相连的。     

血管内皮生长因子对哺乳动物生殖的影响

睾丸间质细胞和支持细胞产生的血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)可能以旁分泌形式调节精子发生的微环境并影响精子发生。VEGF可能影响卵泡内血管通透性和血管发生,并参与排卵过程。胚胎着床期着床胚泡处的腔上皮细胞和腔上皮下的基质细胞中VEGF表达明显增加。子宫增殖期间VEGF表达的不断增加和VEGF受体2的高表达可能与月经后子宫内膜重建时快速的毛细血管增生有关。     

血管内皮生长因子在哺乳动物皮肤毛囊周围血管新生过程中的调控作用

血管内皮生长因子（Vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF）是一种特异的作用于血管内皮细胞的生长因子,具有促进血管生成活性的功能性蛋白,也是新近发现的一种作用于毛囊的生长因子。毛囊具有周期性生长的特性,而在毛囊周期性变化过程中伴随着血管的新生。作者对毛囊周围血管新生及VEGF在该过程中的调控机制的研究进展予以综述。     

COX-2和血管内皮生长因子过表达与犬乳腺肿瘤血管生成的相关性

本研究旨在探讨环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在犬乳腺肿瘤血管生成中可能的作用。对70例肿瘤病例(28例良性和42例恶性)进行免疫组织化学分析,检测其COX-2和VEGF的表达情况;以CD31免疫标记测定微血管密度(MVD)来评估肿瘤血管生成。结果显示,在恶性病例中COX-2和VEGF的表达,MVD均显著高于良性病例(P<0.001)。在恶性组中,COX-2阳性肿瘤病例的MVD显著高于COX-2阴性肿瘤病例(P=0.026)。同样,VEGF阳性肿瘤病例的MVD也显著高于VEGF阴性肿瘤病例(P<0.001)。本研究结果提示,COX-2和VEGF的过度表达可能有助于恶性肿瘤的血管生成和侵袭。     

血管内皮生长因子在犬乳腺癌裸鼠模型中的表达及其意义

乳腺是犬肿瘤常发的部位，母犬乳腺瘤发病率约占全部肿瘤性疾病的25％～42％，这种疾病在公犬很少发病（低于3％）。乳腺肿瘤疾病在犬5岁之前很少发生，但随着年龄的增长，发病率逐渐上升。大多数的试验证明犬的乳腺肿瘤疾病发病年龄集中在10～12岁。乳腺肿瘤中约有一半是恶性的，并且发生转移的比率很高。据报道，母犬患乳腺肿瘤的机率是人类女性患乳腺肿瘤的3倍，犬乳腺肿瘤在组织形态学与生理学上与人类乳腺肿瘤基本一致。因此犬的原发性乳腺肿瘤是研究人类乳腺肿瘤极好的模型。     

不同日龄滩羊皮肤组织化学特征比较

为比较2、35日龄滩羊皮肤毛囊的发育特点与血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF）和血管内皮生长因子受体2（vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2，VEGFR2）的分布特征，探究出生后滩羊被毛生长发育的变化特点，试验应用常规HE染色及改良Masson胶原纤维染色、Gomori银氨法染色、磷钨酸染色等特殊染色观察2与35日龄滩羊皮肤组织结构特点；应用免疫组织化学法结合免疫荧光染色法观察VEGF及VEGFR2在2与35日龄滩羊皮肤组织中的分布定位，并用IPP图像分析软件进行定量分析。结果显示：与2日龄滩羊皮肤组织比较，35日龄滩羊表皮与真皮间界限更加清晰，毛囊结构发育完整；毛囊密度显著降低（P<0.05）；胶原纤维与弹性纤维含量增加，形成网格状分布。免疫组化及免疫荧光结果显示，VEGF及VEGFR2在滩羊皮肤表皮及毛囊外根鞘、皮脂腺上均有表达。统计表明，VEGF及VEGFR2在2日龄滩羊皮肤组织中的表达量均显著高于35日龄（P<0.05）。综合上述结果，滩羊毛囊发育过程中，胶原纤维和弹性纤维增加明显；VEGF与VEGFR2通路在毛囊角质形成中起直接调节作用。     

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) associated with histopathological changes in rodent models of osteoarthritis

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors have recently reported to be expressed in human osteoarthritis (OA), suggesting that VEGF could be implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease. In the present study, expression of VEGF in the articular cartilage was determined in three different OA models: medial meniscectomy and monoiodoacetate (MIA) injection in rats and age-associated spontaneous joint cartilage destruction in guinea pigs. VEGF was detected by immunohistochemical analysis in the regenerative and hypertrophic chondrocytes, perichondrium and osteophyte areas and chondrocyte clones. Stain intensity of VEGF immunoreactivity increased simultaneously with the degree of cartilage destruction and reparation. These results suggest that VEGF is a key factor in the articular cartilage in human OA and animal OA models.     

