河蟹人工育苗期固着类纤毛虫病的防治

河蟹人工育苗期间，受精卵和状幼体用抗真菌药物制霉素药浴，对固着类纤毛虫病的防治效果显著。当药液浓度在３５ｍｇ／Ｌ时浸浴３ｇｍ在６５ｍｇ／Ｌ时浸浴２ｈ，在１２５ｍｇ／Ｌ时浸浴１ｇ，均能杀死固着在蟹卵及幼体上的钟虫Ｖｏｒｔｉｃｅｌｌａｓｐ和聚缩虫Ｚｏｏｔｈａｍｎｉｕｍｓｐ．，并使虫体脱落。蟹卵和状Ｉ期幼体用１２５ｍｇ／Ｌ制霉素药浴６ｈ亦无融作用，受精卵的胚胎发育及幼体的蜕皮变态均正常。     

高锰酸钾,福尔马林防治大银鱼卵水霉病试验

以不同浓度和不同浸洗频率的高锰酸钾和福尔马林溶液防治大银鱼卵水霉病试验表明,浓度为１５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的高锰酸钾和２００．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的福尔马林溶液对水霉病有很强的抑制作用,而对其出苗率无明显影响。     

3种药物对河蟹幼体的毒性试验

对河蟹大眼幼体进行室内毒性试验,结果表明;孔雀石绿２４,４８,７２,９６ｈ的半致死浓度分别为２１．１５,１２．００,６．９０,２．８０;硫酸铜分别为６．４４,３．７４,３．３３,１．５０;高锰酸钾分别为５．１７,３．３８,１．９０,１．５０。试验发现１．０－２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的高锰酸钾可促进河蟹大眼幼体变态。而孔雀石绿对变态有抑制作用。文中讨论了３种药物在河在眼幼体生产上的安全使用问题。     

斑节对虾幼体链壶菌病的防治试验

在斑节对虾无节幼体池前２～３小时用０．０１５～０．０２０ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度的亚甲基蓝或三氟乐灵作预防,１～２天后发现有链壶菌感染时再用０．０２０ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度的亚甲基蓝或０．０２０～０．０３０ｍｇ／浓度的三氟乐灵治疗。两种药物比较,三氟乐录能有效防治链壶菌病,其有效浓度为０．０２０～０．０５０ｍｇ／Ｌ;而亚甲基蓝在链壶菌感染不严重时才有效,若感染严重或无节幼体下池前未施药预防,待发病后再用药,治疗无效。     

赤眼鳟对常用水产药物的敏感性试验

赤眼鳟对试验药物的敏感性大小依次为:硫酸铜>天使蓝>菌敌>高锰酸钾>百虫杀>敌百虫>甲醛>土霉素>氯化钠。它们的安全浓度分别为:0.064、0.186、0.63、1.66、3.88、8.53、23.3、44.4、1919m g/L。在赤眼鳟鱼病防治中,建议禁用硫酸铜、天使蓝;慎用高锰酸钾和菌敌;氯化钠一般作为浸浴消毒使用,而百虫杀、敌百虫、甲醛、土霉素、聚维酮碘均可安全使用。     

非离子氨氮对罗氏沼虾幼体的毒性研究

通过非离子氨氮对罗氏沼虾幼体的急性致毒试验表明：Ⅴ期幼体９６ｈ的半致死浓度（ＬＣ５０）值为１．１４ｍｇ／Ｌ,安全浓度（ＳＣ）值为０．１１ｍｇ／Ｌ;Ⅸ期幼体９６ｈ的ＬＣ５０值为１．４０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＳＣ值为０．１４ｍｇ／Ｌ,建议在育苗期间加强水质管理,有效地控制水体中非离子氨氮的浓度。     

罗氏沼虾蚤状幼体耗氧速率与窒息点测定

以罗氏沼虾蚤状幼体Ｖ与ＩＸ期为试验对象，在水温２８．５±０．２℃条件下测定其瞬时耗氧速率；并将瞬时耗氧速率与时间、溶氧量作相关分析。结果：耗氧速率随时间延长、溶氧量下降而递减；蚤状幼体Ｖ与ＩＸ期昏迷点分别为２．１８ｍｇ／Ｌ，１．３４ｍｇ／Ｌ；窒息点分别为１．８５ｍｇ／Ｌ，１．２６ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