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in canine oral malignant melanoma

Serum, plasma and tissue expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured in 20 dogs previously diagnosed histologically with oral melanoma. The concentrations of VEGF in serum and plasma were significantly higher in dogs with melanoma than in a control population (P ≤ 0.002). Concentrations of VEGF in the serum and plasma of dogs with melanoma were highly correlated (r = 0.867). Ninety‐five per cent of melanoma tissues expressed VEGF. Two staining patterns were detected: diffuse and granular cytoplasmic staining. High blood concentrations of VEGF were correlated to a shorter survival time in dogs receiving definitive therapy (P = 0.002). Survival times were significantly longer in dogs receiving definitive therapy versus palliative therapy (median 496 versus 97 days, P = 0.007). Blood concentrations of VEGF were associated with stage (P < 0.05). Dogs with oral melanoma have increased serum, plasma and tissue concentrations of VEGF. Increased expression of VEGF may be a reasonable target for future therapy of canine oral melanoma.     

Serum vascular endothelial growth factor in dogs with various proliferative diseases

Angiogenesis plays an important role in the proliferation and metastasis mechanisms of malignant tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a group of cytokines that contribute to angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the serum VEGF-A concentrations in dogs with various proliferative diseases. A total of 202 dogs that were histopathologically diagnosed with proliferative diseases were included in the study. Serum VEGF-A concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Median serum VEGF-A concentrations in dogs were as follows: healthy dogs, 4 pg/ml [0–21 pg/ml]; hepatocellular carcinoma, 30 pg/ml [0–158 pg/ml, P=<0.001]; hepatocellular adenoma, 32 pg/ml [0–49 pg/ml, P=0.003]; hepatic nodular hyperplasia, 18 pg/ml [0–51 pg/ml, P=0.595]; adrenal pheochromocytoma, 32 pg/ml [0–187 pg/ml, P=<0.001]; adrenocortical carcinoma, 32 pg/ml [3–161 pg/ml, P=0.002]; adrenocortical adenoma, 27 pg/ml [0–106 pg/ml, P=0.005]; colorectal adenocarcinoma, 36 pg/ml [0–75 pg/ml, P=0.002]; colorectal adenoma, 43 pg/ml [0–48 pg/ml, P=0.144]; inflammatory colorectal polyps, 37 pg/ml [0–111 pg/ml, P=<0.001]; pulmonary adenocarcinoma, 35 pg/ml [4–107 pg/ml, P=0.002]; pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma, 35 pg/ml [0–131 pg/ml, P=0.016]; and follicular thyroid carcinoma, 35 pg/ml [0–106 pg/ml, P=0.009]. The serum VEGF-A concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with neoplastic lesions compared to healthy dogs, except for colorectal adenoma. High serum VEGF-A concentrations were observed in dogs with proliferative diseases. The present study suggests that angiogenesis-inhibiting therapy, which targets VEGF-A, may be useful for canine neoplastic diseases.     

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 and -2 in normal and diseased canine eyes

Objective To immunohistochemically evaluate expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐1 (VEGFR1) and ‐2 (VEGFR2) in ocular tissue of healthy dogs and dogs affected with primary glaucoma, uveitic glaucoma, and intraocular neoplasia. Sample population Enucleated globes from five dogs with primary glaucoma, five dogs with uveitic glaucoma, six dogs with intraocular neoplasms and three ophthalmically normal control dogs. Procedure Ocular tissues were obtained from enucleated globes of clinical cases or immediately following euthanasia for control dogs. Tissue sections were stained immunohistochemically for VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 via standard techniques and vascular tissue was qualitatively evaluated. Vascular endothelial VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression patterns are reported for normal and diseased ocular tissues. In addition, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression patterns are reported for all normal ocular tissues. Results A constitutive expression pattern was detected for VEGFR1 by ocular vascular endothelial cells as well as nonvascular cells in the cornea, uvea, lens, and retina. VEGFR2 demonstrated limited expression in normal ocular tissue, but was widely expressed in vascular endothelium of diseased eyes, particularly in pre‐iridal fibrovascular membranes. Conclusions The results of this study suggest a role for VEGF receptors in both physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis in canine ocular tissue. Manipulation of this pathway may be a rational consideration for therapeutic intervention in canine ocular disease exhibiting pathologic neovascularization.     