亚硝酸盐对河蟹蚤状幼体及蟹苗毒性试验

研究了ＮＯ２＾－Ｎ对河蟹Ｚ５蚤状幼体及大眼幼体的毒性影响：ＮＯ２＾－－Ｎ能刺激和麻痹Ｚ５蚤状幼体及大眼幼体,并阻碍它们变态,引起死亡;在蚤状幼体后期的水质管理中,应加大力度换水,使（ＮＯ２＾－－Ｎ）在Ｚ５幼体期小于０．４８ｍｇ／Ｌ,在大眼幼体时小于１．２ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

抗菌素在鱼病防治中的应用

性状与作用：土霉素为黄色晶体，无臭、味略苦，性稳定，易溶于水。其主要作用是抑菌，高浓度时有杀菌作用。土霉素对鱼类的最低抑菌浓度为0．31～10μg／ml，多数为0．31～1．25μg／ml。治病范围广，毒性小，细菌耐药力产生很慢。肠道对其吸收很快，排出也快。     

福建爱德华氏菌对土霉素、氯霉素和链霉素的感受性、耐药性研究

本研究在试管内测定福建爱德华氏菌对土霉素、氯霉素和链霉素的最小抑菌浓度分别为５０ｕｇ／ｍｌ，３．１２ｕｇ／ｍｌ和０．３９ｕｇ／ｍｌ。在２５℃下经药物浓度递增继代培养，该菌株对这３种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度分别上升了１６倍，３２倍和６４倍。而对已获得耐药性的菌株进行无添加药物继代培养９次、１２次和１１次后，对土霉素、氯霉素和链霉素的敏感性又回复到了初始水平。     

鳗鱼养殖常用药物对铜绿微囊藻繁殖的影响

本文研究了鳗鱼养殖常用6种药物对铜绿微囊藻繁殖的影响,结果表明,二氧化氯、二氯海因、土霉素、敌百虫和高锰酸钾对铜绿微囊藻的96EC50依次为：2.09g/L、66.26mg/L、93.85mg/L、153.54mg/L、1.62mg/L,其对铜绿微囊藻繁殖的抑制效应强度分别为：高锰酸钾〉二氯海因〉土霉素〉敌百虫〉二氧化氯;而甲苯咪唑在0.25-50mg/L验浓度范围内对铜绿微囊藻的繁殖表现出积极的效应,随着浓度的增大铜绿微囊藻的繁殖逐渐递增。     

4种常用水产药物对西杂鲟幼鱼的急性毒性试验

在水温20~25℃条件下,采用静水试验法研究了聚维酮碘、溴氯海因、氯化钠和高锰酸钾等4种常用水产药物对西杂鲟幼鱼(平均体长11.40 cm,平均体质量10.10 g)的急性毒性。结果显示,聚维酮碘对西杂鲟幼鱼的24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度(LC50)分别为8.81、8.50、8.34、8.17 mg/L,安全质量浓度(SC)为2.37 mg/L;溴氯海因对西杂鲟幼鱼的24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为0.98、0.95、0.94、0.91 mg/L,SC为0.27 mg/L;氯化钠对西杂鲟幼鱼的24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为13954.78、13545.83、13292.42、13139.48 mg/L,SC为3829.06 mg/L;高锰酸钾对西杂鲟幼鱼的24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为2.94、2.89、2.82、2.77 mg/L,SC为0.84 mg/L。试验结果表明,聚维酮碘和氯化钠对西杂鲟幼鱼的安全质量浓度高于生产中的常用剂量,聚维酮碘可作为生产上的首选药物,氯化钠可放心使用但使用剂量不宜过高;高锰酸钾对西杂鲟幼鱼具有一定的毒性,使用后应适当投喂添加抗氧化剂和保肝的药物;溴氯海因对西杂鲟幼鱼的安全浓度低于生产常用剂量,因此不建议在养殖生产中使用。     