Serum vascular endothelial growth factor in dogs with haemangiosarcoma and haematoma

Splenic haemangiosarcomas are frequently seen in dogs. Because of their bad prognosis differentiation from other benign splenic lesions are of prognostic importance.     

The luteotrophic function of galectin-1 by binding to the glycans on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in bovine luteal cells

The corpus luteum (CL) is a temporary endocrine gland producing a large amount of progesterone, which is essential for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Galectin-1 is a β-galactose-binding protein that can modify functions of membrane glycoproteins and is expressed in the CL of mice and women. However, the physiological role of galectin-1 in the CL is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the expression and localization of galectin-1 in the bovine CL and the effect of galectin-1 on cultured luteal steroidogenic cells (LSCs) with special reference to its binding to the glycans on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Galectin-1 protein was highly expressed at the mid and late luteal stages in the membrane fraction of bovine CL tissue and was localized to the surface of LSCs in a carbohydrate-dependent manner. Galectin-1 increased the viability in cultured LSCs. However, the viability of LSCs was decreased by addition of β-lactose, a competitive carbohydrate inhibitor of galectin-1 binding activity. VEGFR-2 protein, like galectin-1, is also highly expressed in the mid CL, and it was modified by multi-antennary glycans, which can be recognized by galectin-1. An overlay assay using biotinylated galectin-1 revealed that galectin-1 directly binds to asparagine-linked glycans (N-glycans) on VEGFR-2. Enhancement of LSC viability by galectin-1 was suppressed by a selective inhibitor of VEGFR-2. The overall findings suggest that galectin-1 plays a role as a survival factor in the bovine CL, possibly by binding to N-glycans on VEGFR-2.     

Preliminary study of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during low- and high-dose radiation therapy of dogs with spontaneous tumors

High plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations are associated with radiation resistance and poor prognosis. After an exposure to ionizing radiation in cell culture an early phase and a late phase of increased VEGF have been documented. The activation was dependent on the radiation dose. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure baseline plasma VEGF and changes in VEGF over the course of fractionated radiation therapy in dogs with spontaneous tumors. Dogs with tumors had a significantly higher pretreatment plasma VEGF than did dogs without tumors. Immediately after irradiation no increased plasma VEGF was observed. Over the course of radiation therapy there was an increased plasma VEGF in dogs treated with low doses per fraction/high total dose, whereas plasma VEGF remained stable in dogs irradiated with high doses per fraction/low total dose. The regulatory mechanisms are very complex, and therefore the value of plasma VEGF measurements as an indirect marker of angiogenesis induced by radiotherapy is limited.     

Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP‐4) and BMP‐7 induce vascular endothelial growth factor expression in bovine granulosa cells

Bone morphogenetic protein‐4 (BMP‐4) and BMP‐7, theca cell‐derived growth factors, directly affect the granulosa cell function. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of BMP‐4 or BMP‐7 in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in bovine granulosa cells. Granulosa cells were collected from small follicles (4–6 mm) and seeded at a density of 2–5 × 10⁵ cells per well in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/F12 medium with BMP‐4 or BMP‐7. The expression of VEGF messenger RNA and protein was the maximum when 1.0 ng/mL of BMP‐4 was added to the culture medium. On the other hand, 10 ng/mL of BMP‐7 significantly increased the expression of the VEGF gene and protein. In addition, BMP‐4 stimulated the expression of Smad1 and Smad5 genes in granulosa cells, whereas BMP‐7 stimulated the expression of Smad5 gene. These results suggested that BMP‐4 and BMP‐7 may be associated with VEGF expression via several specific Smads in bovine granulosa cells: BMP‐4 via Smad1/Smad5 and BMP‐7 via Smad5. In conclusion, theca cell‐derived BMP‐4 and BMP‐7 might contribute to follicular vasculature and development by inducing VEGF expression in granulosa cells.