三种水产药物对虹鳟幼鱼的急性毒性

本文研究了水产常规药物高锰酸钾、孔雀石绿、久效磷晶体敌百虫对虹鳟幼鱼的急性毒性。实验发现虹鳟幼鱼对高锰酸钾溶液24、48、96h的中间忍受限(TLM)分别为1.65、1.56和0.35mg/L,高锰酸钾对虹鳟幼鱼的安全浓度为0.035mg/L,虹鳟幼鱼对孔雀石绿溶液12、24、38、96h的中间忍受限分别为0.280、0.250、0.126、0.100mg/L。孔雀石绿对虹鳟幼鱼的安全浓度为0.010mg/L。虹鳟幼鱼对久效磷敌百虫中性溶液12、24、48、96h的中间忍受限分别为6.68、3.74、1.57、0.49mg/L,敌百虫对虹鳟幼鱼的安全浓度为0.049mg/L。     

高锰酸钾胁迫及毒后恢复对锦鲤肝脏组织的影响

为了解高锰酸钾消毒对锦鲤幼鱼毒性毒理的影响,采用静水生物测试法研究高锰酸钾(KMnO4)对锦鲤幼鱼的急性毒性并进行安全评价.以(16.36±0.01)g锦鲤幼鱼为试验对象,设定0.5、1、2mg·L-1和3 mg·L-14个KMnO4浓度梯度进行48 h急性暴露试验,统计累计死亡率,将剩余幼鱼进行48 h恢复试验.在胁...     

敌百虫和高锰酸钾对草鱼鱼种的急性毒性研究

用渔用敌百虫和高锰酸钾对草鱼鱼种的进行了急性毒性试验。结果表明:渔用敌百虫和高锰酸钾对草鱼鱼种的安全质量浓度分别为4.3191 mg/L、0.6109 mg/L。高锰酸钾不宜作为药浴药物,渔用敌百虫是理想的药物。     

Ceramic clay reduces the load of organic matter and bacteria in marine fish larval culture tanks

Ceramic clay has been increasingly used to improve contrast and prey detection in tanks for rearing of fish larvae. In contrast to live microalgae or algae pastes, clay increases turbidity without contributing to the organic matter load. In addition, clay may aggregate and sediment organic matter and bacteria, facilitating its removal. Marine larvae are sensitive to infections by opportunistic bacteria. Fish, algae, and live feed increase the microbial carrying capacity of the rearing water which allow exponential growth of bacteria and favor fast-growing opportunists. Reducing substrate levels by replacing microalgae with clay may reduce bacteria proliferation and benefit larvae. We compared the effects of three rearing regimes including live Isochrysis galbana, Nannochloropsis oculata paste, and ceramic clay on the bacterial community, concentration of organic matter, and growth and survival of Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua L.). The application of clay resulted in reduced substrate levels for bacteria in the rearing water compared to the addition of live algae or algae paste. To some extent, clay aggregated and transported organic matter to the bottom of the larval fish tanks, where it could be effectively removed. Fish tanks receiving clay showed a lower abundance of bacteria in the water than tanks added algae paste or live algae. Fish tanks with algae paste showed a higher abundance of bacteria and a higher share of cultivable bacteria and TCBS counts than the other two treatments. Tanks with live algae showed low relative abundances of opportunistic bacteria and TCBS counts in both water and rotifers. Cod larvae in tanks with clay or live algae initiated exponential growth earlier than larvae in tanks with algae paste. Larvae in tanks receiving clay had significantly higher dry weight than larvae in tanks receiving algae paste at day 5 and 20 post hatching. The survival of larvae in the tanks added clay was variable. Two of the three tanks with clay had significantly higher larval survival than the tanks with live algae or algae paste. However, one tank with clay underwent 100% mortality. It is not possible to conclude whether this was related to the use of clay or an incidental development of a harmful microbial community in this tank. The effects of clay addition on larval performance should be studied further. Clay addition appears to be an easy way to reduce bacterial load during early first feeding of marine larvae without compromising the beneficial effects of turbidity.     

光合细菌对多刺裸腹溞培养的影响

在实验室条件下,采用静止培养法对多刺裸腹溞进行培养实验,研究在以酵母和小球藻为饵料的多刺裸腹溞培养中,添加不同浓度光合细菌对其生长繁殖的影响。结果表明:光合细菌(菌液浓度为48×108cell/ml)添加量为1 mg/L(组2)、2mg/L(组3)、64 mg/L(组8)、130 mg/L(组9)和260 mg/L(组10)时,实验组中多刺裸腹溞的生殖量与空白对照(组1)相比均无差异(P>0.05);光合细菌添加量分别为4 mg/L(组4)和8 mg/L(组5)时,实验组中多刺裸腹溞的生殖量明显多于对照组,差异较明显(P<0.05),其对多刺裸腹溞的增长具有明显的促进作用;在16 mg/L(组6)和32 mg/L(组7)时,实验组中多刺裸腹溞的生殖量达到最高峰,分别为对照组的1.54倍和1.40倍,差异十分显著(P<0.05);而当添加量过高,在520~800 mg/L(组11~组14)浓度范围内,实验组中多刺裸腹生殖量呈现急剧下降趋势,显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在本实验设计范围内,浓度等于或高于900 mg/L(组15)时,幼溞在12 d后仍没有达到性成熟,光合细菌对多刺裸腹溞的繁殖明显起抑制作用。以上结果显示,在以酵母与小球藻为饵料的多刺裸腹溞培养中,16~32 mg/L的光合细菌添加量最为适宜,该浓度范围的光合细菌对多刺裸腹溞的生长繁殖具有显著的促进效果。     

鱼肉酶解物及壳聚糖对鲤鱼涂膜保鲜效果的研究

以感官评分、挥发性盐基氮、菌落总数、K值为指标,研究比较了鱼肉酶解物和壳聚糖为原料的涂膜液对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)(4℃)冷藏过程中品质变化的影响。结果显示:贮藏期间,对照组的感官评分显著低于各涂膜组(P<0.05)。贮藏前8 d,涂膜组能够显著抑制K值的升高(P<0.05)。鱼肉酶解物和壳聚糖涂膜组均能够显著抑制细菌的生长,而贮藏2～6 d内鱼肉酶解物涂膜鲤鱼的菌落总数显著低于壳聚糖涂膜组(P<0.05)。贮藏后期,鱼肉酶解物组能延缓TVB-N值的升高,壳聚糖涂膜组能够显著抑制TVB-N值的升高(P<0.05)。鱼肉酶解物可作为一种新的可食性涂膜材料,用于延长鲤鱼的贮藏期。     

Effect of nitrite on larval development of giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

The effects of ambient nitrite concentrations on larval development of giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii were evaluated. The trials were conducted in two phases: phase 1, larvae from stages I through VIII and phase 2, larvae from stage VIII until post-larvae. In both phases larvae were kept in water with nitrite (NO₂-N) concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/L. Oxygen consumption was analyzed for larvae in stage II at nitrite concentrations of 0, 4, and 8 mg/L. Survival, weight gain, larval stage index and metamorphosis rate decreased linearly with increasing ambient nitrite concentration. However, there was no significant difference between larvae subjected to 0 and 2 mg/L NO₂-N. In phase 1, there was total mortality at 16 mg/L NO₂-N, while in phase 2 larval development stopped at stage X in this treatment. The oxygen consumption in stage II increased significantly at NO₂-N concentration from 0 to 4 mg/L, but there was no difference between 4 and 8 mg/L NO₂-N. In conclusion, increasing ambient nitrite up to 16 mg/L NO₂-N delays larval development, reduces larval growth rate and causes mortality, whereas no significant effect occurs for levels below 2 mg/L NO₂-N. However, the establishment of a general safe level of nitrite to M. rosenbergii hatchery may be difficult due to the great variability in larvae individual sensitivity.     

双抗对紫彩血蛤幼虫发育的影响

本文研究了青霉素钾盐和硫酸链霉素(双抗)混合使用对紫彩血蛤(Nutallia olivacea)幼虫发育的影响。结果表明:1～80ppm的双抗均有很好的抑菌效果,均可显著地提高幼虫的存活率,最高可提高52％,最低也可提高38％,同时对幼虫生长和变态均有明显的促进作用。其中以2～4ppm效果最好,幼虫生长最快,变态率最高;高浓度组对幼虫也无明显的副作用,幼虫生长速度、变态率和存活率也都高于对照组。